李中浩

(中國城市軌道交通協(xié)會專家和學(xué)術(shù)委員會副主任，原鐵道部信息技術(shù)中心主任)

舉世矚目的第24屆冬季奧運會2022年2月4日將在北京-張家口開幕。北京成為世界上首個舉辦過夏季和冬季奧林匹克運動會的城市，也是世界上首個舉辦冬奧會的首都城市。然而北京距張家口賽場170多km，距延慶賽場70多km，其交通問題的解決方案引起了人們的關(guān)注。

北京冬奧會建設(shè)了一個以軌道交通為骨干的綠色公共交通網(wǎng)。人們在北京冬奧會期間可以通過地鐵、高鐵、公交車等公共交通工具，快速、便捷抵達各個場館。構(gòu)建高速鐵路、城際鐵路、市郊鐵路、城市軌道交通4網(wǎng)融合、便捷高效的軌道交通體系，需在制式融合、智能智慧、綠色低碳等理念指導(dǎo)下進行規(guī)劃與設(shè)計，需從運輸組織入手，對跨城、跨省、跨多種運輸方式與管理體制進行一體化的策劃。

從1909年詹天佑設(shè)計建成的京張鐵路到2019年開通的京張高鐵，中國鐵路走過了110年，如今與冬奧會交匯。2019年12月30日復(fù)興號智能列車從北京北站的副中心清河站出發(fā)，在100多米深的地下穿越八達嶺長城，到達河北張家口，全程只需48 min。

2021年12月1日京張高鐵延慶支線通車，從清河站出發(fā)，只需26 min就可抵達延慶站。清河站、延慶站是集高鐵、市郊鐵路、地鐵、公交、出租車等多種交通方式于一體的綜合樞紐。從延慶站乘擺渡車30 min內(nèi)即可直達延慶賽區(qū)各賽場。延慶賽區(qū)內(nèi)的11條索道，為運動員、觀眾提供高山交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，從小海坨山山腳下的延慶冬奧村抵達海拔2 198 m的國家高山滑雪中心僅需30 min。隨著今年年底北京地鐵11號線開通，北京賽區(qū)6個場館(首都體育館、國家速滑館、國家體育館、五棵松體育中心、國家游泳中心、首鋼滑雪大跳臺中心)實現(xiàn)地鐵覆蓋。北京-張家口-延慶軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)由現(xiàn)代高科技提供技術(shù)支撐：

智慧旅客服務(wù)。該系統(tǒng)采用融合人臉識別、測溫、健康碼為一體的自動檢測閘機,提供“三合一”進站服務(wù)；站區(qū)設(shè)置的開放式旅客服務(wù)中心、服務(wù)機器人、查詢機等智能設(shè)備，將提供軌道交通、冬奧會和城市之間的接續(xù)導(dǎo)航服務(wù)。冬奧會期間，消費者可根據(jù)自身習(xí)慣及使用偏好，選擇數(shù)字人民幣軟、硬錢包，實現(xiàn)交通出行、餐飲住宿、購物消費、旅游觀光、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、通信服務(wù)、票務(wù)娛樂等7大類場景的數(shù)字人民幣消費。借冬奧會的東風(fēng)，軌道交通部門將投入中英文自動售票機、中英文售票APP；鐵路12306 APP當(dāng)前版本已預(yù)埋多語言功能，已具備上線應(yīng)用示范條件，也許在北京冬奧會期間會給你帶來意外驚喜。

智能建造領(lǐng)域。在該系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)過程中，通過各生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的數(shù)字化技術(shù)實踐，以BIM技術(shù)運用為核心，搭建了BIM設(shè)計參數(shù)化協(xié)同平臺?；贐IM+GIS的工程建設(shè)管理平臺實現(xiàn)建設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)的自動采集和信息互聯(lián)，支撐參建各方協(xié)同管理、輔助決策以及建設(shè)質(zhì)量的可追溯閉環(huán)管理。在新八達嶺隧道、八達嶺長城站的建設(shè)中創(chuàng)新地采用了下疊層暗挖洞群車站設(shè)計和施工；清華園隧道的智能建造中，采用了全預(yù)制拼裝盾構(gòu)隧道；官廳水庫大橋按鋼桁梁模塊化、自動化和智能化的建造技術(shù)體系，進行工廠化修建。

智能裝備領(lǐng)域。在世界上首次實現(xiàn)了時速350 km的高速動車組自動駕駛。通過全車設(shè)置的2 700多個傳感監(jiān)測點，實現(xiàn)高速列車和運行環(huán)境狀態(tài)的實時檢測；通過運用數(shù)據(jù)挖掘技術(shù)，推進了移動裝備和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的健康管理(PHM)；通過應(yīng)用云計算、邊緣計算、智能分析等新技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)云化存儲、視頻智能分析，增強了安全保障水平。復(fù)興號智能動車組具備5G信號接收功能，可滿足奧運賽事直播要求。自2019年12月30日京張智能高鐵開通以來，高速鐵路ATO系統(tǒng)運行平穩(wěn)、系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定，得到了用戶的好評。

在城市軌道交通11號線的奧運支線上，將試驗全自動運行的虛擬靈活編組、主動障礙物檢測等新技術(shù)；根據(jù)客流需求，靈活調(diào)整列車運行圖，改變列車開行方案，以提高列車運行指揮的靈活性，提升旅客乘坐軌道交通出行的便捷性。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智慧化、低碳化的軌道交通正在為人們提供安全、便捷、高效、綠色、經(jīng)濟的出行服務(wù)，改變著乘客的出行習(xí)慣。北京-張家口-延慶軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)將在冬奧會上令人耳目一新。

Commentary

Smart Rail Transit Brings a Shine to Winter Olympics

LIZhonghao

(Deputy Director of China Association of Metros Expert and Academic Committee, Director of Former Ministry of Railways Information Technology Center)

The worldwide beholding 24th Winter Olympics is opening in Beijing-Zhangjiakou on 4 February 2022.Beijing is the first city to have held both Summer and Winter Olympic Games in the world, and the first capital city to hold Winter Olympics in the world.However, Beijing is over 170 km away from Zhangjiakou Competition Zone, and over 70 km away from Yanqing Competition Zone, which arises attention towards solutions to transportation problem.

