建筑設(shè)計(jì)：褚冬竹/重慶大學(xué)Lab.C.設(shè)計(jì)與研究工作室

1 中庭景觀/Couryard landscape

“一不怕苦，二不怕死。”

“一不為名，二不為利?！?/p>

“下定決心，不怕犧牲，排除萬難，爭取勝利?！?/p>

“一面學(xué)習(xí)，一面生產(chǎn)，克服困難，敵人喪膽。”

“要承認(rèn)困難，分析困難，向困難作斗爭?！?/p>

“億萬人民億萬兵，萬里江山萬里營?！?/p>

“……”

或許，要走進(jìn)崇山峻嶺中這個(gè)代號(hào)“816”的神秘洞體，親身站在巨大空曠的核反應(yīng)廳內(nèi)，才能真切感知墻上那些標(biāo)語不僅僅是標(biāo)語。

連綿群山間的816 小鎮(zhèn)是曾經(jīng)的絕密工程“816”配套機(jī)修廠區(qū)的涅槃轉(zhuǎn)型。

作為三線建設(shè)時(shí)期的軍工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)，816 工程不僅承載著核工業(yè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備與系列工藝空間，更承載了幾代人的理想、青春與風(fēng)華。1966 年，黨中央決定在西南腹地修建我國第二個(gè)核原料工業(yè)基地，定名為“816 工程”，選址重慶市涪陵區(qū)白濤鎮(zhèn)烏江畔。工程建設(shè)之初即被列為絕密級(jí)軍事機(jī)密，白濤地名也一度隨之從地圖上消失。近20 年來，數(shù)萬人在青山綠水間隱名戰(zhàn)斗，揮灑汗水，奉獻(xiàn)青春，最終建成軸向總線長逾20km、世界規(guī)模最大的山體地下洞體工程。隨著國際國內(nèi)局勢(shì)發(fā)生重大變化，1984 年國務(wù)院和中央軍委正式?jīng)Q定停建816 工程，并于2002 年4 月8 日由國防科工委同意解密。

軍工建設(shè)雖已停止，如何使工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)、工廠職工得到更好發(fā)展，如何將建設(shè)者默默無聞、無私奉獻(xiàn)的戰(zhàn)斗精神頌揚(yáng)傳承下去，如何讓更多人學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)悟中國共產(chǎn)黨在嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜的國際形勢(shì)下的智慧與果敢，成為既直面現(xiàn)實(shí)又面向未來的重大需求。于是，相關(guān)配套廠區(qū)、住宿區(qū)逐步開始了新一輪蛻變轉(zhuǎn)型。將原816 機(jī)修廠廠區(qū)改造為集主題教育、休閑旅游、生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)等多樣業(yè)態(tài)于一體的816 小鎮(zhèn)便是其中核心任務(wù)之一。軍工陳列館是816 小鎮(zhèn)主入口區(qū)域的核心內(nèi)容，由縱橫兩個(gè)方向的數(shù)個(gè)廠房組成。

當(dāng)年參與816 工作者的戰(zhàn)斗激情，全部揮灑在了那青山綠水和黝黑洞體之中。走出大山，所有情緒必須全部匿于平靜。克制與理性是紀(jì)律，更是深沉的感情——必須隱忍的感情。對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)者，全過程充滿著一種特別的激情，一種通過現(xiàn)場尚存的磚石草木與也曾年輕過的父輩對(duì)話的激情。這份激情必須適度抑制，以致敬當(dāng)年建設(shè)者的心境與抱負(fù)。同時(shí)，小鎮(zhèn)項(xiàng)目投資極其有限。我們希望以極少的干擾實(shí)現(xiàn)原生場所的變化，拒絕張揚(yáng)，恰如其分，最終以3 個(gè)步驟實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)生成：

第一步“轉(zhuǎn)”：改變和延長入口流線走向和序列。參觀者不再從原入口進(jìn)入，而是被引導(dǎo)至更遠(yuǎn)的廠區(qū)內(nèi)部，再兩次轉(zhuǎn)折從混凝土拱洞通道進(jìn)入陳列館中心空間，既延長了參觀者進(jìn)入博物館前的流程時(shí)間，將外界生活場景與歷史景象一步步串接起來，也結(jié)合高差制造了由低到高、穿越洞體的空間體驗(yàn)。

