王化清

初中英語中表示“多”的詞有many/much，a? lot of/lots of，a number of，some/any。表示“少”的詞有few，little，a few，a little，a bit，a bit of。它們的區(qū)別如下：

1.many/much 作形容詞（許多）時，many修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：

（1）He has many friends.

（2）There isn’t much tea in the cup.

many作名詞/代詞時，表示“許多人（物）”，much作名詞時表示“許多、大量”，作副詞時表示“非?！?。如：

（1）Many of them are doctors.

（2）Eating too much is bad? for? your health.

（3）He likes China very much.

2.a lot of=lots of“許多、大量”，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：

（1）There are a lot of books in the bag.

（2）We have made lots of money.

3.a number of“一些、許多”，后接復數(shù)名詞，number前可用 large，great，quite等來修飾，意思是“大量的、許多的”。如：

（1）A number of people are coming today.

（2）There are a great number of books in the library.

4.some/any都可作主語、賓語、定語，表示“一些、幾個”，some用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句、疑問句、條件句中。some/any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例：

（1）I have some books.

（2）Do you have any ink？

當征求某人意見，希望對方作出肯定回答時用some。當any用于肯定句中時，表示“任何的”。例：

（1）Can I have some coffee？

（2）You may? take any book.

5.a few表示“幾個、一些、少數(shù)、 幾個”，修飾復數(shù)名詞，可以構(gòu)成quite a few，just a few等 ，a little表示“有一點”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，可以構(gòu)成quite a little，just a little等。如：

（1）My home is a few kilometres away from the school.

（2）There is only a litte milk in the cup.

6.few表示 “很少幾個、幾乎沒有”，little表示“很少、一點、幾乎沒有”，few和little都具有否定意義。few修飾可數(shù)名詞，little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：

（1）The old man has few friends，so he often feels lonely.

（2）Hurry up！There is little time left.

7.a bit，a little表示“一點兒、一些”，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、比較級時，可以互換。如：

I feel a bit/a little tired.

在修飾名詞時，一般用a little或a bit of 。如：

Pass me? a little/a bit of salt，please.

練習：

用“a few，few，a little，little”填空。

（1）There is no water in my? glass. Could you let me have __________ ？

（2）He has been here for two years. He has made __________ good friends.

（3）This maths problem is too difficult. __________ students in our class can work it out .

（4）I have __________ money with me. Would you mind lending me some？

用“ a bit，a little，a bit of ”填空。

（5）Give me __________ ，please.

（6）Give me __________ wine.

Keys ：（1）a little （2）a few （3）Few （4）little （5）a little/a bit （6）a little/a bit of