形容詞和副詞好像一對孿生姐妹,它們的比較等級更是在句中頻頻出現(xiàn)。形容詞和副詞的比較等級可分為原級、比較級和最高級三種形式。如何在句中正確運(yùn)用這三種級別是同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)中的難點,現(xiàn)在就將一些常見的判斷方法介紹給大家。
一、在as, so, too, very, quite等詞后,只用原級。例如:
Lucy is as tall as Lily.
Thank you for teaching us so well.
It’s too late.
Tom did very well in the long jump.
She looks quite young.
二、前面有much, even, a little, far, any等詞語,特別是后面有than時;并列連詞and前后(除nice+and+形容詞外);the..., the...結(jié)構(gòu)中;以及who, which等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句且后面有or連接兩個并列成分時,形容詞、副詞都要使用比較級。例如:
He is much taller than Tom.
The harder you work, the better you will learn.
He ran faster and faster.
Why don’t you come a little earlier?
Which do you like better, milk or apple juice?
三、在in, of引導(dǎo)的表示“三者或三者以上的……”表比較范圍的句子中;who, which等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句且后面有or連接的三個或三個以上的并列成分時;“one of+the+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用最高級。注意:形容詞最高級前一般要用定冠詞,副詞最高級前的冠詞可省掉。例如:
Wang Hai is the tallest in our class.
Of all the girls, Lucy ran fastest.
Who is the best in English, Li Ming, Zheng Wenyan or He Rui?
English is one of the world’s most important languages.
[提示板] 我們可以用原級、比較級、最高級三種方式分別來表示最高級。例如:
她是她們班上最好的學(xué)生。
原級:No other student in her class is as good as she.
比較級:She is better than any other student in her class.
或No other student in her class is better than she.
最高級:She is the best student in her class.
[考題例析] 均選自近年各省市中考試題:
1. This film is interesting than that one.
A. moreB. much C. veryD. the most
[分析] 在英語中,兩者進(jìn)行比較,強(qiáng)調(diào)“一方比另一方……”,可使用“形容詞/副詞的比較級+than” 結(jié)構(gòu);三者或三者以上進(jìn)行比較時,應(yīng)使用最高級。根據(jù)題意,本題應(yīng)選用比較級,故A 項是正確答案。
2. — Your English is very good.
— But my brother learns it much _____ than I do.
A. good B. wellC. better D. best
[分析] 在英語中,a little, a lot, much, even等詞可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級,故本題的正確答案是C項。
3. Don’t worry. Your granny will get __________ .
A. well and well B. better and betterC. well and better D. good and well
[分析] 表示“越來越……” 可以采用“ 比較級+比較級”或“more and more+原級”的結(jié)構(gòu),如果是單音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞, 則用前一結(jié)構(gòu);如果是多音節(jié)詞,則可以用后一種結(jié)構(gòu),故本題的正確答案是B。
4. China is one of __________ in the world.
A. the oldest countryB. the oldest countries
C. much older countryD. much older countries
[分析] 在英語中,要表示 “其中最……的之一”,應(yīng)使用“one of+形容詞的最高級形式+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 ”。根據(jù)題意,本題應(yīng)選B項。
[真題演練] 請做下面的中考試題:
1. — Which is__________ season in Beijing? (2005年北京市)
— I think it’s autumn.
A. goodB. better C. bestD. the best
2. The second-hand camera is much _____ than that new one.
(2005年北京市)
A. cheapB. cheaperC. dear D. dearest
3. An elephant is _____ than a tiger.(2003年長沙市)
A. heavyB. very heavyC. the heaviestD. heavier
4. “Which animal do you like _____?” “I like all kinds of animals.”
(2006年甘肅?。?/p>
A. betterB. bestC. veryD. well
5. — The TV programme is boring. Shall we play chess instead?
— All right. That is _____ than watching a boring TV programme.
(2005年揚(yáng)州市)
A. very goodB. much goodC. very betterD. much better
6. The river _____ to the sea. It is _____ one in the country.(2006年昆明市)
A. runs, the longest B. runs, a longer
C. is run, the longest D. run, a longest
7. — Which is your favorite vegetable?
— _____ vegetables, I like cabbage _____ .(2006年蘇州市)
A. Of, better B. Of all the, bestC. With, betterD. With, best
8. Mary has three brothers. Smith is _____ of the three.(2004年武漢市)
A. most tallB. the tallestC. taller
9. Which do you like _____, tea, milk or juice?(2006年湘潭市)
A. wellB. goodC. betterD. best
10. When winter comes, the days get _____ . (2005年廈門市)
A. short and shortB. shorter and shorter
C. long and longD. longer and longer
Keys: 1~5:DBDBD6~10:ABBDB