2 廠房倒影/The reflection of the factory

第二步“消”：去除被緊緊擠壓在中心的廠房外墻和屋頂，僅留結(jié)構(gòu)，拓展全新公共空間。由坡道拱洞出來進(jìn)入中心公共空間后，狹窄壓抑的空間突然變得開敞，面前呈現(xiàn)的是主展館正立面和兩側(cè)的廠房結(jié)構(gòu)。反身回望，巨大的廠房墻體已經(jīng)消除，透過廠房結(jié)構(gòu)輪廓，眼前只有蒼翠青山和悠悠白云。地面上，平靜水面將現(xiàn)實(shí)鏡像復(fù)制。水池遠(yuǎn)端保留的大樹成為視覺焦點(diǎn)，平和靜謐。樹干依然在那個(gè)位置，枝葉卻常年吐新，繼續(xù)念想著那些年、那些人、那些事。

第三步“隱”：隱蔽是816 工程建設(shè)的最大特征。若干年后，當(dāng)這片神秘之地向公眾開放的時(shí)候，那份神秘感是否還能依稀感知？是否還需要感知？在關(guān)鍵空間細(xì)節(jié)中，對(duì)于這份隱藏和神秘進(jìn)行了反復(fù)思量，如1 號(hào)主展館入口處的門廳，選擇球體作為嵌入建筑的轉(zhuǎn)換節(jié)點(diǎn)，新植入的混凝土拱插入舊廠房外墻，一個(gè)球狀空間將參觀者路徑轉(zhuǎn)折進(jìn)入，避免原廠房大門進(jìn)入后的一覽無遺，形成新的視覺和聽覺的體驗(yàn)。

作為一處主題陳列館，設(shè)計(jì)不僅通過藏品內(nèi)容，更通過動(dòng)線序列和情景關(guān)系，一方面將客觀歷史材料和視覺證據(jù)統(tǒng)籌起來，另一方面，更將策展、導(dǎo)覽等主觀判斷和價(jià)值觀植入其中，構(gòu)建態(tài)度明確的信息傳遞方式，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)展示和教育的意義。設(shè)計(jì)拒絕物質(zhì)形態(tài)的劇烈改變，而將重點(diǎn)放在了與時(shí)間序列相關(guān)聯(lián)的空間重組上——不僅是藏品，更是空間和時(shí)間，它們與那些早已陳舊的磚墻砼柱同樣富有意義地存在著，以紀(jì)念半個(gè)世紀(jì)前那個(gè)幾近完成、但如今僅剩下建造物本身的精神與物質(zhì)雙重奇跡。

幾代人的青春記憶，洞體內(nèi)所有標(biāo)語，最終匯成了一句話——“當(dāng)祖國需要的時(shí)候”?！?/p>

3 總平面/Site plan

The 816 Town residing in undulating mountains is the extraordinary transformation the supporting machine repair plant of 816 Project as a top secret dating back to the period of three-line construction.

In 1966,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to construct the second base of nuclear raw materials in the hinterland of Southwest China and designated it as 816 Project.The location of the Project is on the bank of Wujiang River in Baitao Township of Fuling District under Chongqing Municipality.In nearly 20 years,thousands of people devoted their youth in an anonymous way.Finally,the world's largest underground mountain project with a total length of more than 20 kilometres in axial direction was completed.With the remarkable changes of the situations at home and abroad,in 1984,816 Project was terminated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission officially and decrypted on April 8,2002 by the State Commission of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defence.

How to promote a better development of the industrial heritage as well as the staff of the project,how to eulogise and carry on the fighting spirit characterised by anonymous and selfless devotion constituted a major demand required.Thereupon,one of the core tasks was to transform the former Machine Repair Plant of 816 Project into the 816 Town integrating diversified industries such as thematic education,leisure tourism and ecoagriculture.The exhibition hall for military industry,composed of several workshops in vertical and horizontal directions,constitutes the kernel content of the entrance area of 816 Town.

