[摘要]
急性腦梗死是危害公民生命健康的最主要疾病之一。炎癥反應(yīng)與急性腦梗死的發(fā)生發(fā)展進(jìn)程密切相關(guān),炎性標(biāo)志物水平的高低可反映炎癥反應(yīng)的嚴(yán)重程度。外周血單核細(xì)胞與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比值(MHR)作為近年來(lái)新應(yīng)用的代表炎癥反應(yīng)程度的指標(biāo),受到廣泛關(guān)注。本文就外周血MHR與急性腦梗死的高危因素、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)、早期功能惡化、嚴(yán)重程度評(píng)估、出血轉(zhuǎn)化及預(yù)后等方面的關(guān)系進(jìn)行綜述。
[關(guān)鍵詞]"腦梗死;單核細(xì)胞;膽固醇,HDL;綜述
[中圖分類號(hào)]"R743.33
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]"A
Research advances in the association between peripheral blood monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and acute cerebral infarction
HAO Chenyu, LUAN Huiwen, CHEN Xuecong, ZHANG Bin, TIAN Yuhe, SHI Baolin
(School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China)
[ABSTRACT] Acute cerebral infarction is one of the most important diseases that endanger the life and health of citizens. Inflammatory response is closely associated with the development and progression of acute cerebral infarction, and the levels of inflammatory markers can reflect the severity of inflammation. In recent years, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) has attracted wide attention as a newly applied indicator for the degree of inflammatory response. This article reviews the association between peripheral blood MHR and acute cerebral infarction in terms of high-risk factors, risk prediction, early functional deterioration, severity assessment, hemorrhagic transformation, and prognosis.
[KEY WORDS] Brain infarction; Monocytes; Chdesterol, HDL; Review
急性腦梗死是臨床上一種常見的腦血管疾病,在我國(guó)具有高致殘率、高復(fù)發(fā)率和高死亡率等特點(diǎn)[1]。在急性腦梗死的各個(gè)階段,炎癥和免疫反應(yīng)發(fā)揮著重要作用,炎性反應(yīng)也是急性腦梗死后繼發(fā)性腦損傷的重要原因[2]。近年來(lái),單核細(xì)胞與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比值(MHR)作為一種新的炎性標(biāo)志物受到廣泛關(guān)注。在臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)指標(biāo)中單核細(xì)胞、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDLC)作為常規(guī)參數(shù),容易獲取并且經(jīng)濟(jì)快捷。其次,構(gòu)成MHR的兩個(gè)生化指標(biāo)單核細(xì)胞和HDLC既參與了炎癥發(fā)生過(guò)程,又參與了抗炎過(guò)程,相較于單一指標(biāo)更能反應(yīng)炎癥程度。MHR中的單核細(xì)胞是炎癥反應(yīng)的起始細(xì)胞,由單核細(xì)胞分化而成的巨噬細(xì)胞,是泡沫細(xì)胞的前體細(xì)胞,也是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化起始階段的重要炎性細(xì)胞[3-4]。單核細(xì)胞是在缺血后炎癥反應(yīng)中起重要作用的細(xì)胞,在腦梗死發(fā)生早期,單核細(xì)胞會(huì)快速聚集到缺血區(qū)域,通過(guò)釋放炎性介質(zhì)加速血腦屏障破壞[5-6];MHR中HDLC與單核細(xì)胞在炎癥反應(yīng)中的作用相反,可誘導(dǎo)泡沫細(xì)胞中的膽固醇外排,啟動(dòng)膽固醇逆向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)途徑,促進(jìn)膽固醇向肝內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移[7-8],降低腦梗死發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外HDLC還具有抗炎和抗氧化作用[9],屬于拮抗動(dòng)脈硬化及防止斑塊形成的保護(hù)性因子[10]。因此,MHR作為單核細(xì)胞和HDLC的復(fù)合標(biāo)志物,被發(fā)現(xiàn)是心血管疾?。?1]、免疫系統(tǒng)疾?。?2]和風(fēng)濕性疾病[13]的新的預(yù)后標(biāo)志物,越來(lái)越多的研究也表明MHR與急性腦梗死過(guò)程的關(guān)系密切。
