2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷C篇的閱讀，介紹了ReadingArt：Artforbooklovers一書，并且在最后提出觀點(diǎn)：紙質(zhì)書不會(huì)過時(shí)，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)達(dá)的今天，紙質(zhì)書反而可以保護(hù)我們的隱私。在2024年的新課標(biāo)卷中，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)這一話題依然在延續(xù)，紙質(zhì)書仍受“偏愛”。那原因又是什么呢？接下來我們一起來看一下相關(guān)的文章。

一、閱讀文本及題目

以上的三篇閱讀文章中，2024新課標(biāo)1卷的閱讀理解四選一及七選五都將在線書籍與紙質(zhì)書籍進(jìn)行比較，并肯定了紙質(zhì)書籍的優(yōu)勝之處。2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷的文章，則點(diǎn)明了在搭乘火車時(shí)，即使現(xiàn)在人手一部手機(jī)，但我們依然想用傳統(tǒng)的方法：閱讀紙質(zhì)書，因此站內(nèi)的Kiosk（小亭）能滿足人們的需求。三篇文章都是對(duì)紙質(zhì)書的肯定，認(rèn)為其不會(huì)過時(shí)。接下來，我們看一下三篇文章的題目是如何考查的。

[例1］2024新課標(biāo)I卷C篇

Iscomprehension the same whether aperson reads a text on screen or on paper？ And are listening to and viewingcontentas effective as reading the written word when covering the same material？ The answers to both questions are often“ no.”The reasons relate to a variety offactors， includingreducedconcentration， an entertainmentmindset（心態(tài)）anda tendencyto multitask while consuming digital content.

When reading texts of several hundred wordsor more，learning is generally more successful when it'son paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits ofprint reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a readingpassage-toones thatrequire mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.

The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related topaper's physical properties. With paper，there is a literal laying on of hands，along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memoryofwhat they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.

But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called“shallowing hypothesis（假說）”．According to this theory，people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.

Audio（音頻）and video can feel more engaging than text，and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say，assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However，psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories， they remember more of the content than if they listen to or viewidentical pieces.

Digital texts，audio and video all have educational roles，especially when providing resources not available inprint.However，formaximizing learningwhere mental focusand reflection are called for，educatorsshouldn't assume all media are the same，even when they contain identical words.

文本分析：本文開篇提出觀點(diǎn)：用紙質(zhì)書閱讀和在電子屏幕閱讀的效果是不同的。緊接著指出相關(guān)的影響因素。文章第2-4段展開說明受到紙的物理特性影響，人們?cè)诜啎耐瑫r(shí)會(huì)將記憶與書本頁面相聯(lián)系，從而加深記憶；再者，當(dāng)我們?cè)陔娮悠聊簧祥喿x時(shí)，更多是帶著休閑娛樂的心態(tài)。這些因素使得閱讀電子書的效果打了折扣。最后兩段指出現(xiàn)在老師們?yōu)榱颂岣哒n堂參與度，會(huì)借助電子產(chǎn)品。但作者指出，為了提升閱讀效果，教育者需要考慮不同媒介的閱讀效果。

28.What does the underlined phrase “ shine through” in paragraph 2 mean？

A．Seem unlikely to last.

B. Seem hard to explain.

C. Become ready to use.

D. Become easy to notice.

解析：考查劃線詞組的意思。本句為長(zhǎng)句，可先找出主句的主干：Thebenefits shine through...，結(jié)合本段的前兩句“When...，learningis generallymoresuccessful when it’s on paper than on screen. A largeamount of researchconfirms this finding?！保ㄔ跁旧系膶W(xué)習(xí)效果比在屏幕上閱讀的效果好。大量的研究證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。）可知本段是在講述用紙質(zhì)材料進(jìn)行閱讀更加優(yōu)勝。再看回本句，主句的主干部分是“好處…”，而好處指的是閱讀紙質(zhì)書的好處，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知答案為D.Becomeeasy tonotice（好處更為明顯）。

29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume？

A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.

