動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成形式為“to + 動(dòng)詞原形”，to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，本身無(wú)意義。動(dòng)詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)：

A. 具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。

B. 具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。

以下對(duì)不定式的熱點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)做簡(jiǎn)要的總結(jié)和分析，供同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)參考。

[No. 1] 考查動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的用法

1. It took my daughter two weeks _____ the novels _____ by Yang Hongying. (2007年山東濰坊)

A. read; written B. to read; written

C. reading; to writeD. to read; write

2. It’s importantthe piano well. (2006年天津)

A. of him to play B. for him to play

C. of him playing D. for him playing

Keys: BB

[簡(jiǎn)析] 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見(jiàn)的句式有：⑴It takes sb. some time to do sth. ；⑵It’s + adj. + (of sb.) to do sth. ；⑶It’s + adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 。句式⑵中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或品質(zhì)；句式⑶中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞與介詞for搭配，表示不定式動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。

[No. 2] 考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的用法

1. —Mr Wang， I have trouble _____ the text.

—Remember _____ it three times at least. (2007年山東威海)

A. to understand; reading

B. understanding; reading

C. understanding; to read

D. to understand; to read

2. —Li Lei， summer vacation is coming. Where will you go?

—I decide _____ to Mount Emei. (2007年新疆烏魯木齊)

A. goB. will goC. goingD. to go

3. —You forgot the door.

—Oh， _____. I’ll go and close it. (2007年內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)

A. closing; so did I

B. to close; so I did

C. closing; nor did I

D. to close; neither did I

Keys: CDB

[簡(jiǎn)析] 在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。

[No. 3] 考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法

1. Alice asked me _____ another bag for her. (2007年北京)

A. getB. gotC. to getD. getting

2. There are some dangerous fishes in this river， and I’ve warned Jack _____ here. (2006年浙江杭州)

A. not to swimB. to not swim

C. swim not toD. to swim not

Keys: CA

[簡(jiǎn)析] 動(dòng)詞不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有ask， tell， want， invite， like， expect， advise， allow， encourage， teach， order， warn， force等。

[No. 4] 考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法

1. Children also need time _____. (2006年四川南充)

A. playB. to playC. plays

2. —What about going swimming with me?

—Sorry. I have a lot of homework _____. (2005年新疆)

A. to doB. doneC. doD. to be done

Keys: BA

[簡(jiǎn)析] 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后。如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。

[No. 5] 考查不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

1. I often see my teacher， Ms Zhao， _____ books in her office. (2006年寧夏)

A. readsB. to readC. readD. is reading

2. Jane likes singing. We often hear her after class.

(2006年河北課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū))

A. singB. to singC. singsD. sang

3. This photo often makes me _____ of my teachers in the primary school.

(2007年吉林)

A. thinkB. to thinkC. thinksD. thinking

4. —Why _____ go to the supermarket with us?

—Sorry， he hasn’t finished his homework yet. (2006年江蘇無(wú)錫)

A. not let Tom B. don’t let Tom

C. not let Tom to D. not to let Tom

5. —What about playing football this afternoon， Sam?

—I would rather _____ at home than _____ football. It’s too hot outside.

(2007年江蘇南京)

A. stay; playing B. stay; play

C. to stay; to playD. to stay; playing

6. When you are sleeping， you had better _____ all your windows closed.

(2006年江蘇南通)

A. don’t keepB. not keep

C. no to keepD. not keeping

Keys: CAAABB

[簡(jiǎn)析] 在feel， watch， see， notice， hear， look at， listen to等感官動(dòng)詞和have， let， make等使役動(dòng)詞后以及在句型Why not...? Could / Would you please...?would rather... than...， had better... 后面都要用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。

友情提醒：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后要用不帶to的不定式，但用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前必須帶to。

7. —Do you often see William _____ on the playground?

—No， but he is often seen Chinese Kung Fu in the park.

(2007年山東濰坊)

A. run; play B. run; to play

C. running; playD. running; to play

8. Students can’t be made _____ all day. (2007年甘肅六市)

A. studyB. to studyC. of studyD. studied

Keys: BB

[No. 6] 考查動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)的用法

1. —Linda， I am very thirsty.

—Let’s go to the nearest supermarket _____ some drinks， OK? (2007年重慶)

A. buyB. boughtC. to buyD. buying

2. —What should I do， doctor?

—_____ healthy， you should take more exercise. (2007年江西)

A. KeepB. KeepingC. To keepD. Having kept

Keys: CC

[簡(jiǎn)析] 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的，也可以表示結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前面加in order或so as。

[No. 7] 考查“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

1. —I don’t know _____ next.

—You’d better finish your homework first. (2007年青海)

A. what to doB. where to go

C. what to leave

2. There are so many kinds of pens here. I can’t decide _____. (2007年山西)

A. when to choose

B. to choose which

C. which one to choose

Keys: AC

[簡(jiǎn)析] 不定式可以和疑問(wèn)代詞who， what， which或疑問(wèn)副詞when， where， how， why連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。