1"MHR與急性腦梗死高危因素的關(guān)系
1.1"MHR與高血壓
高血壓是發(fā)生急性腦梗死的高危因素[14-15],炎癥反應(yīng)和氧化應(yīng)激導(dǎo)致的血管內(nèi)皮損傷對(duì)其發(fā)生發(fā)展起著重要作用,目前高血壓與MHR的相關(guān)性研究多圍繞高血壓所致并發(fā)癥與MHR的關(guān)系。KAPLAN等[16]使用MHR預(yù)測(cè)高血壓終末器官的損害狀況,發(fā)現(xiàn)高血壓相關(guān)性器官損害患者的MHR明顯高于無(wú)高血壓并發(fā)癥患者。國(guó)外另一項(xiàng)臨床研究探究了原發(fā)性高血壓患者的MHR與無(wú)癥狀性亞臨床靶器官損害間的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示MHR與患者的頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜、心臟、腎臟等靶器官損傷呈正相關(guān),且MHR升高是患者發(fā)生無(wú)癥狀性器官損害的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[17]。GEMBILO等[18]通過(guò)對(duì)214例慢性腎臟病患者的回顧性分析結(jié)果顯示,頑固性高血壓患者的MHR明顯高于非頑固性高血壓,多元回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,MHR升高是高血壓發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。在YAYLA等[19]的另一項(xiàng)關(guān)于高血壓患者M(jìn)HR與動(dòng)脈彈性受損的研究中,高M(jìn)HR患者的主動(dòng)脈硬化程度明顯高于低MHR患者,表明較高的MHR與動(dòng)脈彈性受損存在明顯相關(guān)性。
1.2"MHR與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化
動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化是引起動(dòng)脈狹窄或閉塞,造成急性腦梗死
的關(guān)系也被廣泛研究。OMAR等[22]在對(duì)MHR與急性腦梗死患者頸動(dòng)脈病變關(guān)系的研究中,首次發(fā)現(xiàn)頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化患者可能具有較高的MHR,MHR也被發(fā)現(xiàn)是急性腦梗死患者頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生的影響因素。MAYASARI等[23]關(guān)于糖尿病患者M(jìn)HR與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生的相關(guān)性研究亦顯示,MHR與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生呈獨(dú)立相關(guān)。另一項(xiàng)納入了8 148例患者的大規(guī)模人群橫斷面調(diào)查研究同樣發(fā)現(xiàn),MHR是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的相關(guān)性指標(biāo),MHR與急性腦梗死發(fā)生率呈顯著正相關(guān)[24]。
1.3"MHR與血栓形成
血栓的形成和栓塞是造成急性腦梗死的又一高危因素,急性腦梗死的主要病理生理機(jī)制是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化導(dǎo)致的斑塊破裂,從而導(dǎo)致腦動(dòng)脈內(nèi)血栓形成及血流中斷,而炎癥反應(yīng)在血栓的形成、機(jī)化消退等方面發(fā)揮重要作用[25]。一項(xiàng)納入3 848例體檢人員的回顧性分析表明,MHR或可作為判斷頸動(dòng)脈斑塊形成及其嚴(yán)重程度的標(biāo)志物[26]。ARISOY等[27]關(guān)于MHR與心肌梗死(心梗)患者冠狀動(dòng)脈(冠脈)血栓負(fù)荷量的研究中,將414例接受經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療的心?;颊叻譃榱说脱ㄘ?fù)荷組和高血栓負(fù)荷組,其中高血栓負(fù)荷組的MHR明顯高于低血栓負(fù)荷組,且多因素logistic回歸分析顯示MHR升高是心?;颊吖诿}高血栓負(fù)荷的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。另一方面,心房顫動(dòng)(房顫)引發(fā)的血栓形成與脫落,是造成心源性腦梗死的重要危險(xiǎn)因素,而炎癥反應(yīng)參與了心房基質(zhì)的改變,與房顫的發(fā)生與發(fā)展有關(guān)[28]。ULUS等[29]的研究顯示,MHR升高是老年冠脈綜合征患者行冠脈介入治療術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。ADILI等[30]通過(guò)回顧性分析131例瓣膜病房顫患者射頻消融術(shù)后3個(gè)月復(fù)發(fā)概率與MHR的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)MHR是房顫射頻術(shù)后早期復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
2"MHR與急性腦梗死發(fā)生的關(guān)系
