王仕穎 孫崇崇 鄭丹雯 王曉雯 陳文芳
[摘要]目的 探討寶藿苷Ⅰ對1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶離子(MPP+)誘導SH-SY5Y人神經母細胞瘤細胞損傷保護作用及雌激素受體(ER)特異性阻斷劑ICI 182,780的阻斷效應。方法 將SH-SY5Y細胞接種于96孔板,用不同濃度(0.01、0.10、1.00、10.00、20.00 μmol/L)寶藿苷Ⅰ預保護24 h,加1 mmol/L MPP+作用24 h,用四甲基偶氮唑藍(MTT)法檢測細胞存活率。將SH-SY5Y細胞分為對照組、MPP+組、MPP++寶藿苷Ⅰ組、MPP++寶藿苷Ⅰ+ICI 182,780組和寶藿苷Ⅰ組,用免疫印跡法檢測各組細胞SymbolaA@-突觸核蛋白表達。結果0.10、1.00 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ能夠對抗MPP+誘導的SH-SY5Y細胞存活率降低,而10.00和20.00 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ會加重細胞的損傷(F=51.070,q=5.453~13.650,P<0.01)。與對照組比較,MPP+組α-突觸核蛋白表達明顯上調(F=7.913,q=5.709,P<0.01);0.10 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ預保護能明顯降低MPP+誘導的α-突觸核蛋白表達上調(q=3.485,P<0.05),此作用可以被ICI 182,780阻斷(q=4.350,P<0.05);單獨應用寶藿苷Ⅰ對α-突觸核蛋白的表達無明顯影響。結論 寶藿苷Ⅰ能夠抑制MPP+誘導的SH-SY5Y細胞損傷,其機制可能與ER信號途徑有關。
[關鍵詞]寶藿苷Ⅰ;1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶;受體,雌激素;細胞保護;神經母細胞瘤
[中圖分類號]R338.2 [文獻標志碼]A [文章編號]2096-5532(2022)03-0337-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2022.58.120
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BAOHUOSIDE Ⅰ AGAINST SH-SY5Y CELL DAMAGE INDUCED BY 1-METHYL-4-PHENYLPYRIDINIUM
WANG Shiying, SUN Chongchong, ZHENG Danwen, WANG Xiaowen, CHEN Wenfang
(Department of Phy-siology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the protective effect of baohuoside Ⅰ against human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and the blocking effect of ICI 182,780, a specific estrogen receptor (ER) blocker.
Methods SH-SY5Y cells were inoculated into 96-well plates, pre-protected with different concentrations of baohuoside Ⅰ (0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 10.00, and 20.00 μmol/L) for 24 h, and then treated with 1 mmol/L MPP+for another 24 h, and MTT assay was used to measure cell viability. SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group, MPP+group, MPP++baohuoside Ⅰ group, MPP++baohuoside Ⅰ+ICI 182,780 group, and baohuoside Ⅰ group, and Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression of α-synuclein in each group.Results Baohuoside Ⅰ at the concentrations of 0.10 and 1.00 μmol/L exerted a protective effect against the MPP+-induced reduction in SH-SY5Y cell viability, while baohuoside Ⅰ at the concentrations of 10.00 and 20.00 μmol/L aggravated cell damage (F=51.070,q=5.453-13.650,P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the MPP+group had a significant increase in the protein expression of α-synuclein (F=7.913,q=5.709,P<0.01), while pre-protection with 0.10 μmol/L baohuoside Ⅰ significantly inhibited the upregulation of α-synuclein induced by MPP+(q=3.485,P<0.05), which was blocked by ICI 182,780 (q=4.350,P<0.05), and baohuoside Ⅰ treatment alone had no significant effect on the protein expression of α-synuclein.
Conclusion Baohuoside Ⅰ can inhibit MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage, which may be associated with the ER signaling pathway.
