建筑設(shè)計：曾雪松/成都市建筑設(shè)計研究院

1 建設(shè)背景

兩千年來，成都城址未易、城名未變，在龍門山和龍泉山之間呈同心圓狀擴(kuò)張。東進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施，讓成都由“兩山夾一城”的逼仄變?yōu)椤耙簧竭B兩翼”的開闊，龍泉山則升級為世界級公園城市綠心。丹景閣位于龍泉山城市森林公園南段示范區(qū)內(nèi)，坐落于海拔737m 的丹景山頂，是龍泉山城市森林公園的第一個先導(dǎo)性、示范性、引領(lǐng)性項(xiàng)目。作為項(xiàng)目制高點(diǎn)，能同時遠(yuǎn)眺東部新區(qū)和三岔湖，是當(dāng)前成都“東進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略”和“公園城市”建設(shè)的先行者和見證者。

2 文脈傳承

龍泉山脈是成都迎接第一縷陽光的方位，這與金沙文化太陽崇拜一脈相承。“蜀中何物靈，有竹慈為名”設(shè)計融入天府文化中的竹文化元素，竹的神韻、竹的精神、竹的價值，都在丹景閣得到了淋漓盡致的體現(xiàn)。

3 設(shè)計演繹

通過對中國傳統(tǒng)樓閣塔和密檐塔的形式與功能進(jìn)行比較分析，將中國傳統(tǒng)樓閣式塔和密檐式塔元素進(jìn)行提煉融合，設(shè)計采用樓閣塔的觀光休閑功能，融合密檐塔的挑檐典型特征，將樓層單元演繹為竹節(jié)狀斜撐，體現(xiàn)節(jié)節(jié)攀升的張力感與韻律美，以現(xiàn)代手法演繹中國傳統(tǒng)樓閣經(jīng)典形象。

建筑主體高39m，共5 層，頂層設(shè)置夾層，通過參數(shù)化控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)層層自然收分，形成優(yōu)美收分形態(tài)，頂層收分比例接近黃金比例0.618。

結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯借鑒四川非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)——油紙傘，外廊與挑檐采用傘狀的竹木斜撐，通過中部鋼結(jié)構(gòu)核心筒受力，形成層層外張的結(jié)構(gòu)韻律美。

建筑內(nèi)部共5 層。核心筒設(shè)置垂直交通和輔助功能用房。首層為接待與展示，采用通透明亮的玻璃幕墻圍合成環(huán)形門廳兼展廊。二至五層，環(huán)繞核心筒依次設(shè)置觀景外廊，根據(jù)立面收分，寬度逐層遞減。通過音像結(jié)合方式分別植入觀山、觀竹、觀林、觀日出等觀光主題。

4 就地取材

竹木，即高性能竹基纖維復(fù)合材料，是一種將天然竹材重新組織并強(qiáng)化成型的竹質(zhì)新材料，是“以竹代木、以竹代鋼”的最佳產(chǎn)品?！笆晃濉币?guī)劃期間被列入“863 計劃”，使竹木的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域大大擴(kuò)展，取得了良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益。和傳統(tǒng)材料相比，具有綠色環(huán)保、強(qiáng)度高、易加工、阻燃性強(qiáng)多重優(yōu)勢。本項(xiàng)目所用竹木及原材料均來自成都周邊的洪雅縣貧困地區(qū)，對增加當(dāng)?shù)刂褶r(nóng)的收入、精準(zhǔn)扶貧、促進(jìn)農(nóng)民就業(yè)和發(fā)展竹產(chǎn)區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)具有十分重要的示范意義。

為應(yīng)對山頂多變的氣候考驗(yàn)，屋面系統(tǒng)采用蜂窩鋁板水平層疊鋪設(shè)，形成輕盈通透屋蓋。蜂窩鋁板具有重量輕、平整度高、耐候性和自潔性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。表面采用金紫雙色幻彩輥涂，隨著觀賞角度及光線變化而變幻，呈現(xiàn)“紫氣東來”之理念。

5 建造策略

項(xiàng)目選址海拔高，施工作業(yè)、運(yùn)輸均較為困難，設(shè)計與建造均采用裝配式策略，通過BIM+技術(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計、降低成本、縮短工期。主體鋼結(jié)構(gòu)由工廠定制構(gòu)件現(xiàn)場安裝，解決商業(yè)混凝土無法運(yùn)輸?shù)碾y題，外廊主要構(gòu)件竹木斜撐，在洪雅縣就地取材加工后現(xiàn)場組裝，與傳統(tǒng)建造方式相比，擁有建造速度快、節(jié)省人工并可提高建筑質(zhì)量等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

6 小結(jié)

丹景閣作為成都龍泉山城市森林公園首批示范項(xiàng)目，充分體現(xiàn)當(dāng)前成都“公園城市”“東進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略”的深刻背景與內(nèi)涵。項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計與建造，時間緊任務(wù)重，得到了社會各界諸多專家學(xué)者的寶貴建議與支持。九天開出一成都，萬戶千門入畫圖，從此，海拔700m 的城市之巔又多了一道美麗的剪影。□

1 總平面圖/Site plan

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view

3 外景/Exterior view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location:成都市龍泉山森林公園/Longquan City Forest Park in Chengdu

客戶/Client:成都市龍泉山森林公園投資經(jīng)營有限公司/Chengdu Longquan City Forest Park Investment Management Co.,Ltd.