國(guó)外的一項(xiàng)基于大樣本普通人群的橫斷面研究證明,MHR與急性腦梗死發(fā)生間存在線性關(guān)系,并且比傳統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)因素具有更高預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,可能是預(yù)測(cè)急性腦梗死發(fā)生的更優(yōu)生物標(biāo)志物[24]。劉新萍等[31]通過(guò)比較154例急性腦梗死患者和184例正常健康查體者的MHR,發(fā)現(xiàn)MHR升高可能是腦梗死發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。LIU等[32]的回顧性研究納入253例確診為急性腦梗死的患者和211例健康體檢者,發(fā)現(xiàn)MHR及單核細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(MLR)升高均是急性腦梗死發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,且與單個(gè)指標(biāo)相比,兩者共同升高更具預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。
3"MHR與急性腦梗死早期神經(jīng)功能惡化的關(guān)系
較高的MHR可能預(yù)測(cè)急性腦梗死患者的早期神經(jīng)功能惡化情況,并可能與病情嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)和臨床研究表明,腦梗死急性期局灶性腦損傷后,神經(jīng)細(xì)胞死亡誘發(fā)了一系列炎癥級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng),這些反應(yīng)以膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化、外周免疫細(xì)胞募集和細(xì)胞因子釋放為主要特點(diǎn),引起外周血白細(xì)胞遷移至缺血性腦組織,炎癥因子集中在病變部位和周圍組織中并且持續(xù)數(shù)周,參與了急性腦梗死后的繼發(fā)性腦損傷[33]。一項(xiàng)對(duì)173例接受靜脈溶栓治療的腦梗死患者的研究顯示,入院時(shí)MHR高是接受靜脈溶栓的急性腦梗死患者早期神經(jīng)功能惡化的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,入院MHR對(duì)溶栓后是否發(fā)生早期神經(jīng)功能惡化具有一定預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[34]。BI等[35]回顧性分析了212例急性孤立性腦橋梗死患者的臨床資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)MHR升高可作為預(yù)測(cè)腦橋梗死早期神經(jīng)功能惡化的生物標(biāo)志物。一項(xiàng)納入154例急性腦梗死患者的研究分別以NHISS評(píng)分和梗死灶體積作為評(píng)定腦梗死嚴(yán)重程度的指標(biāo),研究結(jié)果顯示NHISS評(píng)分較高患者的MHR明顯高于NHISS評(píng)分較低患者,梗死體積≥5 cm3患者的MHR明顯高于梗死體積<5 cm3患者,說(shuō)明MHR與急性腦梗死的神經(jīng)功能缺損程度及腦組織梗死體積均有關(guān)[31]。
4"MHR與急性腦梗死后機(jī)械取栓治療的關(guān)系
機(jī)械取栓術(shù)是急性大動(dòng)脈閉塞所致腦梗死的重要治療方法之一[36-37],相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道稱急性腦梗死患者行機(jī)械性血栓切除術(shù)后再通率可達(dá)90%以上[38-40]。然而,取栓后患者的預(yù)后受到許多因素影響,其中炎癥反應(yīng)對(duì)取栓后缺血再灌注過(guò)程有明顯影響[41-43]。OH等[44]對(duì)411例接受機(jī)械性血栓切除術(shù)治療的急性腦梗死患者的預(yù)后影響因素進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果顯示預(yù)后不良患者的MHR顯著高于預(yù)后良好患者,說(shuō)明高M(jìn)HR可能是機(jī)械性血栓切除術(shù)后患者預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。LI等[45]收集了286例接受機(jī)械性血栓切除術(shù)治療的急性缺血性腦梗死患者的臨床資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)較高的MHR是機(jī)械性血栓切除術(shù)患者術(shù)后前3個(gè)月預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。故而,MHR對(duì)于機(jī)械性血栓切除術(shù)后患者預(yù)后評(píng)估具有一定價(jià)值。
5"MHR與腦梗死出血轉(zhuǎn)化的關(guān)系
腦梗死的出血轉(zhuǎn)化是指急性腦梗死后缺血區(qū)域血管重新恢復(fù)血流,導(dǎo)致缺血區(qū)域產(chǎn)生再灌注損傷繼發(fā)出血,是急性腦梗死常見并發(fā)癥[46]。越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,急性腦梗死后炎癥反應(yīng)參與了腦梗死的出血轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程[47-48]。WANG等[49]對(duì)MHR與腦梗死后出血轉(zhuǎn)化的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了相關(guān)性研究,將974例影像學(xué)診斷為腦梗死出血轉(zhuǎn)化的患者根據(jù)是否存在腦梗死臨床表現(xiàn),分為無(wú)癥狀組和有癥狀組,該研究結(jié)果顯示MHR的升高與腦梗死出血轉(zhuǎn)化呈正相關(guān),MHR升高時(shí)癥狀性腦梗死出血轉(zhuǎn)化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)升高,高水平MHR可作為預(yù)測(cè)腦梗死后出血轉(zhuǎn)化的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。