[KEY WORDS] baohuosideⅠ;? 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium;? receptors, estrogen; cytoprotection; neuroblastoma
帕金森病(PD)是第二大常見的神經退行性疾病,主要病理表現(xiàn)為黑質致密部多巴胺(DA)能神經元的選擇性死亡[1]。研究結果表明,SymbolaA@-突觸核蛋白(SymbolaA@-synuclein)的過表達和錯誤折疊與PD的發(fā)展密切相關,它在病理狀態(tài)下易聚集形成不溶性的纖維蛋白沉淀,導致神經元變性死亡[2]。淫羊藿是一種傳統(tǒng)中草藥,在中國被廣泛用于治療骨質疏松癥、補腎壯陽、改善學習記憶功能等[3-5]。寶藿苷Ⅰ是淫羊藿的主要藥理活性成分之一,多項研究已經證實寶藿苷Ⅰ具有豐富的藥理作用,如抗腫瘤、抗骨質疏松等[6-7]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),寶藿苷Ⅰ可以通過抗氧化減輕大鼠的神經元損傷,還能夠通過雌激素受體(ER)抑制破骨細胞的分化和骨的吸收[8-9]。但是寶藿苷Ⅰ對DA能神經元的損傷是否具有保護作用尚未見報道。本研究應用1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶離子(MPP+)損傷人神經母細胞瘤SH-SY5Y細胞,探討寶藿苷Ⅰ對MPP+誘導神經細胞損傷的保護作用及其可能機制?,F(xiàn)將結果報告如下。
1材料與方法
1.1實驗材料
實驗所用SH-SY5Y細胞購自中國科學院上海細胞庫;寶藿苷Ⅰ購自上海同田生物技術有限公司,用二甲基亞砜(DMSO)配制成0.10 μmol/L溶液;MPP+購自Sigma公司,用磷酸鹽緩沖液配制成濃度10 mmol/L的溶液;ER特異性阻斷劑ICI 182,780購自Sigma公司;四甲基偶氮唑藍(MTT)購自Duchefa公司;DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)液和胎牛血清購自BI公司;青霉素/鏈霉素儲存液購自北京索萊寶科技有限公司;PAGE凝膠快速制備試劑盒購自雅酶公司;兔抗α-synuclein抗體和兔抗β-actin抗體購自CST公司;山羊抗兔IgG-HRP二抗購自雅酶公司;ECL發(fā)光液購自Vazyme公司。
1.2實驗方法
1.2.1細胞培養(yǎng)SH-SY5Y細胞分別接種于96孔板和6孔板內,加入含體積分數(shù)0.10胎牛血清、100 kU/L青霉素和100 mg/L鏈霉素的DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)液,在37 ℃、體積分數(shù)0.05 CO2條件下進行培養(yǎng)。
1.2.2MTT方法檢測細胞活力該實驗分為對照組(A組)、MPP+組(B組)、MPP++0.01 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ組(C組)、MPP++0.10 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ組(D組)、MPP++1.00 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ組(E組)、MPP++10.00 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ組(F組)、MPP++20.00 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ組(G組)。將SH-SY5Y細胞接種于96孔板,用不同濃度寶藿苷Ⅰ(前2組不用寶藿苷Ⅰ處理,后5組寶藿苷Ⅰ濃度分別為0.01、0.10、1.00、10.00、20.00 μmol/L)處理24 h,再加1 mmol/L 的MPP+(對照組除外)作用24 h,棄掉96孔板內的培養(yǎng)液,加5 g/L的MTT 20 μL,置37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱內孵育4 h;再將MTT輕輕吸出,每孔加入100 μL的DMSO溶解沉淀,室溫避光搖床孵育10 min,待沉淀完全溶解后,用酶標儀讀取光密度值,計算細胞存活率,根據(jù)細胞存活率篩選出寶藿苷Ⅰ的最佳用藥濃度。
1.2.3免疫印跡法(Western blot)檢測α-synuclein的表達用6孔板培養(yǎng)細胞,該實驗分為對照組、MPP+組、MPP++寶藿苷Ⅰ組、MPP++寶藿苷Ⅰ+ICI 182,780組、寶藿苷Ⅰ組。對照組和MPP+組的細胞分別給予體積分數(shù)0.001的DMSO和1 mmol/L 的MPP+處理;MPP++寶藿苷Ⅰ組細胞先應用0.10 μmol/L的寶藿苷Ⅰ預保護24 h,再給予1 mmol/L的MPP+作用24 h;MPP++寶藿苷Ⅰ+ICI 182,780組先應用1.00 μmol/L的ICI 182,780處理1 h,再給予寶藿苷Ⅰ和MPP+處理;寶藿苷Ⅰ組給予0.10 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ作用48 h。藥物處理細胞后,棄去細胞培養(yǎng)液,每孔加入裂解液(lysis∶PMSF=99∶1)100 μL,冰上裂解30 min后用細胞刮刮下蛋白,收集至1.5 mL的EP管中。在4 ℃下以12 000 r/min離心20 min,離心后取上清80 μL,使用BCA法測蛋白濃度。每組取15 μg蛋白上樣并進行電泳,電泳完成后轉膜,轉膜條件為300 mA、90 min。應用50 g/L脫脂奶粉將膜封閉1 h,加入α-synuclein、β-actin一抗,4 ℃搖床孵育過夜,再加入HRP標記山羊抗兔IgG二抗孵育1 h,使用ECL發(fā)光液顯影檢測。應用Image J軟件進行分析,目的蛋白的表達以α-synuclein與β-actin灰度值的比值表示。
