莎瑪有限公司

當前，世界上已經(jīng)有超過20%的人口超過60歲。正是因為許多地方正邁入老齡化社會，我們必須反思一個問題：如何建設我們的城市，讓每個人在退休后都能過上有意義的生活？

健康小鎮(zhèn)項目旨在探索未來社區(qū)的新典范，目前已經(jīng)成為泰國第一個面向老年人的綜合開發(fā)項目，其涵蓋了住宅、商業(yè)單元和醫(yī)院。該項目以“可持續(xù)的自然環(huán)境”“健康養(yǎng)生”“社區(qū)歸屬感”作為規(guī)劃設計原則，以“隱退”“參與”和“創(chuàng)造”為概念設計了多樣化的活動，提高全方位的生活體驗，滿足老年人的需求。這些將與我們的“健康的7個維度”——關于有益于老年生活的方法與路徑的初步研究，一起融入景觀設計中，以實現(xiàn)真正的“峽谷森林中的社區(qū)”。

健康小鎮(zhèn)項目坐落于湄南河河漫灘上，位于曼谷郊區(qū)的巴吞他尼府。在過去，該地塊以其低地農(nóng)業(yè)和季節(jié)性泛濫的洪水為人所知。隨著時間的流逝，該區(qū)域逐漸出現(xiàn)成排的辦公大樓、住房和基礎設施。由于城市化的發(fā)展破壞了水系的疏導，這給曼谷及其郊區(qū)造成了嚴峻的洪澇災害風險，如2011年泰國洪災事件和雨季的季節(jié)性山洪。因此，健康小鎮(zhèn)在設計時充分考慮到普通大眾和周圍的場地，除了采用典型的填埋方法外，還采用了“圩田系統(tǒng)”，將洪水攔截在威脅到公共設施之前，并將雨水儲存起來。這種方式有效緩解了城市地區(qū)洪水的壓力，如果在城市周邊都采用此方法開發(fā)建設，將有助于治理洪水并實現(xiàn)韌性的城市生活。

圖1 總平面圖Master plan

圖2 A-A剖面圖A-A cross section

盡管項目完整的總體規(guī)劃包括所有的綜合設施，但現(xiàn)在只完成了58 332 m2的一期建設，其中包括健康小鎮(zhèn)的社區(qū)健康中心和吞武里布拉納醫(yī)院以及低層住宅群1區(qū)和2區(qū)。該項目專門創(chuàng)造了22 485 m2的綠色空間，這相當于占了場地面積的40%，超過了30%的綠地率標準要求。

1 可持續(xù)的自然環(huán)境

與自然和諧共處可以促進人們的身心健康。該項目的植物選擇在株高、形態(tài)和花色上各不相同，包括多年生植物、濱水植物、地被植物。為了營造類似森林的環(huán)境，植物不是以有序的方式組成，而以混合種植的方式布局在各個綠化區(qū)域。這些植物所形成的群落能觸發(fā)生態(tài)演替的過程，促進植物的生長，并隨著時間的推移實現(xiàn)自我更新演替。

水資源管理系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)⒂昙镜慕邓A存起來，并在旱季將其充分利用?！靶∠弊鳛榕潘幚硐到y(tǒng)中主要部分貫穿整個場地，與“生態(tài)濕地”一起收集地表徑流。經(jīng)過初步過濾的雨水順著小溪流入“生態(tài)池”中，進一步實現(xiàn)儲蓄與二級處理。因此，雨季泛濫的洪水經(jīng)過該系統(tǒng)處理后，可作為項目灌溉的水資源被重新利用，維護項目全年的綠色空間。該韌性生態(tài)系統(tǒng)基本上可以為鳥類、水生動物、昆蟲和松鼠等城市野生動物提供食物來源和棲息地，維持場地和周邊地區(qū)的生物多樣性。

圖3 設計概念“峽谷森林中的社區(qū)”Concept: Community in The Ravine Forest

圖4 健康小鎮(zhèn)項目的水資源管理系統(tǒng)Water management of Jin Wellbeing County

2 健康養(yǎng)生

“無障礙設計”也是本項目的首要任務，小鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)所有設施都與坡道相連并設無障礙通道出入口，上下坡平緩且無臺階，均配備扶手。無障礙的設計為老年人和殘障人士提供了便捷，在緊急情況下救護車也能順利通行。沿著小路每隔30～50 m設有座椅，老年人隨時可停下休息。為減少老年人滑倒的風險，路面采用粗糙的鋪地材料。同時路邊設置了充足的照明，保證了夜間活動的安全。