XIA等[50]的另一項(xiàng)回顧性研究分析了340例急性腦梗死患者溶栓治療前MHR與治療后出血轉(zhuǎn)化間關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)較高水平MHR是急性腦梗死溶栓后發(fā)生出血轉(zhuǎn)化的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。與此相同,ZHANG[51]等的一項(xiàng)研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),MHR是急性腦梗死后出血轉(zhuǎn)化的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
6"MHR與腦梗死預(yù)后的關(guān)系
越來(lái)越多研究表明,MHR可能與腦梗死后的預(yù)后情況有顯著相關(guān)性,較高水平的MHR可能是腦梗死患者預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[52]。LIU等[53]的研究納入1 090例急性腦梗死患者,研究結(jié)果表明預(yù)后不良組的MHR顯著高于預(yù)后良好組,且MHR升高與急性腦梗死發(fā)病3個(gè)月后的不良預(yù)后呈獨(dú)立相關(guān),MHR是影響急性腦梗死患者預(yù)后的重要影響因素,且相比于其他炎性因子更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。蘇玉蓉等[54]一項(xiàng)關(guān)于MHR與腦梗死預(yù)后的臨床研究也有相似結(jié)論。LI等[55]在MHR與大動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化型腦梗死的相關(guān)性研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),功能預(yù)后不良患者的MHR明顯高于功能預(yù)后良好患者。另一項(xiàng)研究對(duì)985例接受溶栓治療的急性腦梗死患者進(jìn)行早期(術(shù)后前3個(gè)月)預(yù)后分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)溶栓前MHR較低可能與早期良好預(yù)后相關(guān)[32]。另有國(guó)外研究發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)病后24 h內(nèi)死亡的急性腦梗死患者較存活患者M(jìn)HR更高,且MHR是急性腦梗死發(fā)病30 d內(nèi)病死率高的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[56]。另外,在一項(xiàng)關(guān)于急性腦梗死后相關(guān)性肺炎的報(bào)道中同樣顯示,較高M(jìn)HR可以預(yù)測(cè)急性腦梗死后相關(guān)性肺炎的發(fā)生情況[57-58]。因此,對(duì)MHR的檢測(cè)有助于早期識(shí)別急性腦梗死預(yù)后不良患者,從而在臨床上及早進(jìn)行干預(yù),以減少不良預(yù)后事件發(fā)生。
7"小結(jié)及展望
外周血MHR作為近年來(lái)新興的炎癥指標(biāo),能較好反應(yīng)急性腦梗死后機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)程度,MHR與急性腦梗死的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、神經(jīng)功能惡化、取栓療效、并發(fā)癥及預(yù)后等方面均有較強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性。但急性腦梗死發(fā)生后,一方面外周血MHR受腦動(dòng)脈側(cè)支循環(huán)、機(jī)體應(yīng)激程度及炎癥敏感性等諸多因素影響,另一方面MHR與不同類型急性腦梗死的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及預(yù)后的關(guān)系也有所不同[59],這也是MHR預(yù)測(cè)急性腦梗死發(fā)病、治療以及預(yù)后的局限性。另外,目前對(duì)于MHR與頸動(dòng)脈斑塊穩(wěn)定性的關(guān)系,以及兩者在預(yù)測(cè)急性腦梗死發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、腦梗死嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后方面的靈敏度及特異度的研究仍相對(duì)較少。因此外周血MHR是否可以作為指導(dǎo)急性腦梗死患者診療的生物標(biāo)志物,仍需大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)室及臨床研究提供理論依據(jù)。
作者聲明:郝晨宇、時(shí)寶林參與了研究設(shè)計(jì),郝晨宇、欒慧文、陳學(xué)叢、張彬、田雨禾參與了論文的寫作和修改。所有作者均閱讀并同意發(fā)表該論文,且均聲明不存在利益沖突。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1]CHEN Z H, JIANG B, RU X J, et al. Mortality of stroke and its subtypes in China: Results from a nationwide population-based survey[J]. Neuroepidemiology, 2017,48(3-4):95-102.
