湖北 羅正禮

隨著新高考的全面鋪開(kāi)，高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)越來(lái)越重視培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中的語(yǔ)用能力。因此，高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課就不能只是對(duì)原有知識(shí)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的回顧與再現(xiàn)，而應(yīng)是在“三語(yǔ)（語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)篇、語(yǔ)用）”原則下對(duì)原有知識(shí)的強(qiáng)化、內(nèi)化和系統(tǒng)化。本節(jié)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課嘗試以單元主題“文學(xué)與藝術(shù)”為基并結(jié)合思維導(dǎo)圖、小組學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)建構(gòu)分層詞匯體系，從而使知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)化、條理化、情景化；再依托“高考真題變式”實(shí)現(xiàn)由詞到句，由句到篇的語(yǔ)用操練及遷移運(yùn)用，從而達(dá)到高考總體能力的要求，達(dá)成“提高語(yǔ)言能力、提升思維品質(zhì)、增進(jìn)文化意識(shí)、培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)能力”的英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心目標(biāo)。

一、活用文本語(yǔ)篇，激活主題情境

在進(jìn)行高三英語(yǔ)一輪單元復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，要靈活運(yùn)用文本語(yǔ)篇，采取適當(dāng)?shù)慕虒W(xué)形式，實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)入，激活單元主題語(yǔ)境。高中英語(yǔ)人教版教材選修六Unit 1 Art 主要介紹的是西方繪畫(huà)簡(jiǎn)史和曼哈頓最好的藝術(shù)畫(huà)廊。筆者在帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)文本語(yǔ)篇后將全班分成了六個(gè)小組，并要求各組復(fù)述介紹語(yǔ)篇的一個(gè)版塊。具體而言，筆者要求各組分別復(fù)述介紹以下六個(gè)版塊：1.The Middle Ages；2.The Renaissance；3.Impressionism；4.Modern Art；5.Guggenheim Museum & Metropolitan Museum of Art；6.Museum of Modern Art & Whitney Museum of American Art。各組組內(nèi)同學(xué)在相互復(fù)述介紹板塊內(nèi)容后選派一名同學(xué)向全班復(fù)述介紹。這種復(fù)述介紹文本的方法既可以避免單元復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)的機(jī)械重復(fù)，又能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性，快速激活單元話題語(yǔ)境。

二、運(yùn)用思維導(dǎo)圖，建構(gòu)詞匯體系

《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2017年版2020年修訂）》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》）指出：“詞匯學(xué)習(xí)不是單純的詞語(yǔ)記憶，也不是獨(dú)立的詞語(yǔ)操練，而是結(jié)合具體主題，在特定語(yǔ)境下開(kāi)展的綜合性語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。”語(yǔ)境是詞匯教學(xué)的核心要素，只有在語(yǔ)境中單詞才有生命力；而詞塊是詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的最好單位，記憶時(shí)整體輸入，運(yùn)用時(shí)整體輸出；新課程理念強(qiáng)調(diào)“用英語(yǔ)做事”，所以高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)是在記憶的基礎(chǔ)上不斷運(yùn)用，從而強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)感，遷移詞匯運(yùn)用能力，最終達(dá)到內(nèi)化?；谝陨侠砟睿P者嘗試培養(yǎng)學(xué)生以小組為單位構(gòu)建主題語(yǔ)境詞匯思維導(dǎo)圖并互學(xué)難點(diǎn)詞匯及詞塊。

具體而言，筆者在激活單元話題語(yǔ)境后，要求學(xué)生以小組為單位構(gòu)建本單元主題語(yǔ)境詞匯思維導(dǎo)圖從而使知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)化、條理化。高中英語(yǔ)人教版教材選修六Unit 1 Art的單元主題是藝術(shù)，屬于《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中“人與社會(huì)”這一主題語(yǔ)境下“文學(xué)、藝術(shù)與體育”主題群，所以筆者要求學(xué)生以小組為單位自主構(gòu)建以藝術(shù)為主題的詞匯思維導(dǎo)圖，具體如下：

答案（根據(jù)學(xué)生小組構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)并補(bǔ)充）：

Painting art:realistic, abstract, gallery, renaissance, perspective, technique, impression, impressionist, post-impressionist, landscape,exhibition, drawing,figure,shadow, brush painting, religious, color, line, shape...