位于小鎮(zhèn)健康中心和吞武里布拉納醫(yī)院附近的療愈花園是小鎮(zhèn)中的一處亮點，建造療愈花園的目的是為了促進人們的身心健康。在色彩斑斕、香氣四溢的花園中，使用者的視覺、聽覺、味覺、嗅覺和觸覺5種感官都能被充分調(diào)動，從而使得全身心的健康水平得到提升。場地設計了由各種粗糙石頭鋪設的反射療法步道，可用來做腳底按摩，此外還設計了3種專門用于理療的步道，包括平路、坡路和臺階。所有的步道都配備了扶手，護理人員可以陪同使用者一起行走，幫助他們恢復身體機能。

3 社區(qū)歸屬感

“代際共融生活”是項目的核心特色理念之一，它將獨立生活、家庭生活和護理生活結合起來，旨在構建動態(tài)的、具有活力的社區(qū)精神。為了讓更多人“參與”到社區(qū)生活中，空間規(guī)劃設計上增加了促進社交發(fā)生的機會，以便鼓勵各種活動之間能夠產(chǎn)生交流互動，如鍛煉休閑區(qū)域和沿溪聚會點的布置方式。此外，綠色植物環(huán)繞中布設私密的座位和戶外桌子，構成一種“隱退”的氛圍。同時，項目中的可食花園能“創(chuàng)造”一些聚餐和舉辦工作坊的機會，引導和鼓勵社區(qū)成員終身學習。

圖5 峽谷森林的鳥瞰Aerial view of The Ravine Forest

圖6 郁蔥綠植中的小溪Lush creek within the landscape

此外，在小鎮(zhèn)健康中心前規(guī)劃了一處人工瀑布，進一步營造了濕潤的雨林氛圍。草坪和公共泳池的設計為人們提供了集體鍛煉的場所，在這里人們可以悠閑地享受時間，或是沿著場地周邊的跑道慢跑。同時，在二層設置有25 m的標準泳池、兒童泳池、社交泳池、按摩池和泳池平臺，滿足不同人群的需求和生活方式。

總而言之，健康小鎮(zhèn)是一個充滿寧靜感與代際共融精神的生活綜合體，在與自然和生物多樣性的和諧相處中，提高居住者的生活質(zhì)量與幸福感。

（編輯/王一蘭）

項目名稱：健康小鎮(zhèn)

地點：泰國巴吞他尼府蘭實區(qū)

景觀設計：莎瑪有限公司

設計總監(jiān)：普拉潘·納帕翁迪

風景園林 師：納帕約恩·斯里查特旺、瓦拉維·賈姆松布恩、帕維達·布瓦勒特、普魯克薩喬爾·查查萬查潘、蒂塔-切爾基德蒂庫爾、蘇皮卡·蘇加姆賽

園藝師：蘇帕魯克·鮑里克、塔尼·薩瓦斯迪

施工經(jīng)理：蒂蒂瓦特·欽塔納維奇

客戶和開發(fā)商：暹羅多康有限公司

建筑師：開箱建筑有限公司

室內(nèi)設計師：PIA室內(nèi)設計有限公司、Fine Dec有限公司

機械電器工程：Technical Consultant co., ltd.

土建結構工程：威實工程顧問有限公司

主要承包商：暹羅多康有限公司

軟體景觀承包商：M.J.花園有限公司

項目類型：多功能混合社區(qū)（低層住宅、醫(yī)院與健康中心）

竣工年份：2016—2020年（第1期）

照片來源：全景工作室、納蓬·賈圖拉普卡蓬蓬

翻譯：張芷彤校對：陳崇賢

圖7 橋上沿途的座椅Seating along the bridge

圖8 可食花園Edible garden

As many parts of the world are becoming an aging society — where more than 20% of the population are older than 60 years old, we need to rethink how we build our city for everyone to live meaningfully after retirement.

Seeking a new typology of future communities,“Jin Wellbeing County” has become the first senior oriented mixed-use development in Thailand comprising residence, commercial unit, and hospital.Its planning focuses on 3 principles— “sustainable nature”, “physical wellbeing”,and “sense of community”, responding to seniors’ needs.Diverse activity dynamics are designed through “retreat”, “engage” and“create” concepts which enhance all-round living experience.Together with our initial research on“The Seven Dimensions of Wellness,” marking beneficial approaches for aging life, all aspects are embedded in the landscape design to truly achieve“Community in the Ravine Forest.”

Located in the Chao Phraya Flood Plain, the site of Jin Wellbeing County in Pathum Thani,the suburb of Bangkok, is previously known for agricultural lowland, which gets flooded seasonally.Nonetheless, as time passed by, the area gradually became urbanized by rows of buildings, housings,and infrastructure, leaving the possibility of severe flooding.By blocking the flow of water, Bangkok and its suburbs have faced critical phenomena such as 2011 Thailand Floods and regular flash floods during the rainy season.As a result, Jin Wellbeing County is designed thoughtfully with a consideration to the public and surrounding site, by adopting “Polder System,” which helps retain water before releasing to public amenity, apart from doing typical landfill methods.This approach potentially helps maintain flood in urban areas, leading to a resilient living, if used in every site around the city.

