亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        側(cè)腦室注射orexin B對(duì)MPTP帕金森病模型小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)行為影響

        2021-07-08 01:59卞康薛雁陳蕾
        關(guān)鍵詞:帕金森病小鼠

        卞康 薛雁 陳蕾

        [摘要]目的 探究側(cè)腦室注射orexin B對(duì)1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶(MPTP)帕金森病模型小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)行為的影響。方法 將小鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組、MPTP組、orexin B組和orexin B+MPTP組。采用轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察各組小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間。結(jié)果 與正常對(duì)照組相比,MPTP組小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間顯著縮短(t=6.83,P<0.01);側(cè)腦室注射orexin B的正常小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間與正常對(duì)照組相比差異無顯著性(P>0.05),然而,側(cè)腦室注射orexin B的MPTP模型小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間較MPTP組明顯延長(zhǎng)(t=3.17,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 側(cè)腦室注射orexin B可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙。

        [關(guān)鍵詞]食欲素;輸注,腦室內(nèi);帕金森病;旋轉(zhuǎn)棒性能試驗(yàn);動(dòng)作障礙;小鼠

        [中圖分類號(hào)]R338.2

        [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A

        [文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2021)02-0186-04

        [ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of orexin B on motor behavior in a mouse model of Parkinsons disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). ?Methods Mice were randomly divided into normal control group, MPTP group, orexin B group, and orexin B+MPTP group. The rotarod test was used to observe the retention time of mice on the rotarod.?Results Compared with the normal control group, the MPTP group had a significant reduction in the retention time on the rotarod (t=6.83,P<0.01). There was no significant difference in retention time on the rotarod between the normal mice with intracerebroventricular injection of orexin B and the mice in the normal control group (P>0.05). Compared with the MPTP group, the orexin B+MPTP group had a significant increase in the retention time on the rotarod (t=3.17,P<0.05). ?Conclusion Intracerebroventricular injection of orexin B can improve dyskinesia induced by MPTP in mice.

        [KEY WORDS]orexins; infusions, intraventricular; Parkinson disease; rotarod performance test; movement disorders; mice

        帕金森?。≒D)是一種由基底神經(jīng)核運(yùn)動(dòng)功能環(huán)路異常導(dǎo)致的神經(jīng)退行性疾病[1-2]。orexins由orexin A(分子量3 561)和orexin B(分子量2 899)構(gòu)成[3]。orexin受體(OXR)是G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體,包括orexin 1受體(OX1R)和orexin 2受體(OX2R)。在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,OX2R mRNA分布在海馬CA3區(qū)、深層皮質(zhì)和中縫核等區(qū)域[4],而在外周組織中,OX2R mRNA含量較少[5]。orexin A與OX1R和OX2R結(jié)合的親和力幾乎相等,但是orexin B與OX2R結(jié)合的親和力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于與OX1R結(jié)合的親和力[4,6]。有研究結(jié)果表明,腦內(nèi)orexins參與學(xué)習(xí)記憶、進(jìn)食、獎(jiǎng)賞等多種生理功能[7]。最近有研究報(bào)道,orexins在運(yùn)動(dòng)控制方面也發(fā)揮重要作用,多數(shù)中樞運(yùn)動(dòng)控制區(qū)域均接受orexin能纖維支配[8]。有研究表明,orexins與PD密切相關(guān),PD病人腦脊液中orexins的含量顯著降低[9-14]。研究已證實(shí),orexin B在細(xì)胞水平對(duì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元具有保護(hù)作用[15]。然而,orexin B是否可調(diào)控小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)行為尚不清楚。因此,本研究利用轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行行為學(xué)觀察,旨在探討側(cè)腦室注射orexin B對(duì)1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶(MPTP)PD模型小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)行為的影響?,F(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。

        1 材料與方法

        1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

        1.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物 體質(zhì)量為22~24 g、8~10周齡的正常雄性C57BL/6小鼠,由濟(jì)南朋悅實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物繁育有限公司提供。每籠4~6只小鼠,在溫度為22~25 ℃、濕度為50%~55%、12 h光照(早8:00到晚20:00開燈)12 h黑暗(晚20:00到早8:00關(guān)燈)的環(huán)境下飼養(yǎng),及時(shí)添水加糧、更換墊料。