Other kinds: clay, bronze, marble, carve, sculpture, sculptor, statue, calligraphy, ceramics, china, embroidery, architecture, street art, performance art, hand-painted art, clothing art, graffiti...

Effects & comments:represent, symbol, stand for,break away from, classic, vivid, refresh, contemporary, conventional,controversial, visual, fragile, delicate, fantastic, superb, memorable, masterpiece, masterwork,be typical of, lay foundation for,appeal,appeal to, appealing,adopt,live up to one’s reputation, be aimed at,attempt to,a great deal of,be on exhibition/display,have a preference for,figure out...

在構(gòu)建完單元主題語(yǔ)境詞匯思維導(dǎo)圖后，要求學(xué)生從一詞多義、辨析義、詞義活用等方面選擇部分重點(diǎn)單詞借助詞典自學(xué)與互學(xué)；從寫(xiě)作應(yīng)用角度選擇部分重點(diǎn)詞塊借助詞典進(jìn)行自學(xué)與互學(xué)。

1.一詞多義單詞：_________________________________________________________________________(2～3個(gè)）

2.辨析義單詞：___________________________________________________________________________(2～3組）

3.寫(xiě)作重點(diǎn)詞塊：________________________________________________________________________(5～10個(gè)）

參考答案：（根據(jù)各小組互學(xué)所給出的答案適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)并補(bǔ)充）

1.figure, appeal

2.shadow/shade; adopt/adapt; controversial/contradictory

3.figure out, a great deal of, break away from, live up to one’s reputation, have a preference for, appeal to, sb.be in possession of, be on display/exhibition, attempt to, be typical of

針對(duì)以上重點(diǎn)單詞和詞塊在教學(xué)時(shí)間允許的情況下，可以進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生以小組為單位進(jìn)行思維導(dǎo)圖的構(gòu)建并講解；這樣詞匯復(fù)習(xí)會(huì)更立體、更情景化、更有助于學(xué)生對(duì)于詞匯的內(nèi)涵及外延的掌握。

三、重組高考真題，變式遷移訓(xùn)練

《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》強(qiáng)調(diào)“用英語(yǔ)做事”“詞匯學(xué)習(xí)是在特定語(yǔ)境下開(kāi)展的綜合性語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng)”；而對(duì)高三學(xué)生而言歷年高考真題是最有價(jià)值的語(yǔ)篇及語(yǔ)境，所以用好、用活真題將對(duì)高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)大有裨益。筆者在本節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)課中嘗試整合重組、變式靈活運(yùn)用高考真題，把一輪復(fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程變成與高考鏈接的過(guò)程，在“高考英語(yǔ)真題變式”語(yǔ)境中實(shí)現(xiàn)由詞到句，由句到篇的語(yǔ)用操練及遷移運(yùn)用。筆者的具體教學(xué)流程如下：

1.變式運(yùn)用高考例句，突破一詞多義及辨析義（詞匯內(nèi)涵及外延層面）

語(yǔ)境是詞匯教學(xué)的核心要素，只有在語(yǔ)境中單詞才有生命力。在構(gòu)建完單元主題語(yǔ)境詞匯思維導(dǎo)圖并借助詞典自學(xué)、互學(xué)重點(diǎn)詞匯及詞塊后，筆者向?qū)W生提供歷年高考英語(yǔ)真題例句，要求學(xué)生在例句語(yǔ)境中鞏固重點(diǎn)詞匯及詞塊。

