隨著生活水平的提高、城市空間規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)需求及相應(yīng)技術(shù)手段的變化，未來(lái)的風(fēng)景園林行業(yè)需要經(jīng)由技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展途徑，圍繞社會(huì)、環(huán)境等一系列問題，提出景觀的解決方案，改善生活品質(zhì)。智能化是從“人工”到“自動(dòng)”再到“自主”的過程。在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和人工智能等技術(shù)的支持下，景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)逐漸具備靈敏感知、精準(zhǔn)判斷、自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)和有效執(zhí)行等特征，即景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)及管理逐漸智能化。智能化的數(shù)字技術(shù)應(yīng)用于景觀中的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)與管理，滿足新需求或創(chuàng)造智慧場(chǎng)景即為智慧景觀。

“精準(zhǔn)化、科學(xué)化”是景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)智能化的動(dòng)因，信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展使景觀智能化成為可能。傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)依賴設(shè)計(jì)師的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)體的協(xié)作，項(xiàng)目周期較長(zhǎng)，而城市化發(fā)展加深了人與自然的矛盾，規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)需要更精細(xì)的項(xiàng)目資料收集、更全面的設(shè)計(jì)分析、更周密的協(xié)作。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)編織起了連接各種事物、各種信息技術(shù)、各個(gè)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)節(jié)的智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)。借此，景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了海量數(shù)據(jù)的采集和分析，能夠?qū)崟r(shí)感知變化、靈活且科學(xué)地調(diào)整策略，得以保障人流、物流、能量流和信息流高效流動(dòng)，提升管理者的整體反應(yīng)能力，促進(jìn)移動(dòng)、智能、互聯(lián)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和行業(yè)協(xié)作，打破各個(gè)“孤島”之間的壁壘，從而為智慧景觀提供有效的實(shí)施途徑。智慧景觀通過數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)將景觀項(xiàng)目數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、可視化。通過物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，在智慧景觀中構(gòu)建出動(dòng)態(tài)變化且相互關(guān)聯(lián)的“人與物”和“物與物”的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境，對(duì)接收的數(shù)據(jù)或信息進(jìn)行分析并做出決策。信息空間與物理空間相融合，讓景觀與人之間能夠高效交互。智能化數(shù)字技術(shù)的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景不僅關(guān)注互動(dòng)景觀及藝術(shù)裝置，同時(shí)推動(dòng)城市結(jié)構(gòu)向服務(wù)于高效便捷生活的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。景觀智能化規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)影響著城市景觀建設(shè)、改造以及管理的各個(gè)方面。

未來(lái)，在實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的智能景觀中，應(yīng)充分借鑒自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的性質(zhì)和機(jī)制，并融入景觀的設(shè)計(jì)之中，實(shí)現(xiàn)自然與人、機(jī)的高度融合，這將成為未來(lái)景觀智能化規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)必不可少的一部分。此外，智能景觀應(yīng)具備遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)理念，充分考慮現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和人類需求，注重科學(xué)性和交互性。在此背景下，需要專家學(xué)者積極引入各專業(yè)的技術(shù)力量，從多層面進(jìn)行智能化景觀規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)探索，助力智慧景觀的發(fā)展。

Landscape Intelligent Planning and Design

With the improvement in living standards, as well as changes in demands for urban space planning and design and advancements in corresponding technical means, the future of the landscape architecture industry needs to follow the approach of technological innovation and sustainability by putting forward landscape solutions and improving the quality of life around social, environmental and other issues.Intelligentization is the process from“manual”to “automatic”and then to “autonomous”.In the support of IoT,big data, Internet, AI and other technology, landscape planning and design have gradually acquired such characteristics as sensitive perception, accurate judgment, adaptive learning and effective implementation; in other words,landscape planning, design and management gradually become intelligent.By deploying intelligent digital technology in landscape planning, design and management, new needs can be met and intelligent scenarios can be created,that is the so called intelligent landscape.

“Accurate and scientific”orientation is the motive of intelligent landscape planning and design, and the development of information technology makes it possible to realize intelligent landscapes.Traditional planning and design rely on the experience of designers and the collaboration among design groups,resulting in long project delivery periods.However, urbanization has deepened the contradictions between human and nature; therefore, planning and design entail increasingly refined project data collection, more comprehensive design analytics, and more elaborate collaboration.IoT weaves an intelligent network that can connect various things, information technologies, and planning and design sections.Thanks to these progresses, massive data can be collected and analyzed for landscape planning and design, changes can be perceived in real time, strategies can be adjusted flexibly and scientifically.As a result, the efficient flow of people, logistics, energy and information is guaranteed; the overall responsiveness of managers is enhanced; the construction of mobile,intelligent and interconnected infrastructure as well as industry collaboration is promoted; and barriers between various “silos”are broken down.Thus,an effective way is provided for implementing intellect landscapes.Driven by data, intellect landscapes can digitize, network and visualize landscape projects.By virtue of IoT technology, dynamically changing and mutually connected network environments for “people and things”and “things and things”can be built up in intelligent landscapes, so as to analyze the received data or information and make decisions.The integration of information space and physical space allows for efficient interaction between landscape and human.The application scenarios of intelligent digital technology would not only focus on interactive landscapes and art installations, but would also promote the transformation of urban structures to the direction of serving the efficient and convenient life.Intelligent landscape planning and design are affecting all aspects of urban landscapes’construction, transformation and management.

In the future, in order to deliver sustainable intelligent landscapes, the nature and mechanism of natural ecosystems should be fully referenced and integrated into the design of landscapes, so as to achieve a high degree of convergence between nature, human and machines.This will become an integral part of intelligent landscape planning and design in the future.In addition, intelligent landscapes should be endowed with visionary design concepts, giving full consideration to the development trend of modern technology and the needs of human, while paying attention to scientificity and interactivity.In this context, it is necessary for experts and scholars to actively utilize the technical strength of various professions, so as to explore intelligent landscape planning and design on multiple levels and boost the development of intelligent landscapes.

Acquiring editor of the current issue: HU Yike

June 25, 2023