胡偉珍 陳嬋嬋 薛琴丹 單培仁
[摘要] 目的 通過對經(jīng)皮冠脈介入止血技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)性研究來指導國內(nèi)相關(guān)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。 方法 使用檢索式(percutaneous coronary intervention)AND (hemostasis)對Web of science、Scopus和Pubmed數(shù)據(jù)庫1993年1月至2020年12月期間的經(jīng)皮冠脈介入圍術(shù)期止血技術(shù)相關(guān)文獻進行檢索和分析。 結(jié)果 美國在該領(lǐng)域優(yōu)勢較大,研究機構(gòu)中心性較低。研究熱點包括血管造影術(shù)、經(jīng)皮冠脈介入、人工壓迫和止血器等。近年來研究主要關(guān)注比較穿刺位點(股動脈 vs. 橈動脈)和止血方式(壓迫 vs. 封閉器)的預后。 結(jié)論 止血器能夠減少出血并發(fā)癥,改善患者預后。我國研究參與度較低,應開展以護理為主導的多學科研究。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入;橈動脈;文獻學分析;止血裝置;并發(fā)癥
[中圖分類號] R195.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2022)12-0104-03
[Abstract] Objective To guide the development of related technologies in China through systematic research on hemostasis technique during percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods The literature on perioperative hemostasis during percutaneous coronary intervention from January 1993 to December 2020 in the databases of Web of science, Scopus and Pubmed was searched and analyzed by using the search form (percutaneous coronary intervention) and (hemostasis). Results The United States exhibited great advantages in this field,while the research institutions were less centralized.Research hotspots included angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, artificial compression and hemostat. In recent years, research focused on comparing the prognosis of puncture site (femoral artery vs. radial artery) and hemostasis mode (compression vs. obturator). Conclusion Hemostat can reduce bleeding complications and improve the prognosis of patients. There is relatively little research in this area in China and nursing-based multidisciplinary research should be undertaken.
[Key words] Percutaneous coronary intervention; Radial artery; Bibliometric analysis; Hemostatic device; Complication
近年來冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。╝therosclerotic coronary artery disease,CAD)患者群體年輕化[1],經(jīng)皮冠脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)顯著增長[2]。PCI具有侵入性小和住院時間短的優(yōu)勢[3],而出血是圍術(shù)期的常見并發(fā)癥[4]。傳統(tǒng)止血方法是人工壓迫,耗時且占用護理資源[5]。此外,服用抗栓藥物患者的人工壓迫不足以有效止血,導致住院延長和費用增加[6]。止血器具有定位準確、壓力可控等優(yōu)勢[7]。本研究通過對止血技術(shù)文獻學分析,了解相關(guān)熱點,指導國內(nèi)研究的開展。
1 資料與方法
1.1 文獻檢索
