冠詞(Articles)是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。
1.不定冠詞指a或an,a用在輔音之前,如a road, a boy;an用在元音之前,如an old man, an hour等。不定冠詞的常用方法有:
1)用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前,指人或事物的某一種類。例如:
(1)He was an American writer.
(2)It seems to be an interesting book.
2)指某人或某物,但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物。例如:
(1)A boy is waiting for you.
(2)We work five days a week.
3)表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。如:
(1)We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
(2)Here’s a book for you.
4)表示某類事物中的任何一個(gè)。如:
(1) An elephant is bigger than a horse.
(2) A monkey can climb trees.
5)有些不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一種”、“一場(chǎng)”、“一堆”時(shí),須加不定冠詞。如:
A heavy snow,a strong wind,make a fire等。
6) 不定冠詞和其它一些詞還可以構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ),如:half an hour, have a rest, a little, a lot of, a moment ago等。
2.the是定冠詞,在輔音前讀[?奩?藿],在元音前讀[?奩i]。常用用法如下:
1)特指某(些)人或物。如:
(1)Show me the photo of the boy.
(2)The book on the desk is mine.
2)指雙方都知道的人或物。如:
(1)Where are the new books, Jim?
(2)They are on the small table.
3)指上文提過(guò)的人或物。如:
This is a new book. The book is written by Bill Gates.
4)用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如:the sun,the moon,the earth等。
5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。如:
(1)Let’s go to the first island.
(2)Who is the better, Lucy or Ann?
6)樂(lè)器名詞前用定冠詞the。如:
play the piano,play the violin等。
7)在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the,表示某某一家人,常看成復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The Browns (=The Brown family) are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
8)在一些形容詞前加the,表示一類人。如:the rich , the poor, the blind等。
9)用在一些專有名詞前。如:the Great Wall,the Women’s Hospital等。
10)用在一些習(xí)語(yǔ)中,如:in the morning (afternoon, evening) , on the left (right), all the same, by the way等。
3. 不用冠詞的情況。
1) 在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年、學(xué)科等詞前不用冠詞。如:in summer, in August,on Sunday等。
注:但如果節(jié)日、月份、星期前、后有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),它們前得加定冠詞。如:
(1)He came back in the winter of 2002.
(2)They arrived here on the hottest Sunday.
2)一些專有名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、稱呼和職務(wù)(頭銜)前不用冠詞。如:China ,Grade Two, father, professor, manager , Mr Li , Dr Liu等。
3) 表示顏色、語(yǔ)種和國(guó)家前不用冠詞。如:in purple,Japanese , Britain等。
4)在三餐、學(xué)科及球類名詞之前不用冠詞。如:
(1) I like maths.
(2)Did you have breakfast?
(3)Are you good at playing football?
練一練
在需要的地方填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~:
1. We know ____earth goes round _____ sun.
2. Do you know ____ girl beside the computer?
3. This is ______ her dress. ____ dress is very beautiful.
4. There are sixty minutes in ____ hour.
5. Mr Wang is ____ English teacher. We like her.
6.Lucy and Lily are twins. They look ___ same. Many of us can’t tell one from ___ other.
7. “Excuse me, where is _____ nearest post office?” “Oh, it’s on ____ other side of _____ street.
8.My father bought me ____useful book. I like ____ book very much.
Keys:1.the, the 2.the 3./, The 4.an 5.an 6.the, the 7.the, the ,the 8.a, the