        1.1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品 orexin B(Cat. No. 1456)購自Tocris公司;MPTP(Cat. No. M0896)購自Sigma公司。

        1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

        1.2.1 側(cè)腦室埋管 腹腔注射水合氯醛400 mg/kg麻醉小鼠,并將其置于腦立體定位儀上。將導(dǎo)管帽和給藥導(dǎo)管(型號(hào)為62102和62003,瑞沃德生物科技有限公司)植入右側(cè)腦室(前囟后0.3 mm,向右旁開1.0 mm,顱骨表面下2.2 mm),并用牙托水泥固定。小鼠術(shù)后恢復(fù)7 d,其中前4 d連續(xù)肌肉注射青霉素20 000 U/d。

        1.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組及處理 側(cè)腦室埋管7 d后將小鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組、MPTP組、orexin B組和orexin B+MPTP組。各組首先側(cè)腦室注射相應(yīng)的藥物3 d進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,再腹腔注射相應(yīng)的藥物5 d。正常對(duì)照組給予生理鹽水側(cè)腦室注射和腹腔注射;MPTP組給予生理鹽水側(cè)腦室注射和MPTP腹腔注射;orexin B組給予orexin B側(cè)腦室注射和生理鹽水腹腔注射;orexin B+MPTP組給予orexin B側(cè)腦室注射和MPTP腹腔注射。根據(jù)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,orexin B給藥劑量為600 ng/d,MPTP給藥劑量為30 mg/(kg·d)。側(cè)腦室注射體積為2 μL,注射時(shí)間為3 min,留針3 min;腹腔注射體積為0.005 mL/g。注射時(shí)小鼠可自由活動(dòng),注射器隨小鼠的活動(dòng)而移動(dòng)。在給藥的8 d內(nèi)均注射青霉素預(yù)防感染。

        1.2.3 轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn) 將小鼠背對(duì)著測(cè)試者放在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上適應(yīng)2 min。第2天進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),轉(zhuǎn)速為4~40 r/min,記錄小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間,最長(zhǎng)時(shí)間設(shè)為300 s。

        1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

        使用SPSS 22軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以x2±s表示,采用兩因素析因設(shè)計(jì)的方差分析探討MPTP和orexin B的作用,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

        2 結(jié) 果

        對(duì)照組(n=8)、MPTP組(n=8)、orexin B組(n=7)和orexin B+MPTP組(n=8)小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間分別為(74.44±2.71)、(39.94±4.67)、(80.50±6.68)和(52.19±2.91)s。析因設(shè)計(jì)方差分析結(jié)果顯示:

        FMPTP=63.76,P<0.01;Forexin B=8.382,P<0.01;FMPTP×orexin B=2.275,P>0.05。因兩因素?zé)o交互作用,故進(jìn)行單獨(dú)效應(yīng)分析:與正常對(duì)照組相比,MPTP組小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間顯著縮短(t=6.83,P<0.01),說明MPTP組小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)功能受損;側(cè)腦室注射orexin B的正常小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間與正常對(duì)照組相比差異無顯著性(P>0.05),然而,側(cè)腦室注射orexin B的MPTP模型小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間較MPTP組明顯延長(zhǎng)(t=3.17,P<0.05),提示orexin B可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙。

        3 討 論

        Orexins廣泛分布于全腦,與orexin A相比,orexin B的脂溶性低,在血液中降解速度快,而且不易透過血-腦脊液屏障,故腦內(nèi)orexin B的含量較高[16]。orexin A與OX1R和OX2R結(jié)合的親和力幾乎相等,但orexin B與OX2R結(jié)合的親和力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于與OX1R結(jié)合的親和力[4,6]。orexins參與調(diào)節(jié)多種生理過程,包括進(jìn)食、運(yùn)動(dòng)控制和學(xué)習(xí)記憶功能等[17-18]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,側(cè)腦室給予orexins可增加食物攝入量,而外周注射orexins沒有引起攝食的變化[19]。orexins缺乏可導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)和記憶缺陷,而orexins可增強(qiáng)海馬神經(jīng)再生,改善空間學(xué)習(xí)和記憶能力[7]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,側(cè)腦室給予orexin B可改善大鼠學(xué)習(xí)能力和鞏固其記憶能力,而orexin B鞏固記憶的作用可以被OX2R拮抗劑所逆轉(zhuǎn)[20]。orexins與PD的發(fā)病密切相關(guān),PD病人腦脊液中orexins的含量降低25%[21]。