The passion of the workers who took part in 816 Project was fully demonstrated in the mountains as well as the dark caves.Once they walked out of the mountains,they had to manage their moods in a tranquil way.For designers,the whole design process is filled with passion.However,the emotion should be retrained in a moderate way so as to pay tribute to the spiritual realm and ambition of the constructors in the past.At the same time,since the investment to the project is very limited,we hope that the change of the original site can be realised at the cost of minute interruption and refuse ostentation.The design is generated through the following three steps:

Step 1:Transformation.A change has been made toward the line of flow in the former plant through separation,obstruction and guidance.Visitors will not enter via the former entrance,instead,they are guided to the farther interior of the plant before going into the central space of the exhibition hall through two more turns via the passage of a concrete arch cave,which has not only extended the process to enter and gradually connected the outside scenes of life and historical scenes,but also created the spatial experience of passing through the caves from low to high.

Step 2:Removal.Remove the outer wall and roof of the plant building that are tightly concentrated in the centre with the reservation of the structure so as to extend a brand-new public space.After walking out of the arch cave of the ramp and go into the public space in the centre,visitors will find that the narrow and repressive space is replaced by a spacious one all of a sudden.They can see the fa?ade of the major exhibition hall and the structure of plant buildings on both sides.Looking back,they will find that the prodigious wall of plant buildings has been removed.Through the outline of the structure of plant buildings,what jumping into their eyes are only mountains and white clouds.On the ground,like a mirror,the serene surface of water reproduces the reality.

Step 3:Seclusion.The most prominent feature of 816 Project is its seclusion.Years later when the mysterious land was opened to the public,can people still dimly perceive the sense of mystery?And is it necessary for them to perceive the sense of mystery? A sphere is chosen as the switching node at the entrance to Major Exhibition Hall,a newly inlaid concrete arch is inserted into the outer wall of the former plant building,and a spherical space leads visitors to come in via a zigzag path,thus avoiding taking in everything in a glance after entering through the gate of the former plant building and forming a new visual and acoustic experience at the entrance.

As a thematic exhibition hall,it has its unique design which,through not only collected objects,but also the sequence of dynamic curves and situational relation,coordinates objective historical data and visual evidence on the one hand,and integrates the subjective judgment and value about plan exhibition and guide to visitors on the other hand,so as to create an information transfer mode with a clearcut attitude and realise the purpose of exhibition and education in the end.The design is free from the dramatic change on the part of material form and places the emphasis on the spatial reconstruction related to time sequence.New constructions together with those brick walls and concrete columns that have been timeworn for a long time all exist in a significant way to commemorate the double miracles combining spirit and material which was nearly completed half a century ago.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目名稱/Project name:816小鎮(zhèn)軍工陳列館（816工程機(jī)修廠改造）/Military Exhibition Hall of 816 Town(Transformed from Machine Repair Plant of 816 Project)

地點(diǎn)/Location:中國重慶市涪陵區(qū)白濤鎮(zhèn)/Baitao,Fuling,Chongqing,China

客戶/Client:重慶百倉文化創(chuàng)意有限公司/Chongqing Baicang Cultural Creativity Co.,Ltd.

主持建筑師/Principal Architects:褚冬竹/CHU Dongzhu

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team:羅丹娜，喻焰，鄧宇文/LUO Danna,YU Yan,DENG Yuwen

合作/Collaborator:李傳波（重慶百倉文化創(chuàng)意有限公司）/LI Chuanbo (Baicang Cultural Creativity Co.,Ltd.)

材料/Material:清水混凝土/Fair-faced concrete

場地面積/Site Area:11,584 m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area:5950 m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time:2019

施工時(shí)間/Construction Period:2019-2020

繪圖/Drawings:重慶大學(xué)Lab.C.設(shè)計(jì)與研究工作室/Atelier Lab.C.[architecture] of Chongqing University

攝影/Photos:Lab.C.[architecture]，如果視覺

4.5 主展廳內(nèi)部/Interior views of the main exhibition

6 816小鎮(zhèn)航拍（改造后）/Aerial view after renovation

7 平面/Plan

8 流線-原廠區(qū)/Circulation before renovation

9 流線-改造后/Circulation after renovation

10 軸測分解/Axonometric drawing

11 入口長坡道/Long entrance ramp

12 星光書院室內(nèi)/Interior view of Starlight study hall