B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.

C.People select digital texts randomly.

D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.

解析：題目考查的是假說的內(nèi)容是什么。結(jié)合下文：“According to this theory，people approach digitaltextswith a mindset suited to social media，which areoftennot so serious，and devote less mental effort thanwhentheyarereadingprint.”本句為長(zhǎng)句，主干部分為people approach digital text（人們閱讀數(shù)碼文本時(shí)），with短語部分是指人們的心態(tài)，更接近于使用社交媒體的心態(tài)，而which引導(dǎo)的從句進(jìn)一步解釋，notsoserious（沒那么認(rèn)真），從而可以找到答案為A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.

30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers？

A.They can hold students'attention.

B． They are more convenient to prepare.

C. They help develop advanced skills.

D. They are more informative than text.

解析：?jiǎn)枮楹卧絹碓蕉嗟拇髮W(xué)老師使用音頻和視 頻（進(jìn)行教學(xué)）？利用題干，我們找到“Audioand video can feel more engaging than text，and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies...” so之 前為因，即“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text（比起文本，音頻和視頻更為吸引人）”， 可知答案為A. Theycanholdstudents'attention.

31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph？

A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.

B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.

C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.

D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.

解析：作者在最后一段暗示了什么。本段有兩句，兩句都為長(zhǎng)句。第一句大意是在教育上，電子閱讀方式有它們的優(yōu)勢(shì)。利用”however”這一關(guān)鍵詞，第二句大意是，但是，為了讓學(xué)習(xí)效果最大化，當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)需要學(xué)生集中精神和反思時(shí)，教育者不能認(rèn)為所有的閱讀媒介的效果是一樣的，所以作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的仍是紙質(zhì)書的重要性，可知本題的答案為C．Printtextscannotbe entirelyreplaced ineducation.

[例2］2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷B篇

Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read？ Yes，we all have our phones，but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.

Well，there'sa kiosk（小亭）for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area，at least.

“You enter the fare gates（檢票口）and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one - minute，a three-minute，or a five-minute story，” says AliciaTrost，thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSan

Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.

It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.Some are classic short stories，and some are new original works.

Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artistsin the Bay Areato submit storiesfora contest，' Trost says.“And as of right now， we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”

Ridership on transit（交通）systems across the country has been down the past half century，so could short stories save transit？

Trost thinks so.

“ At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience.SoIabsolutelythink we will get moreriders just because of short stories，”she says.

And you'll never be without something to read.

文本分析：本文介紹了舊金山灣區(qū)火車站（BART）設(shè)立了小亭，它可以為乘客提供不同時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的紙質(zhì)閱讀文本。負(fù)責(zé)人還組織了故事創(chuàng)作比賽，讓讀者可以讀到更多當(dāng)?shù)刈骷宜鶎懙墓适隆６?xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人也相信，因?yàn)橛辛诵⊥ぬ峁┑亩坦适拢?dāng)?shù)氐能囌緯?huì)吸引更多的乘客。

24.Why did BART start the kiosk program？

A. To promote the local culture.

B. To discourage phone use.

C. To meet passengers’needs.

D. To reduce its running costs.

解析：本題問舊金山灣區(qū)火車站（BART）為何要設(shè)立小亭。借助第二段：“Well，there'sakiosk（小亭）forthat”，for表原因，that指代前文出現(xiàn)過的內(nèi)容，順藤摸瓜，上文第一段的內(nèi)容：Doyoueverget to the train station and realize you forgot to bringsomething to read？ Yes，we all have our phones，butmany of us still like to go old school and read somethingprinted.（你是否遇到這樣的情況，當(dāng)去到火車站時(shí)才想起忘記帶點(diǎn)東西去閱讀？是的，我們都有手機(jī)，但我們大多數(shù)人仍然是老派作風(fēng)，想要閱讀紙質(zhì)的東西。）因此答案為C．To meet passengers'needs.