Despite the full-phase masterplan with all mixed-use facilities, the project is now completed within 58,332 square meters of Phase I which comprises Jin Wellness Institute and Thonburi Burana Hospital and Low-rise Residential Cluster 1 and 2.The project exclusively offers 22,485 square meters of green spaces — both on-ground and on-structure, which equals to 40% of the site area,exceeding the 30% standard requirement.

1 Sustainable Nature

A perfect harmony with nature will surely enhance people’s physical and mental health.Plants selection varies in heights, forms and flower colors,including perennials, shoreline trees, ground cover plants.To imitate a forest, they are arranged all over softscape areas by mixing up, rather than in an orderly composition.They can trigger the“ecological succession” process, allowing every species to grow mutually and substitute the older ones naturally over time.

圖9 綠蔭環(huán)繞的泳池Exercising in the pool amidst greenery

Water management system functions in handling flooding on wet seasons and supplying adequate water on dry seasons.“Creek” is proposed through the middle of the site as a main drainage and treatment system, along with“bioswales,” gathering runoff water from the outer part.Primarily purified water will flow along the way into “biopond,” used for retention and secondary treatment.It, therefore, provides reused water for irrigation and keeps the project green all year.This resilient ecosystem essentially becomes food sources and habitats for ‘urban wildlife’ such as birds, aquatic animals, insects and squirrels,playing a role in maintaining biodiversity and even exchanging such systems with nearby areas.

2 Physical Wellbeing

圖10 療愈花園Therapeutic garden

圖11 生態(tài)池上的連接橋Access bridge over biopond

圖12 花園中的座椅Seating details in the garden

As “universal design” main priority, all programs are connected with “All-ramp access,”sloping up and down with equipped handrails and no additional stepping.These pathways allow seniors and handicaps to stroll around safely.Ambulance can also easily pass through during an emergency.Seating are placed at every 30-50 meters distance along the paths, where elderly can take a rest from time to time.Rough surface materials are used to reduce the risk of slippering, along with adequate lighting for night time usage.

The Therapeutic Garden, located nearby Jin Wellness Institute and Thonburi Burana Hospital is one highlight that ensures physical wellness.It encourages users to exercise their five senses —sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch to achieve holistic health, among colorful and fragrant species.Here, doing feet massage is attainable at the reflexology path designed with various sets of rough stones.There are also special trails for physical therapy designed in 3 patterns — flat road,slope path, steps.All are equipped with handrails,allowing caretakers to walk together and encourage them to rebuild their strengths.

3 Sense of Community

“Multi-generation living” is another key feature, where independent living, family, and assisted living are united to build community spirit with activity dynamics.In order to “engage,”space planning is designed to add a “chance of meeting,” encouraging cross activity interaction such as exercise area and enclaves of gathering spots along the creek.Yet, there are also private seating niches and secluded outdoor tables among greenery, offering a sense of “retreat.” After all, an edible garden allows to “create” some dining and workshop together, leading to lifelong learning.

Moreover, in front of Jin Wellness Institute are the cascade, offering moisturizes forest atmosphere,green lawn and swimming pool for group exercise,where people can enjoy taking time, as well as running along the site’s jogging track.Likewise, at the 2nd floor, there are 25-meters standard pool,children pool, social pool, jacuzzi pool and pool deck, suitable for different needs and lifestyles.

To conclude, Jin Wellbeing County surely is a living complex full of serenity and multigeneration spirit amidst a seamless harmony with nature and biodiversity, flourishing good quality of life.

(Editor / WANG Yilan)

Name of Project:Jin Wellbeing County

Location:Rangsit, Pathumthani, Thailand

Landscape Architect:Shma Company Limited

Design Director:Prapan Napawongdee

Landscape Architect:Napajorn Srichatsuwan, Worawe Jamsomboon, Pawida Bualert,Prueksachol Chutchawanchaiphan,Thita Cherdkiadtikul, Supika Sukjamsai

Horticulturist:Supaluk Paorik, Tanee Sawasdee

Construction Manager:Thitiwat Chintanavitch

Client & Developer:Thonburi Wellbeing Co., Ltd.

Architect:Openbox Architects co., ltd.

Interior Designer:PIA Interior co., ltd., Fine Dec co., ltd.

M&E:Mitr Technical Consultant co., ltd.

C&S Engineering:Wisit Engineering Consultant co., ltd.

Main Contractor:Siam Multi Cons Co., Ltd.

Softscape Contractor:M.J.Gardens Co.,Ltd.

Project Type:Mixed-Use (Low-rise Residential + Hospital +Wellness Center)

Completion Year:2016–2020 (Phase 1)

Photograph Credit:Panoramic Studio, Napon Jaturapuchapornpong

Translator:ZHANG Zhitong

Proofreader:CHEN Chongxian