[2]SHI K B, TIAN D C, LI Z G, et al. Global brain inflammation in stroke[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2019,18(11):1058-1066.
[3]GANJALI S, GOTTO A M Jr, RUSCICA M, et al. Monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases[J]. J Cell Physiol, 2018,233(12):9237-9246.
[4]ACIKGOZ N, KURTOLU E, YAGMUR J, et al. Elevated monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and endothelial dysfunction in behet disease[J]. Angiology, 2018,69(1):65-70.
[5]WANG C Y, PETRIELLO M C, ZHU B B, et al. PCB 126 induces monocyte/macrophage polarization and inflammation through AhR and NF-κB pathways[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2019,367:71-81.
[6]SHAHNEH F, CHRISTIAN PROBST H, WIESMANN S C, et al. Inflammatory monocyte counts determine venous blood clot formation and resolution[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2022,42(2):145-155.
[7]WANG Q, MENG Y, CAO W Y, et al. Association of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus[J]. Biomark Med, 2018,12(4):359-364.
[8]BCK M, YURDAGUL A Jr, TABAS I, et al. Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: Mediators and therapeutic opportunities[J]. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2019,16(7):389-406.
[9]HAMBURG N M, CREAGER M A. Pathophysiology of intermittent claudication in peripheral artery disease[J]. Circ J, 2017,81(3):281-289.
[10]EBTEHAJ S, GRUPPEN E G, PARVIZI M, et al. The anti-inflammatory function of HDL is impaired in type 2 diabetes: Role of hyperglycemia, paraoxonase-1 and low grade inflammation[J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2017,16(1):132.
[11]GROH L, KEATING S T, JOOSTEN L A B, et al. Monocyte and macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis[J]. Semin Immunopathol, 2018,40(2):203-214.
[12]OUIMET M, BARRETT T J, FISHER E A. HDL and reverse cholesterol transport[J]. Circ Res, 2019,124(10):1505-1518.
[13]OSSOLI A, REMALEY A T, VAISMAN B, et al. Plasma-derived and synthetic high-density lipoprotein inhibit tissue factor in endothelial cells and monocytes[J]. Biochem J, 2016,473(2):211-219.
[14]CAREY R M, WHELTON P K, ACC/AHA HYPERTENSION GUIDELINE WRITING COMMITTEE 2017. Prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: Synopsis of the 2017 American college of cardiology/american heart association hypertension guideline[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2018,168(5):351-358.
[15]YANG K, ZHU X D, FENG Y L, et al. Abnormal blood pressure circadian rhythms are relevant to cerebral infarction and Leukoaraiosis in hypertensive patients[J]. BMC Neurol, 2020,20(1):36.
[16]KAPLAN I G, KAPLAN M, ABACIOGLU O O, et al. Mo-
nocyte/HDL ratio predicts hypertensive complications[J]. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2020,121(2):133-136.