練習(xí)1：根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出figure 的最佳釋義。

______1.As for my favoritefigurein Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.（2016年高考英語(yǔ)北京卷書(shū)面表達(dá)）

______2.Your house may have an effect on yourfigure.（2015年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀理解B 篇）

______3.It’s important for thefiguresto be updated regularly.（2011年高考英語(yǔ)北京卷單項(xiàng)填空25 題）

答案：1.人物；2.身材，體形；3.數(shù)據(jù)

練習(xí)2：根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出appeal 的最佳釋義。

______4.Besides, businesses seek toappealto customers’ senses.（2015年高考英語(yǔ)重慶卷閱讀理解B 篇）

______5.Certainly, reality TV seems toappeal much more to the younger audience.（2008年高考英語(yǔ)上海卷）

______6.So in 1887, sheappealedto the Manitoba Legislature（立法機(jī)關(guān)）to issue a license to her but they, too, refused.（2014年高考英語(yǔ)山東卷）

______7.What I am eager to do is to raise people’s awareness of animal protection andappealto more people to care for our earth companies.（2011年高考英語(yǔ)重慶卷）

答案：4.激發(fā)；5.吸引；6.上訴，申訴；7.呼吁

練習(xí)3：根據(jù)段意選出最佳單詞。

shadow/shade, adopt/adapt, controversial/contradictory

The famous film Harry Potter was8from J.K.Rowling’s books, in which a young couple9an orphan who had a great deal of magic.Harry wanted to walk out of his parents’10, there was no escape, though.Although this movie brought about many11issues, it really made a big hit at that time.

答案：8.adapted；9.adopted；10.shadow；11.controversial

2.變式運(yùn)用高考作文范文，強(qiáng)化詞塊及句式活用（詞塊及句式活用層面）

詞塊是詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的最好單位，記憶時(shí)整體輸入，運(yùn)用時(shí)整體輸出；所以在引導(dǎo)及幫助學(xué)生歸納提煉單元重點(diǎn)詞塊及句式后，筆者及時(shí)提供高考真題（2017年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá)）變式運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境來(lái)鍛煉學(xué)生的整體輸出能力。

練習(xí)4：運(yùn)用本單元所學(xué)詞塊及句式翻譯下列句子。

A.如果你接受我的邀請(qǐng)，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)剪紙名不虛傳。 （if 虛擬+live up to one’s reputation）

__________________________________________________

B.要是沒(méi)有它，你將不能更好地理解中國(guó)文化。（without 虛擬+ figure out）

__________________________________________________

C.在許多傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)藝術(shù)形式中，歷史悠久的剪紙藝術(shù)將嘗試提供給你一場(chǎng)視覺(jué)盛宴。（表語(yǔ)前置+attempt to）

__________________________________________________

D.令人吃驚的是如此多的優(yōu)秀剪紙作品將會(huì)被在相同的地方展覽。（it 形式主語(yǔ)+on exhibition）

__________________________________________________

答案：

A.If you should take my invitation into account, you would find paper-cutting lives up to its reputation.

B.Without it/that, you would not be able to figure out Chinese culture better.

C.Among various traditional Chinese art forms is the time-honoured paper-cutting, which will attempt to provide an art feast to you.

D.It is amazing that so many great works of paper-cutting will be on exhibition in the same place.

練習(xí)5：將上面四句話分別填入下文空格處，使短文語(yǔ)義完整。

（2017年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá)）

Dear Henry,

I’m Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class.Knowing that youhave a preference forChinese culture, I can’t wait to invite you to attend a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school.______________________________________1_____________________________.

The exhibition, the theme of which is“beauty of China”, will take place in the school hall from 2 to 5 on the afternoon of June 21.Not only will our club’s works be displayed, but we also have somevaluablesets of paper-cutting created by several famous artists of this field._________________2_______________Additionally, there will be anappealinglecture about the history of paper-cutting.________________3________________________.

______________________4________________.I’m looking forward to your early reply.

Best wishes!