25.How are the stories categorized in the kiosk？

A. By popularity. B. By length.

C．By theme. D. By language.

解析：?jiǎn)栃⊥ぬ峁┑募堎|(zhì)閱讀材料是如何分類的。從第三段“You enter the fare gates...and it tellsyoucan geta one-minute，a three-minute，ora five-minute story，”，還有“You choose which length youwant and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”，可以知道是按長(zhǎng)度分類，答案B。

26.What has Trost been doing recently？

A．Organizing a story contest.

B.Doing a survey of customers.

C．Choosing a print publisher.

D.Conducting interviews with artists.

解析：?jiǎn)朤rost最近在做什么。從第五段Trost所 說的“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” （我們呼吁灣區(qū)的藝術(shù)家參加我們的比賽，提交他們的 故事）。由此可知答案為A.Organizing a story contest.

27.What is Trost’s opinion about BART's future？

A. It will close down.

B.Its profits will decline.

C.It will expand nationwide.

D.Its ridership will increase.

解析：?jiǎn)朤rost對(duì)舊金山灣區(qū)火車站未來的看法。從第6-8段可知，在過去半個(gè)世紀(jì)，乘客正在減少，“ so could short stories save transit？ Trost thinks so.”（短故事是否能拯救交通運(yùn)輸呢？Trost認(rèn)為是可以的。）以及“‘At the end...SoIabsolutely thinkwewill get more riders just because of short stories，'shesays.”（我堅(jiān)定地相信，有了這些紙質(zhì)的短故事，我們會(huì)有越來越多的乘客。）可知答案為D.Itsridershipwill increase.

[例3]2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷七選五

Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want tobepublished，it'svitalto submitaperfect， professionally presented manuscript（原稿）.36No editorislikelyto toleratea writerwhodoesnottake the trouble to spell words correctly.

I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionaryand thesaurus（同義詞詞典）．I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.37Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer ahard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford English Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.

38It should give you a precise definition of eachword，thusdifferentiating it from otherwordswhose meanings are similar，but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.

In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course，with its 2，672 pages，it's not exactly short. It contains around 163，00O words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39However，if Ineed to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage， there's nothingbetter.

Forwell over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionaryof theEnglish Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull（乏味）work，”wrote Johnson， illustrating one definition of“dull” 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.

A.I don’t often use this dictionary.

B.It takes no account of the context.

C.But I still don't want to replace them.

D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.

E. Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling.

F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.

G. Dictionariesdon’t always give you enough

文本分析：作者在面對(duì)在線詞典與紙質(zhì)詞典時(shí)，更相信紙質(zhì)字典。接著作者提到幾本自己使用的字典及其作用。如日常使用的是ConciseOxfordEnglishDictionary和CollinsThesaurus兩本字典；如果需要了解某個(gè)單詞的起源、單詞具體用法的例子等，則會(huì)查閱Shorter Oxford Dictionary；最后還談到了SamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage這一最具影響力的字典，說明查閱紙質(zhì)字典自有其樂趣。

36解析：在本空的前一句寫著“it'svitaltosubmitaperfect，professionally presented manuscript（關(guān)鍵是呈交一份完美的、專業(yè)的稿件）”，本空的關(guān)鍵就在 perfect，因此選擇F．That meansgoodgrammarandno spellingmistakes.（那意味著語法正確且沒有拼寫錯(cuò)誤）。指示代詞that指代上文it'svital...這句話，good grammar and no spelling mistakes則與上一句的perfect，professionallypresented 相呼應(yīng)。

37解析：本空的前一句是I don't trust mylaptop'sspellchecker.（我不信手提電腦上的拼寫檢查器），而后面講到盡管有大量的在線詞典可以選擇，但作者仍選擇紙質(zhì)詞典。因此，作為銜接句，我們利用代詞一致性，前文出現(xiàn)spellchecker，找到選項(xiàng)B.It takesnoaccountof thecontext.（它沒有考慮上下文），這是目前電子詞典的局限，也是作者不信電子詞典的原因，可以銜接上文。