        Orexins與運(yùn)動(dòng)控制的關(guān)系越來越受到關(guān)注。有研究表明,微量注射orexin A到腹外側(cè)視前區(qū)、伏隔核、黑質(zhì)和藍(lán)斑等均可以刺激大鼠的自發(fā)性運(yùn)動(dòng)[22-25]。鼻腔給予orexin A后,小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力顯著增加,但持續(xù)時(shí)間較短[26]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,orexin A可以提高金魚的自發(fā)性運(yùn)動(dòng)而且可被OX1R阻斷劑SB 334867所阻斷[27]。orexin A可以增加6-羥基多巴胺(6-OHDA)PD模型大鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力,而注射SB 334867會(huì)加重運(yùn)動(dòng)缺陷[28]。

        以往電生理學(xué)和行為學(xué)研究提示,腦內(nèi)orexin B參與運(yùn)動(dòng)功能調(diào)控。側(cè)腦室注射orexin B增加大鼠挖掘和修飾行為,但作用較orexin A弱[29]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,orexin B可通過OX2R興奮與運(yùn)動(dòng)密切相關(guān)的小腦間質(zhì)核和前庭下核神經(jīng)元[30-31]。藍(lán)斑接受致密的orexin能纖維投射,orexin B可激活藍(lán)斑核神經(jīng)元,進(jìn)而增加肌張力[32]。眾所周知,PD是黑質(zhì)致密帶多巴胺能神經(jīng)元退變導(dǎo)致的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙性疾病。本文研究結(jié)果表明,側(cè)腦室注射orexin B可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的PD模型小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙癥狀。我們前期的電生理實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,orexin B增加黑質(zhì)致密帶多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的自發(fā)放電頻率[33]。由此我們推測(cè),側(cè)腦室給予orexin B可能通過增加PD模型小鼠黑質(zhì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元自發(fā)放電,通過基底神經(jīng)核功能通路,解除基底神經(jīng)核輸出核團(tuán)對(duì)大腦皮質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)的抑制效應(yīng),從而改善運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙癥狀。

        轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)是評(píng)價(jià)小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力常用的一種行為學(xué)方法[34-35]。它通過比較小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短來反映小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力,在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),表明小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力越好。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,側(cè)腦室注射orexin B可增加MPTP模型小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間,提示側(cè)腦室給予orexin B可改善MPTP模型小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期通過曠場(chǎng)和爬桿實(shí)驗(yàn)研究證實(shí),側(cè)腦室給予orexin A可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的PD模型小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙癥狀[36]。因?yàn)閭?cè)腦室給予orexin A和orexin B可以作用于不同核團(tuán)的不同受體,故在今后的行為學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,可進(jìn)一步觀察側(cè)腦室聯(lián)合給予orexin A和orexin B是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生協(xié)同效應(yīng)。

        PD可累及運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙。本研究結(jié)果提示側(cè)腦室注射orexin B可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的PD模型小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙癥狀,這為進(jìn)一步深入探討orexin B與PD發(fā)病機(jī)制及治療的相關(guān)性提供了一定的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。

        [參考文獻(xiàn)]

        [1]WICHMANN T, DELONG M R. Functional and pathophysiological models of the basal ganglia[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1996,6(6):751-758.

        [2]WU D D, HUANG L, ZHANG L, et al. LLDT-67 attenuates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice by up-regulating NGF expression[J]. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2012,33(9):1187-1194.

        [3]SAKURAI T, AMEMIYA A, ISHII M, et al. Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior[J]. Cell, 1998,92(5):573-585.

        [4]MARCUS J N, ASCHKENASI C J, LEE C E, et al. Differential expression of orexin receptors 1 and 2 in the rat brain[J]. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2001,435(1):6-25.

        [5]JHREN O, NEIDERT S J, KUMMER M, et al. Prepro-orexin and orexin receptor mRNAs are differentially expressed in peripheral tissues of male and female rats[J]. Endocrinology, 2001,142(8):3324-3331.

        [6]SMART D, JERMAN J C, BROUGH S J, et al. The hypocretins are weak agonists at recombinant human orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors[J]. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2000,129(7):1289-1291.