[17]AYDIN E, ATES I, FETTAH ARIKAN M, et al. The ratio of monocyte frequency to HDL cholesterol level as a predictor of asymptomatic organ damage in patients with primary hypertension[J]. Hypertens Res, 2017,40(8):758-764.
[18]GEMBILLO G, SILIGATO R, CERNARO V, et al. Monocyte to HDL ratio: A novel marker of resistant hypertension in CKD patients[J]. Int Urol Nephrol, 2022,54(2):395-403.
[19]YAYLA K G, CANPOLAT U, YAYLA , et al. A novel marker of impaired aortic elasticity in never treated hypertensive patients: Monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio[J]. Acta Cardiol Sin, 2017,33(1):41-49.
[20]HOLMSTEDT C A, TURAN T N, CHIMOWITZ M I. At-
herosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis: Risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2013,12(11):1106-1114.
[21]劉瑩,毛森林,張本平,等. 頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化在腦梗死中作用研究的進(jìn)展[J]. 心血管康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2021,30(2):222-225.
[22]OMAR T, KARAKAYALI M, YESIN M, et al. Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with the presence of carotid artery disease in acute ischemic stroke[J]. Biomark Med, 2021,15(7):489-495.
[23]MAYASARI D S, TAUFIQ N, HARIAWAN H. Association of monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein ratio with arterial stiffness in patients with diabetes[J]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2021,21(1):362.
[24]WANG H Y, SHI W R, YI X, et al. Assessing the perfor-
mance of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio for predicting ischemic stroke: Insights from a population-based Chinese cohort[J]. Lipids Health Dis, 2019,18(1):127.
[25]WU C Q, LU W, ZHANG Y, et al. Inflammasome activation triggers blood clotting and host death through pyroptosis[J]. Immunity, 2019,50(6):1401-1411.e4.
[26]XI J, MEN S S, NAN J Z, et al. Correction: The blood monocyte to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a possible marker of carotid artery plaque[J]. Lipids Health Dis, 2022,21(1):144.
[27]ARISOY A, ALTUNKA F, KARAMAN K, et al. Association of the monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio with thrombus burden in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction[J]. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2017,23(8):992-997.
[28]SCOTT L Jr, LI N, DOBREV D. Role of inflammatory signaling in atrial fibrillation[J]. Int J Cardiol, 2019,287:195-200.
[29]ULUS T, ISGANDAROV K, YILMAZ A S, et al. Predictors of new-onset atrial fibrillation in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention[J]. Aging Clin Exp Res, 2018,30(12):1475-1482.
[30]ADILI A, WANG Y L, ZHU X Y, et al. Preoperative monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio predicts early recurrence after radiofrequency maze procedure of valvular atrial fibrillation[J]. J Clin Lab Anal, 2021,35(2):e23595.
[31]劉新萍,佡劍非. 急性腦梗死病人單核細(xì)胞/高密度脂蛋白比值的臨床意義[J]. 中西醫(yī)結(jié)合心腦血管病雜志, 2020,18(6):973-976.
[32]LIU H L, ZHAN F, WANG Y Z. Evaluation of monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in ischemic stroke[J]. J Int Med Res, 2020,48(7):300060520933806.
[33]FLETCHER E K, WANG Y L, FLYNN L K, et al. Deficiency of MMP1a (matrix metalloprotease 1a) collagenase suppresses development of atherosclerosis in mice: Translational implications for human coronary artery disease[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2021,41(5):e265-e279.
[34]趙妮,夏斌,汪靖園. 單核細(xì)胞與高密度脂蛋白比值對(duì)急性腦梗死患者靜脈溶栓后早期神經(jīng)功能惡化的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值分析[J]. 山西醫(yī)藥雜志, 2022,51(1):36-39.
[35]BI X W, LIU X Q, CHENG J Q. Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio is associated with early neurological deterioration in acute isolated pontine infarction[J]. Front Neurol, 2021,12:678884.
[36]BERKHEMER O A, FRANSEN P S S, BEUMER D, et al. A rando-
mized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015,372(1):11-20.
[37]CAMPBELL B C V, MITCHELL P J, KLEINIG T J, et al. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015,372(11):1009-1018.