構(gòu)建檢索式(percutaneous coronary intervention)AND(hemostasis),對Web of science、Scopus和Pubmed數(shù)據(jù)庫1993年1月至2020年12月的經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入圍術(shù)期止血技術(shù)相關(guān)文獻進行檢索,獲得論著、綜述、會議記錄等464篇。
1.2 文獻類別篩選
閱讀文獻摘要,排除會議記要和信件等34篇,使用EndNote X7刪除33篇重復收錄文獻,最終納入論著和綜述共397篇。
1.3 研究對象處理及分析方法
將文獻導入Citespace 5.5.R1,提取研究機構(gòu)、國家、主題詞等信息構(gòu)建關(guān)聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡,使用Log-likelihood rate(LLR)算法進行聚類分析,并提取突顯詞做詞頻分析。
2 結(jié)果
相關(guān)研究始于二十世紀末,發(fā)文量呈逐漸增多。見圖1。
2.1 作者
發(fā)文量前十位研究員共發(fā)表36篇文獻(9.1%)。見表1。
2.2 研究機構(gòu)
發(fā)文量前十位研究機構(gòu)共發(fā)表50篇文獻(12.6%),中心性較低。見表2。
2.3 國家
美國在該領(lǐng)域優(yōu)勢較大,發(fā)表文獻175篇(44.1%)。見表3。
2.4 關(guān)鍵詞
熱點關(guān)鍵詞包括經(jīng)皮冠脈介入(percutaneous coronary intervention)、止血器(hemostasis)、心導管檢查(cardiac catheterization)、并發(fā)癥(complication)、血管成形術(shù)(angioplasty)、人工壓迫(manual compression)、血管造影術(shù)(angiography)、試驗(trial)、隨機試驗(randomized trial)、血管閉合器(vascular closure device)。見表4、封三圖3。
2.5 聚類分析
LLR聚類[8]生成8個群組包括口服抗凝劑(direct oral anticoagulants)、經(jīng)橈動脈(transradial)、穿刺部位(puncture site)、冠脈成形術(shù)(coronary angioplasty)、血小板功能分析儀(pfa-100)、大內(nèi)皮素(big endothelin)、抗血小板藥(antiplatelet drug)和血小板微泡(platelet microvesicles)。見封三圖4、封三圖5。
2.6 研究趨勢
突顯詞分析[9]顯示研究呈周期性發(fā)展,由手術(shù)術(shù)式向止血器械轉(zhuǎn)變。二十世紀末和2000年后分別圍繞冠脈成形術(shù)(coronary angioplasty)、冠脈介入(coro-nary intervention)向封閉器(closure device)和閉合器(suture mediated closure)轉(zhuǎn)變。見封三圖6。
3 討論
3.1 研究歷程
止血技術(shù)研究始于二十世紀末,美國發(fā)文數(shù)量和質(zhì)量均處于領(lǐng)先地位[10]??蒲袡C構(gòu)中心性低提示核心團隊未形成。我國研究參與度低,應重視和加強該領(lǐng)域的研究。
3.2 研究重點
3.2.1 出血并發(fā)癥? 出血是PCI常見并發(fā)癥[11],不同穿刺位點出血風險存在差異。與股動脈相比,經(jīng)橈動脈PCI的出血風險較低[12]。CENTURY Ⅱ隨訪研究顯示,急診經(jīng)橈動脈PCI的患者住院和隨訪期間出血并發(fā)癥較少(住院:1.7% vs. 6.2%,P<0.001;隨訪:2.7% vs. 9.6%,P<0.001)[13]。另一項針對10 590例冠脈慢性閉塞患者薈萃分析顯示,經(jīng)橈動脈PCI的大出血風險也較低(0.18% vs. 0.9%,P<0.001)[14],根據(jù)不同穿刺路徑應采取個體化止血策略。
3.2.2 藥物影響? 血小板活化是止血基礎(chǔ)[15]??寡“逅幬锇⑺酒チ謱CI術(shù)后止血影響呈多樣性。除抗栓作用外,停藥后會出現(xiàn)促血栓形成效應,這種血栓傾向與環(huán)氧合酶-2受抑制有關(guān)[16]。了解患者抗栓藥物的使用情況有利于優(yōu)化止血決策。
3.2.3 內(nèi)環(huán)境改變? 急性冠脈綜合征患者內(nèi)環(huán)境微泡增加,促進血小板聚集[17]。PFA-100采用閉合時間評估患者血小板聚集性[18]。血小板高聚集表現(xiàn)為充分抗栓后血小板活性仍正常。對于血小板高聚集的患者應適當縮短壓迫時間以降低血栓風險。
3.2.4 止血方法? 止血方法主要包括人工壓迫和止血器。薈萃分析顯示止血器可以減少圍術(shù)期并發(fā)癥如動靜脈瘺、假性動脈瘤等[20],縮短臥床時間,改善患者體驗。使用止血器的劣勢主要為學習曲線效應,應組織學習,加強使用止血器有效止血的培訓。
3.3 小結(jié)
經(jīng)皮冠脈介入圍術(shù)期止血技術(shù)的研究尚處于發(fā)展階段,我國研究數(shù)量和質(zhì)量均有待提高,應針對止血器開展以護理為主導的多學科研究。
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(收稿日期:2021-06-15)