1.3統(tǒng)計學處理
應用Graph Pad Prism 5.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計處理。實驗數(shù)據(jù)以x±s形式表示,多組比較采用單因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),并應用Newman-Keuls法進行兩兩比較。P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結果
2.1不同濃度寶藿苷Ⅰ對MPP+誘導的細胞存活率的影響
MTT檢測結果顯示,各組細胞存活率比較差異有顯著性(F=51.070,P<0.01)。組間兩兩比較,應用MPP+處理后,SH-SY5Y細胞存活率明顯下降(q=3.751,P<0.05);0.10、1.00 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ可有效對抗MPP+誘導SH-SY5Y細胞存活率下降(q=5.549、5.453,P<0.01),且寶藿苷Ⅰ在0.10 μmol/L時效果最顯著;而10.00和20.00 μmol/L的寶藿苷Ⅰ則會加重MPP+誘導的細胞損傷(q=6.408、13.650,P<0.01)。故選用0.10 μmol/L的寶藿苷Ⅰ進行后續(xù)實驗。見表1。
2.2寶藿苷Ⅰ對MPP+誘導的SH-SY5Y細胞α-synuclein蛋白表達的影響
Western blot結果顯示,各組細胞α-synuclein蛋白表達比較差異有顯著性(F=7.913,P<0.01)。組間兩兩比較,與對照組相比,MPP+組SH-SY5Y細胞中α-synuclein蛋白表達水平明顯增高(q=5.709,P<0.01);而MPP++寶藿苷Ⅰ組細胞中α-synuclein蛋白表達水平較MPP+組明顯降低(q=3.485,P<0.05);ICI 182,780預處理可以阻斷寶藿苷Ⅰ的神經保護作用(q=4.350,P<0.05);寶藿苷Ⅰ單獨應用對α-synuclein蛋白的表達無明顯影響。見圖1。
3討論
PD主要的病理改變?yōu)槁芬仔◇w的堆積和黑質致密帶DA能神經元的變性死亡,其機制與α-synuclein的聚集有關[2,10-12]。Parkin蛋白通過與神經突觸素-1相互作用引起α-synuclein的泛素化,從而促進路易小體的形成[13]。研究表明,過度表達的α-synuclein可抑制囊泡內吞而影響神經傳遞過程,并且通過破壞DA的合成、儲存、回收、再攝取和流出而導致PD[14]。
近年來,大量研究已證實傳統(tǒng)中草藥活性成分可以改善PD模型的病理進程[15]。本課題組前期的工作已證實,淫羊藿主要活性成分淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿素可通過ER途徑發(fā)揮其對DA能神經元的保護作用。寶藿苷Ⅰ作為淫羊藿總黃酮的重要活性成分,具有多種藥理作用。在鵝膏蕈氨酸誘導的腦功能障礙大鼠模型中,寶藿苷Ⅰ可以通過絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信號傳導對抗鵝膏蕈氨酸誘導的認知缺陷[16]。在過氧化氫(H2O2)誘導的高度分化的大鼠神經元PC12細胞模型中,寶藿苷Ⅰ通過減弱細胞內活性氧的產生、線粒體損傷和激活糖原合酶激酶-3β來抑制H2O2誘導的細胞死亡[17]。此外,在側腦室注射脂多糖所致急性神經炎癥的大鼠模型中,寶藿苷Ⅰ預處理不僅能抑制小膠質細胞和星形膠質細胞的活化,還可以通過抑制TOLL樣受體4(TLR4)/髓樣分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子κB(NF-κB)通路顯著逆轉多種炎癥因子的表達[18]。為探討寶藿苷Ⅰ對DA能神經元的保護作用及其機制,本研究利用MPP+誘導SH-SY5Y細胞損傷,觀察寶藿苷Ⅰ是否能發(fā)揮神經保護作用。結果顯示,0.10、1.00 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ能明顯對抗MPP+對SH-SY5Y細胞損傷,而10.00、20.00 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ對SH-SY5Y細胞具有毒性作用;0.10 μmol/L寶藿苷Ⅰ預保護可以顯著抑制MPP+誘導的α-synuclein表達上調。在本課題組前期的研究中,ER激動劑17β-雌二醇(E2)能夠明顯降低MPP+的毒性作用,但E2作為一種雌激素,長期使用可對人體產生嚴重的副作用。因此,從傳統(tǒng)中藥中尋找具有類雌激素樣作用且副作用相對更小的植物雌激素,對中國傳統(tǒng)中藥的推廣應用具有重要意義。已有研究表明,寶藿苷Ⅰ可以通過ER依賴性途徑在刺激大鼠骨肉瘤UMR-106細胞增殖、堿性磷酸酶活性和NF-κB受體活化因子配體基因表達等方面發(fā)揮與雌激素相似的骨保護作用[19]。為進一步探討寶藿苷Ⅰ神經保護作用是否與ER信號途徑有關,本研究觀察了ER特異性阻斷劑ICI 182,780對寶藿苷Ⅰ神經保護作用的阻斷效應,結果顯示寶藿苷Ⅰ對α-synuclein蛋白表達的抑制作用可被ICI 182,780所阻斷。以上結果表明,寶藿苷Ⅰ通過激活雌激素信號途徑抑制MPP+誘導的α-synuclein蛋白表達上調,發(fā)揮保護DA能神經元的作用。
綜上所述,寶藿苷Ⅰ能夠抑制MPP+誘導的SH-SY5Y細胞損傷,其機制可能與ER信號途徑有關。本文結果為研究寶藿苷Ⅰ神經保護作用的靶點和可能機制提供了新的實驗依據(jù)。
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(本文編輯馬偉平)