        [7]CHIEFFI S, CAROTENUTO M, MONDA V, et al. Orexin system: the key for a healthy life[J]. Frontiers in Physiology, 2017,8:357.

        [8]HU B, YANG N, QIAO Q C, et al. Roles of the orexin system in central motor control[J]. Neuroscience and Biobeha-vioral Reviews, 2015,49:43-54.

        [9]BOSTAN A C, STRICK P L. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: nodes in an integrated network[J]. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2018,19(6):338-350.

        [10]CUI L B, LI B W, JIN X H, et al. Progressive changes of orexin system in a rat model of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinsons disease[J]. Neuroscience Bulletin, 2010,26(5):381-387.

        [11]THANNICKAL T C, LAI Y Y, SIEGEL J M. Hypocretin (orexin) cell loss in Parkinsons disease[J]. Brain: a Journal of Neurology, 2007,130(Pt 6):1586-1595.

        [12]DROUOT X, MOUTEREAU S, NGUYEN J P, et al. Low levels of ventricular CSF orexin/hypocretin in advanced PD[J]. Neurology, 2003,61(4):540-543.

        [13]WIENECKE M, WERTH E, PORYAZOVA R, et al. Progressive dopamine and hypocretin deficiencies in Parkinsons disease: is there an impact on sleep and wakefulness[J]? Journal of Sleep Research, 2012,21(6):710-717.

        [14]ASAI H, HIRANO M, FURIYA Y, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid-orexin levels and sleep attacks in four patients with Parkinsons disease[J]. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2009,111(4):341-344.

        [15]GUERREIRO S, FLORENCE C, ROUSSEAU E, et al. The sleep-modulating peptide orexin-B protects midbrain dopamine neurons from degeneration, alone or in cooperation with nicotine[J]. Molecular Pharmacology, 2015,87(3):525-532.

        [16]KASTIN A J, AKERSTROM V. Orexin A but not orexin B rapidly enters brain from blood by simple diffusion[J]. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1999,289(1):219-223.

        [17]GAO H R, ZHUANG Q X, ZHANG Y X, et al. Orexin di-rectly enhances the excitability of globus pallidus internus neurons in rat by co-activating OX1 and OX2 receptors[J]. Neuroscience Bulletin, 2017,33(4):365-372.

        [18]PEYRON C, KILDUFF T S. Mapping the hypocretin/orexin neuronal system: an unexpectedly productive journey[J]. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2017,37(9):2268-2272.

        [19]HAYNES A C, JACKSON B, OVEREND P, et al. Effects of single and chronic intracerebroventricular administration of the orexins on feeding in the rat[J]. Peptides, 1999,20(9):1099-1105.

        [20]PALOTAI M, TELEGDY G, EKWERIKE A, et al. The action of orexin B on passive avoidance learning. Involvement of neurotransmitters[J]. Behavioural Brain Research, 2014,272:1-7.

        [21]FRONCZEK R, OVEREEM S, LEE S Y, et al. Hypocretin (orexin) loss in Parkinsons disease[J]. Brain, 2007,130(6):1577-1585.

        [22]MAVANJI V, PEREZ-LEIGHTON C E, KOTZ C M, et al. Promotion of wakefulness and energy expenditure by orexin-A in the ventrolateral preoptic area[J]. Sleep, 2015,38(9):1361-1370.

        [23]THORPE A J, KOTZ C M. Orexin A in the nucleus accumbens stimulates feeding and locomotor activity[J]. Brain Research, 2005,1050(1-2):156-162.

        [24]KOTZ C M, WANG C, TESKE J A, et al. Orexin A mediation of time spent moving in rats: neural mechanisms[J]. Neuroscience, 2006,142(1):29-36.

        [25]TESKE J A, PEREZ-LEIGHTON C E, BILLINGTON C J, et al. Role of the locus coeruleus in enhanced orexin A-induced spontaneous physical activity in obesity-resistant rats[J]. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2013,305(11):R1337-R1345.

        [26]DHURIA S V, FINE J M, BINGHAM D, et al. Food consumption and activity levels increase in rats following intranasal Hypocretin-1[J]. Neuroscience Letters, 2016,627:155-159.