Beijing Winter Olympics has fabricated a green public transport network with rail transit as backbone.Visitors can arrive at each arena easily by public transport means such as metro, high-speed railway and bus.To construct an efficient rail transit system with fusion of 4-network, high-speed railway, intercity railway, suburban railway and urban rail transit, it is necessary to carry out planning and design under the ideology guidance of system integration, intelligentization and smartness, green low-carbonization, and to formulate integrated planning between management system and transportation organization, across cities, provinces and multiple transport means.

From the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway designed and completed by Zhan Tianyou in 1909, to the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway launched in 2019, China Railway has walked 110 years to this historical moment encountering Winter Olympics.On 30 December 2019, Fuxing Smart EMU departed from Qinghe Railway Station of Beijing North Railway Station, traveling over 100 m deep below the Great Wall of Badaling, arriving at Zhangjiakou of Hebei province, taking only 48 min.

On 1 December 2021, Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway Yanqing Branch Line was successfully launched.It takes only 26 min from Qinghe Railway Station to Yanqing Station.Qinghe Railway Station, Yanqing Station are integrated hubs coordinating multiple transport means including high-speed railway, suburban railway, metro, bus, taxi.Shuttle bus at Yanqing Station has direct routes to every arena in Yanqing Competition Zone within 30 min.11 routes of cable transport inside Yanqing Competition Zone provides mountain transport network for athletes and audience.It takes only 30 min from Yanqing Winter Olympic Village at the foot of Small Haituo Mountain to reach the Xiaohaituo Alpine Skiing Field located at an altitude of 2 198 m.With Beijing Metro Line 11 starting operation by the end of this year, the six stadiums in Beijing Competition Zone(Capital Indoor Stadium, National Speed Skating Oval, National Indoor Stadium, Wukesong Arena, National Aquatics Center, Big Air Shougang)will have all entered the metro coverage.Beijing-Zhangjiakou-Yanqing rail transit network is technically supported by modern high technologies:

SmartPassengerService.The system adopts AFC gate that integrates human face recognition, temperature detection, health code scanning for entry service.The intelligent equipment set in station area, such as open passenger service center, service robot, inquiry machine, will provide connection navigation service among rail transit, Winter Olympics and cities.During Winter Olympics, consumers can choose digital yuan online or hardware wallet according to their own habits and preferences, enjoying using e-RMB in 7 major life scenes including transportation, food and accommodation, shopping, sight-seeing, medical support, telecommunication, entertainment.Riding the wave of Winter Olympics, rail transit departments will launch CN-EN automatic ticket vending machine and CN-EN ticket APP.The current version of railway 12306 APP is already embedded with multi-language functionality, ready for online demonstration and utilization.The delight Beijing Winter Olympics brings about might surprise visitors beyond expectation.

IntelligentConstructionField.During the construction of the system, through digitalized technical practice at each production link, with BIM technology application as core, a BIM-based design parametric collaborative platform is constructed.Auto-collection and information interoperation of construction data is achieved on the engineering construction management platform based on BIM+GIS.It supports collaborative management, decision-making assistance and trackable closed-loop management of construction quality among all parties involved.In the project of New Badaling Tunnel and Badaling Great Wall Railway Station, layered underground excavation cave group is innovatively adopted for station design and construction.The intelligent construction of Qinghuayuan Tunnel adopts full-prefabrication shield tunnel.Guanting Reservoir Bridge is constructed using factory construction technology system of steel truss girder modularization, automation and intelligentization.

IntelligentEquipmentField.High-speed EMU automatic operation at the speed of 350 km/h is accomplished first time worldwide.With more than 2 700 sensor monitoring points set on the whole vehicle, real-time detection of high-speed train and operation environment condition is realized.Through data mining, PHM(prognostic and health management)of movable equipment and infrastructure is promoted.Through new technologies such as application cloud calculation, edge computing, intelligent analysis, the data cloud storage and video intelligent analysis are developed, and safety guarantee level is enhanced.5G signal receiving functionality is equipped on Fuxing Smart EMU, meeting the live broadcasting demand of Olympic games.Since the launch of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Smart High-speed Railway on 30 December 2019, high-speed railway ATO system is operating stably, gaining positive feedback from users.

On the Olympic branch line of urban rail transit Line 11, new technologies including FAO virtual flexible marshalling, active obstacle detection will be tested.By adapting train operation and revising train operation plan to meet passenger flow demand, the flexibility in directing train operation is elevated, as well as rail transit traveling convenience for passengers.

The internetized, intelligentized, and low-carbonized rail transit is providing safe, convenient, efficient, green, economical traveling services, reshaping the traveling habits of passengers.The Beijing-Zhangjiakou-Yanqing rail transit network is presenting an unprecedented and immersive experience at the Beijing Winter Olympics.

(TranslatedbyZHANGLiman)