[38]SAVER J L, GOYAL M, BONAFE A, et al. Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015,372(24):2285-2295.
[39]GOYAL M, DEMCHUK A M, MENON B K, et al. Rando-
mized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015,372(11):1019-1030.
[40]JOVIN T G, CHAMORRO A, COBO E, et al. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015,372(24):2296-2306.
[41]KIM J Y, PARK J, CHANG J Y, et al. Inflammation after ischemic stroke: The role of leukocytes and glial cells[J]. Exp Neurobiol, 2016,25(5):241-251.
[42]DUAN Z H, WANG H M, WANG Z, et al. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts functional and safety outcomes after endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke[J]. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2018,45(5-6):221-227.
[43]SWITOSKA M, SOMKA A, KORBAL P, et al. Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-mo-
nocyte ratio with treatment modalities of acute ischaemic stroke: A pilot study[J]. Medicina, 2019,55(7):342.
[44]OH S W, YI H J, LEE D H, et al. Prognostic significance of various inflammation-based scores in patients with mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke[J]. World Neurosurg, 2020,141:e710-e717.
[45]LI X B, WU F, JIANG C, et al. Novel peripheral blood cell ratios: Effective 3-month post-mechanical thrombectomy prognostic biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke patients[J]. J Clin Neurosci, 2021,89:56-64.
[46]LVAREZ-SABN J, MAISTERRA O, SANTAMARINA E, et al. Factors influencing haemorrhagic transformation in ischaemic stroke[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2013,12(7):689-705.
[47]GLIEM M, SCHWANINGER M, JANDER S. Protective features of peripheral monocytes/macrophages in stroke[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2016,1862(3):329-338.
[48]GLIEM M, MAUSBERG A K, LEE J I, et al. Macrophages prevent hemorrhagic infarct transformation in murine stroke models[J]. Ann Neurol, 2012,71(6):743-752.
[49]WANG Y N, CHENG Y J, SONG Q H, et al. The association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke[J]. Aging, 2020,12(3):2498-2506.
[50]XIA L F, XU T, ZHAN Z X, et al. High ratio of monocytes to high-density lipoprotein is associated with hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients on intravenous thrombolysis[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2022,14:977332.
[51]ZHANG R R, JIN F F, ZHENG L L, et al. Neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio is associated with hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke[J]. J Inflamm Res, 2022,15:6073-6085.
[52]YANG N, HU L Q, HAN Y L. The association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and clinical prognosis of acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis therapy[J]. Medicine, 2023,102(40):e35338.
[53]LIU H B, LIU K, PEI L L, et al. Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio predicts the outcome of acute ischemic stroke[J]. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2020,27(9):959-968.
[54]蘇玉蓉,黎志勇,李煥生,等. 初診缺血性腦卒中患者單核細(xì)胞/高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比值與預(yù)后關(guān)系的臨床研究[J]. 中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥, 2021,28(13):85-88.
[55]LI Y Y, CHEN D Q, SUN L F, et al. Monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio predicts the prognosis of large artery atherosclerosis ischemic stroke[J]. Front Neurol, 2021,12:769217.
[56]SHAMS G M, SALEH A A, SAEED A M, et al. Age-related macular degeneration in patients with androgenetic alopecia: Could the monocyte/HDL ratio be the link?[J]. Dermatol Pract Concept, 2023,13(4):e2023285.
[57]GKANTZIOS A, TSIPTSIOS D, KARAPEPERA V, et al. Monocyte to HDL and neutrophil to HDL ratios as potential ischemic stroke prognostic biomarkers[J]. Neurol Int, 2023,15(1):301-317.
[58]SUN Y M, LU J, ZHENG D N, et al. Predictive value of monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio for stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with acute ischemic stroke[J]. Acta Neurol Belg, 2021,121(6):1575-1581.
[59]XU Q, WU Q, CHEN L, et al. Monocyte to high-density li-
poprotein ratio predicts clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack[J]. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2023,29(7):1953-1964.
(本文編輯"范睿心"厲建強(qiáng))