38解析：下文兩個(gè)句子都提到Itshould giveyou....Itwillalsousuallyshow...這說明前文提及某種物品的作用，而下文提到的功能包含了giveyou aprecisedefinitionofeachword（給每個(gè)詞下簡(jiǎn)潔的定義），show how the word ispronounced（單詞如何發(fā)音），因此答案為E．Of course，a dictionary is not onlyforspelling.（字典不僅是用于查詞的拼寫），正好與后面兩句的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。

39解析：解題的關(guān)鍵在于下文的However，表轉(zhuǎn)折，其后的內(nèi)容寫出了作者在何者情況下會(huì)使用上文提到的字典。于是答案為A．I dontoftenuse thisdictionary．（我不經(jīng)常使用這本字典）。

40解析：本段提及的是一百多年來最具影響力的字典，在本空之前是引用了字典中Johnson在解析dull一詞時(shí)的話語—“編制字典的過程是乏味的”，而在本空后的內(nèi)容是“花幾分鐘時(shí)間查閱字典是一件值得做的事情”，兩句話中間缺少了一個(gè)過度轉(zhuǎn)折，于是找到答案D.But a dictionarycan be apleasuretoread．（但閱讀字典卻是有趣的）。

題目考查方向及應(yīng)對(duì)方法

這三篇文章的內(nèi)容接近學(xué)生的日常生活，容易理解。但題目本身并不簡(jiǎn)單，如Ⅰ卷D篇的28、29題考查的是對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解，I卷D篇的31題，Ⅱ卷B篇的24、27題，Ⅰ卷的七選五閱讀題，需要理解上下文的意思，把握篇章段落大意，才能找到相應(yīng)的答案。這就需要運(yùn)用高階的閱讀思維能力，即對(duì)篇章的把握能力。那我們又應(yīng)該如何提高相應(yīng)的能力呢？

1．找句子主干

在理解長(zhǎng)難句方面，要學(xué)會(huì)尋找句子主干，也就是whodoes/did（what），讓長(zhǎng)句變短。如基礎(chǔ)薄弱，則利用好謂語動(dòng)詞三單、過去式、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形等謂語形式，借此找到句子謂語，而句首的名詞一般為句子主語，這樣一來長(zhǎng)句可以變短，便于理解句子的核心意思。

閱讀的材料，可以利用好課文的句子。以人教版必修二Unit 1 From problems to solutions 一文為例，文章的生詞多，長(zhǎng)句也多，難度較大，但它恰好也是我們學(xué)習(xí)提取長(zhǎng)句主干的材料。如第一段最后一句：Finding and keeping the right balance between progressand the protection of cultural sites /can be /a bigchallenge．這一長(zhǎng)句有19個(gè)單詞，看似不好理解，但學(xué)生只要找到句子謂語canbe，那前面長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的部分則為動(dòng)名詞短語充當(dāng)主語，再借助介詞短語 between..and...，句子的意思就清晰了。

另一句則是在最后一段：Perhaps the best example/is shown by UNESCO，/which runs /a programme /thatprevents world cultural heritage sites /around the worldfromdisappearing.我們借助逗號(hào)和which引導(dǎo)的非限定從進(jìn)行斷句，再利用動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式找到runs，prevents，則找到了非限定從中所包含的定語從句，這樣這句含有23個(gè)詞的長(zhǎng)句，則劃分為三個(gè)短句，意思也就好理解了。而當(dāng)我們養(yǎng)成找主干的閱讀習(xí)慣，在完成I卷D篇的29題時(shí)，“Accordingto thistheory，/peopleapproach/digital texts/with amindsetsuited to social media，which are /often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than /when they are readingprint.”，即便面對(duì)32個(gè)單詞的長(zhǎng)句，也能學(xué)會(huì)找到主干，正確斷句，從而簡(jiǎn)化題目。