        [27]NAKAMACHI T, SHIBATA H, SAKASHITA A, et al. Orexin A enhances locomotor activity and induces anxiogenic-like action in the goldfish, Carassius auratus[J]. Hormones and Behavior, 2014,66(2):317-323.

        [28]HADADIANPOUR Z, FATEHI F, AYOOBI F, et al. The effect of orexin-A on motor and cognitive functions in a rat model of Parkinsons disease[J]. Neurological Research, 2017,39(9):845-851.

        [29]IDA T, NAKAHARA K, KATAYAMA T, et al. Effect of lateral cerebroventricular injection of the appetite-stimulating neuropeptide, orexin and neuropeptide Y, on the various behavioral activities of rats[J]. Brain Research, 1999,821(2):526-529.

        [30]YU L, ZHANG X Y, ZHANG J, et al. Orexins excite neurons of the rat cerebellar nucleus interpositus via orexin 2 receptors in vitro[J]. Cerebellum, 2010,9(1):88-95.

        [31]YU L, ZHANG X Y, CHEN Z P, et al. Orexin excites rat inferior vestibular nuclear neurons via co-activation of OX1 and OX2 receptors[J]. Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria), 2015,122(6):747-755.

        [32]HORVATH T L, PEYRON C, DIANO S, et al. Hypocretin (orexin) activation and synaptic innervation of the locus coe-ruleus noradrenergic system[J]. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1999,415(2):145-159.

        [33]LIU C, XUE Y, LIU M F, et al. Orexins increase the firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons and participate in motor control in rats[J]. Journal of Neurochemistry, 2018,147(3):380-394.

        [34]YOU R, LIU Y, CHANG R C. A behavioral test battery for the repeated assessment of motor skills, mood, and cognition in mice[J]. Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE, 2019(145):e58973.

        [35]WANG X L, XING G H, HONG B, et al. Gastrodin prevents motor deficits and oxidative stress in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinsons disease: involvement of ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway[J]. Life Sciences, 2014,114(2):77-85.

        [36]LIU M F, XUE Y, LIU C, et al. Orexin-A exerts neuroprotective effects via OX1R in Parkinsons disease[J]. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2018,12:835.

        (本文編輯 馬偉平)

        猜你喜歡
        帕金森病小鼠
        小鼠大腦中的“冬眠開關(guān)”
        腸道細(xì)菌改變小鼠更難克服恐懼
        帕金森病不只是手抖這么簡(jiǎn)單,這些“非運(yùn)動(dòng)癥狀”你留意到了嗎
        多吃“回鍋油”或可促癌癥發(fā)展
        降糖藥可治帕金森病
        焦慮、抑郁或是帕金森病先兆
        “帕金森”不止是“抖”
        手不抖,也可能是帕金森病
        寵物小鼠
        国产精品一区二区三区黄片视频| 日日碰狠狠躁久久躁9| 免费网站国产| 四虎国产精品永久在线无码| 99久久综合国产精品免费| 国产精品中文字幕日韩精品| 亚洲av日韩专区在线观看| 国产精品99精品久久免费| 亚洲日韩国产精品乱-久 | 无码国产精品久久一区免费| 男人边吻奶边挵进去视频| 欧美亚洲国产另类在线观看| 亚洲欧洲日产国码久在线| 开心五月激情五月天天五月五月天| 无码人妻丰满熟妇啪啪网不卡| 九月婷婷人人澡人人添人人爽| 国产精品黄色片在线观看| 一区二区三区精彩视频在线观看| 日本高清一区二区三区在线观看| 暖暖 免费 高清 日本 在线| 国产专区国产av| 国内精品福利在线视频| 国产乱人伦偷精品视频还看的| 亚洲综合精品中文字幕| 少妇激情一区二区三区视频| 欧美成人三级一区二区在线观看| 一区二区三区免费视频网站| 国产福利不卡视频在线| 国产在线观看免费视频软件| 男同gay毛片免费可播放| 日韩欧美第一区二区三区| 中文字幕手机在线精品| 超碰人人超碰人人| 久久久天堂国产精品女人| 精品国产福利在线观看网址2022| 人妻色中文字幕免费视频| 不卡日韩av在线播放| 丰满爆乳在线播放| 亚洲国产美女在线观看| 国产女主播大秀在线观看| 国产免码va在线观看免费|