Li Hua

答案：1.C；2.D；3.B；4.A

3.變式運(yùn)用高考作文題目，實(shí)現(xiàn)遷移運(yùn)用（語(yǔ)篇活用層面）

新版課標(biāo)強(qiáng)調(diào)教師要充分利用語(yǔ)篇資源并圍繞學(xué)生感興趣的主題或話題來(lái)設(shè)置語(yǔ)言表達(dá)任務(wù)，讓學(xué)生在主題表達(dá)中有意或無(wú)意地運(yùn)用所學(xué)。所以筆者進(jìn)一步變式運(yùn)用高考真題來(lái)為學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)語(yǔ)用情境。

練習(xí)6：遷移運(yùn)用（提綱+開(kāi)放式內(nèi)容）。

（2019年高考英語(yǔ)天津卷，書(shū)面表達(dá)，改編）假設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)的李津，英國(guó)友好校下月將派教師來(lái)你校參加為期一周的交流活動(dòng)。在活動(dòng)前，英方教師Chris 非常想了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中的：_____________，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示給她寫(xiě)封郵件。內(nèi)容包括：

1.小組從下面?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)文化中選擇一個(gè)主題：

Chinese knot 中國(guó)結(jié)，brush painting 水墨畫(huà)，

Chinese calligraphy 書(shū)法，Tang poetry 唐詩(shī)；

2.簡(jiǎn)要介紹該傳統(tǒng)文化的歷史、形式、意義等；

3.仿照上面范文，盡量利用本單元的重點(diǎn)單詞、詞塊及句式。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100 左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear Chris,

I am Li Jin, a student of Chenguang High School.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Jin

答案：略（對(duì)比評(píng)價(jià)兩篇學(xué)生習(xí)作）

4.變式運(yùn)用高考閱讀文本，強(qiáng)化主題語(yǔ)境（同主題語(yǔ)境層面）

練習(xí)7：2019年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀理解B 篇（同主題語(yǔ)境訓(xùn)練）

For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.

“It’s no secret that China has always been a source（來(lái)源）of inspiration for designers,”says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (時(shí)尚) shows.

Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art,with theaim ofexploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics ( 美 學(xué))on Western fashion and how China hasfueledthe fashionable imagination for centuries.The exhibition hadrecord attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.

“China is impossible to overlook,”says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu aretaking onGalliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—andbeating them hands downin design and sales,” adds Hill.

For Hill,it is impossible not to talk about China asthe leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says.“China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market.If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China — its influences, its direction, itsbreathtakingclothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”

1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

______________________________________________

2.詞匯語(yǔ)境活用：

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：①inspire (v.)— (n.)________

②attend (v.)— (n.)________

③ fashion (n.)— (adj.)________

近義替換：①with the aim of =________

② take on =________

③breathtaking________

熟詞生義：① fuel________

② record attendance________

③ beating them hands down________

3.情景仿寫(xiě)：

It is impossible not totalk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.

___________________________________________________

4.Critical thinking: What’s your feeling about Chinese culture?

____________________________________________________

答案：

1.Main idea&title:Chinese culture fuels international fashion trends.

2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：①inspiration ②attendant ③fashionable

近義替換：①with the intention of/with the objective of ②compete against/fight against ③astonishing/impressive/exciting

熟詞生義：①加劇，刺激 ②破紀(jì)錄的出席人數(shù) ③毫不費(fèi)力地打敗某人

3.情景仿寫(xiě)：It is impossible not to talk about China when talking about silk.

4.略（任何合理的答案均可）

總之，高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)必須重視培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中的語(yǔ)用能力，教師要提供或是幫助搭建語(yǔ)境腳手架以讓學(xué)生強(qiáng)化、內(nèi)化、系統(tǒng)化所學(xué)知識(shí)，并利用好高考真題，在高考真題語(yǔ)境中訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的詞匯、詞塊及句式的語(yǔ)用能力，最終在話題遷移中實(shí)現(xiàn)遷移輸出，提升學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)能力及英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)。