2.循序漸進(jìn)培養(yǎng)篇章意識(shí)

在把握段落大意、篇章大意方面，則可以借助思維導(dǎo)圖的形式。以人教版必修二Unit1Fromproblemstosolutions一文為例，在完成課文閱讀后，不妨以小組為單位，完成本文的思維導(dǎo)圖，其目的是再次閱讀文章，鞏固、復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)詞匯。我們?cè)谥刈x中再次思考文章的內(nèi)容，正所謂“讀書百遍，其義自見”。

其次，在完成思維導(dǎo)圖過程中，面對(duì)長(zhǎng)句時(shí)，需要思考如何將課本語言轉(zhuǎn)化為自己的語言，其中一種容易操作的方式，就是前面所提到的“找句子主干”；這在無形中強(qiáng)化了讀懂長(zhǎng)句的技能。所謂的技能，是要在多次的練習(xí)中才能轉(zhuǎn)化為自己的本領(lǐng)。

在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，我們不妨利用課本材料：如選擇性必修一Unit2 Smart homesmake life easier一文，文章有標(biāo)題，文內(nèi)還有小標(biāo)題，這樣文章的結(jié)構(gòu)也就相對(duì)清晰，畫思維導(dǎo)圖相對(duì)容易一些。我們可以先以小組為單位，大家討論并共同完成所學(xué)文章的思維導(dǎo)圖，形成思維意識(shí)，而后再逐步提升對(duì)自己的要求，如由小組合作變?yōu)椤皢未颡?dú)斗”，獨(dú)立完成任務(wù)。在完成思維導(dǎo)圖之后，可以請(qǐng)老師幫你們作出評(píng)價(jià)和反饋，這樣有助于大家進(jìn)步得更快。

希望以上兩個(gè)方法能對(duì)大家有所幫助。回歸到試題的內(nèi)容，在手機(jī)、電腦日益普及的今天，傳統(tǒng)書籍是否沒有價(jià)值了呢？答案是否定的。正如這幾篇文章告訴我們的，使用電子屏幕閱讀是比較方便，但我們也容易分心。而閱讀書本時(shí)，我們會(huì)更認(rèn)真，專注于理解文字、長(zhǎng)句、篇章，這有助于提升閱讀效果，這也是為何高考一直強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀、偏愛書本。閱讀應(yīng)該日常，哪怕在排隊(duì)時(shí)的1分鐘、3分鐘也能閱讀。

至于像字典這樣的工具書，雖然現(xiàn)在使用電子辭典更為方便，但使用電子書，人們?nèi)菀淄瑫r(shí)進(jìn)行多個(gè)任務(wù)，比如邊看視頻邊查詞典，這會(huì)讓學(xué)習(xí)的效果大打折扣。所以希望大家能認(rèn)識(shí)到書籍的價(jià)值，并擴(kuò)大閱讀量。當(dāng)我們培養(yǎng)起良好的閱讀習(xí)慣和思維，在學(xué)習(xí)的路上勤動(dòng)腦、多思考，那在面對(duì)高考的閱讀題時(shí)，才能感受到“輕舟已過萬重山”。

【作者簡(jiǎn)介：高中英語一級(jí)教師，在《華南師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》上發(fā)表論文1篇，在《廣東教育·高中》上發(fā)表文章30余篇。曾先后獲得龍湖區(qū)“優(yōu)秀教師”“優(yōu)秀共產(chǎn)黨員”“汕頭市優(yōu)秀青年教師”“汕頭市優(yōu)秀教師”等榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)；所寫論文獲廣東教育學(xué)會(huì)2023年度學(xué)術(shù)討論會(huì)征文比賽一等獎(jiǎng)，2016至今連年參加汕頭市、龍湖區(qū)舉辦的青年教師基本功比賽、教學(xué)資源征集比賽等，多次獲得市、區(qū)一、二等獎(jiǎng)】

責(zé)任編輯 吳昊雷