袁小林?于弟

狀語主要為主句提供時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等信息。相應(yīng)地，狀語從句也分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等狀語從句。

下面以習(xí)近平總書記“綠水青山就是金山銀山”這句名言的英譯為例，學(xué)習(xí)狀語從句的基本用法。

Clear water and green mountains are equal to mountains of gold and silver．

此英譯準(zhǔn)確清楚地表達(dá)了這句名言的意義。下面將它轉(zhuǎn)換成各種狀語從句。

一、時(shí)間狀語從句

When water is clear and mountains are green，there will be mountains of gold and silver.當(dāng)水綠山青時(shí)，就有了金山銀山。

這是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句（主將從現(xiàn)）。

There must be clear water and green mountains before there are mountains of gold and silver.在金山銀山之前應(yīng)該先有青山綠水。

這是before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。

時(shí)間狀語從句通常由when，whenever，since，before，after，as，as soon as，once，till，hardly…when等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。

二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句

Where there is clear water and green mountains，there are mountains of gold and silver.有綠水青山的地方，就有金山銀山。

這是where 引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。和下面英語諺語為同一句式：

Where there is a will，there's a way.有志者，事竟成。

當(dāng)然也可以用“主將從現(xiàn)”句式：

Where there is clear water and green mountains，there will be mountains of gold and silver.有綠水青山的地方，就有金山銀山。

地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where，wherever，anywhere等引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞通常在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

三、原因狀語從句

As there is clear water and green mountains，there are mountains of gold and silver.因?yàn)橛芯G水青山，所以有金山銀山。

這是as 或 because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。

原因狀語從句通常由because，as，since，for，now that等引導(dǎo)。又如：

We should keep water clear and mountains green because they equal to mountains of gold and silver.我們應(yīng)該保持水綠山青，因?yàn)樗鼈兙褪墙鹕姐y山。

四、條件狀語從句

If there is clear water and green mountains，there will be mountains of gold and silver.如果有了綠水青山，就有金山銀山。

這是if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。

條件狀語從句主要由if，unless，as long as，on condition that，in case等引導(dǎo)。又如：

As long as we keep water clear and mountains green，our environment will be better and better.只要我們保持水綠山青，我們的環(huán)境就會(huì)越來越好。

五、目的狀語從句

We should keep on trying in order that there will be clear water and green mountains.為了能夠有綠水青山，我們必須繼續(xù)努力。

這是in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。

目的狀語從句一般由so that，in order than，for fear that，in case等引導(dǎo)。又如：

We should keep water clear and mountains green so that there will be mountains of gold and silver.為了能有金山銀山，我們必須保持水綠山青。

六、結(jié)果狀語從句

We have kept water clear and mountains green，so that there are mountains of gold and silver.我們一直努力保持水綠山青，所以有了金山銀山。

這是so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。

結(jié)果狀語從句通常由that，so that，so…that 或such…that 等引導(dǎo)。又如：

We have kept mountains so green and water so clear that they are equal to mountains of gold and silver.我們將山水保持得如此青、如此綠，所以它們就是金山銀山。

七、讓步狀語從句

Although water is clear and mountains are green，we will try to keep water clearer and mountains greener.雖然水綠山青，但我們要努力保持水更綠山更青。

這是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

讓步狀語從句由though，although，as ，whether，even if，even though，while，however，whatever，no matter how/what/who等引導(dǎo)，又如：

Whatever/No matter we do，we should try to keep water clear and mountains green.不管我們做什么，我們必須努力保持水綠山青。

八、方式狀語從句

We will try to keep water as clear and mountains as green as if they were mountains of gold and silver.我們要保持水綠山青就好像它們就是金山銀山一樣。

這是as...as 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。

記住習(xí)近平總書記名言“綠水青山就是金山銀山”的英語表達(dá)，理解并學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用各種狀語從句。

責(zé)任編輯吳昊雷