Approximately 2.3 billion people globally cook using open fires or inefficient stoves， primarily fueled by kerosene， biomass， and coal， leading to severe household air pollution. This pollution causes non-communicable diseases such as stroke， heart disease， chronic obstructive pulmonary disease， and lung cancer， with women and children being the most affected. In 2020， household air pollution resulted in 3.2 million deaths， including 237，000 children under the age of 5. It is crucial to promote the use of clean energy sources like solar and electricity. Gas stoves also pose health risks as the indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and benzene increase after cooking， potentially exacerbating respiratory diseases， triggering asthma， and raising the risk of cancer. It is recommended to ventilate during cooking or use air purifiers to improve indoor air quality.

全球約23億人使用明火或低效爐灶烹飪。它們以煤油、生物質(zhì)和煤炭為燃料，造成嚴重的家庭空氣污染，導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)、心臟病、慢性阻塞性肺病和肺癌等非傳染性疾病，婦女和兒童受影響最嚴重。2020年，家庭空氣污染造成320萬人死亡，包括23.7萬名5歲以下兒童。推廣太陽能、電力等清潔能源至關(guān)重要。燃氣爐也存在健康風(fēng)險，烹飪后室內(nèi)二氧化氮和苯的濃度上升，可能加重呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、引發(fā)哮喘、增加患癌幾率。建議在烹飪時通風(fēng)或使用空氣凈化器，以改善室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量。