主持建筑師/Principal Architects:曾雪松/ZENG Xuesong

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊/Design Team:成都市建筑設(shè)計研究院/Chengdu Architectural Design and Research Institute

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人/Principal-In-Charge:宋偉，何昕/SONG Wei,HE Xin

項(xiàng)目成員/Project Members:王明哲，張玉魁，馬一濤，黃順，許濤，楊伊/WANG Mingzhe,ZHANG Yukui,MA Yitao,HUANG Shun,XU Tao,YANG Yi

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計/Structural Design:成都市建筑設(shè)計研究院/Chengdu Architectural Design and Research Institute

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師/Structural Engineers:徐軍，陳彬，尹福綿，劉競/XU Jun,CHEN Bin,YIN Fumian,LIU Jing

施工圖設(shè)計/Architects of Record:谷耀國，曾慶鵬，樵亮亮，劉堯，黃婭男，吳曉冬，徐正權(quán)等（成都市建筑設(shè)計研究院）/GU Yaoguo,ZENG Qingpeng,QIAO Liangliang,LIU Yao,HUANG Yanan,WU Xiaodong,XU Zhengquan,et al.(Chengdu Architectural Design and Research Institute)

總承建/General Contractor:成都建工路橋建設(shè)有限公司/Chengdu Construction Engineering Group

結(jié)構(gòu)體系/Structural System:鋼結(jié)構(gòu)/Steel材料/Material:竹木，幻彩復(fù)合蜂窩鋁板，玻璃幕墻/Bamboo,honeycomb aluminium plates,Curtain glass

場地面積/Site Area:5990.74 m2

基底面積/Built Area:262.44 m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area:1203.24 m2

建筑使用面積/Net Floor Area:980 m2

造價/Cost:23,000,000 CNY

施工時間/Construction Period:2019.05-2020.01

攝影/Photos:規(guī)一攝影/Guiyi Photography

4 內(nèi)景/Interior view

5.6 細(xì)部/Details

1 Background

For 2000 years,the location of Chengdu has remained unchanged,the name of the city also unchanged.It expands between the Longmen Mountain and the Longquan Mountain like a concentric circle.During the implementation of the"Eastward Strategy",Chengdu was transformed from a narrow site of "two mountains holding a city" into an open region with "one mountain and two wings".Longquan Mountain is upgraded into the green heart of the world-class park city.Danjing Pavilion is located in the southern section of Longquan Mountain Park demonstration area,at the top of the Danjing Mountain 737 metres above sea level.The Pavilion is the first demonstrative,leading and pilot project in the Longquan Mountain Park.As the highest point of the project,the Pavilion simultaneously enjoys the view of the new east district and Three Forks Lake,and is the pioneer and witness of the Eastward Strategy and Park City building in Chengdu.

2 Cultural Inheritance

The Longquan Mountains salute to the first rays of sunlight in Chengdu,coinciding with the sun worship in the Jinsha culture."What is the mysterious spirit of Sichuan? Bamboo is known for its kindness." The design incorporates bamboo culture elements from the Tianfu culture.The spirit,charm and value of bamboo at Danjing Pavilion was vividly reflected.

3 Design Interpretation

By comparing and analysing the form and function of traditional Chinese pavilion towers and multi-eave pagodas,we refined and combined theirelements in the design,adopting the sightseeingand leisure features of the pavilion towers,and the overhang eaves featuretypical of the multi-eave pagodas.Each floor unit is interpreted as bamboo-like diagonal bracings,reflecting the ever-rising tension and sense of rhythm,a modern interpretation of the classic Chinese pavilions.

The main building is 39-metre-high with 5 floors in total.The top floor has a mezzanine level,through parametric control,each level is naturally shaped,making up a beautiful collection of forms.The top-level shaping ratio is close to the Golden Ratio of 0.618.The Sichuan paper umbrella,an intangible cultural heritage,was used as a structural logic reference.The external gallery and the eaves are braced with umbrella-shaped bamboo and wood elements,which are supported by the central steel structural core,creating a rhythmic structure with layers.The building has five floors.The core tube contains the vertical transport and accessible function rooms.The groundfloor is used for reception and exhibition,with transparent glass curtain walls surrounding the ring shaped foyer and gallery.On the first to fourth floor,viewing galleries are arranged around the core tube,with floor width decreasing from one level to the next,based on the elevation changes.Through a combination of sound and video,tourism topics such as scenic views of mountains,bamboo,forest,and sunrise are integrated.

4 The Use of Local Materials

Bamboo wood,refers to the high performance bamboo based fibre composite material.It is a strengthened and pre-shaped new material made from natural bamboo,and is the best product for the "substitute steel and timber with bamboo"initiative.During the 11th Five-Year Plan,it was listed in the "863 Plan",which greatly expanded the application of bamboo and wood,and achieved good economic and social benefits.Compared with traditional materials,it has multiple advantages ofbeing green,strong,easy to process,and flame retardant.Bamboo wood and raw materials used in the project are from the surrounding povertystricken areas of Hongya County near Chengdu.This has a very important significance in increasing the income of local bamboo farmers,alleviating poverty with accuracy,promoting rural employment and developing the economy of bamboo producing areas.

In response to the ever-changing climate on the hilltop,the roof system is made up of aluminium honeycomb panels laid in horizontal layers,to create a light and transparent roof.Aluminium honeycomb panels have the advantages of light weight,high smoothness,good weather resistanceand selfcleaning.The surface is roller coated in gold and purple,which changes as the viewing angle and the light changes,presenting the idea of "a propitious omen".

5 Building Strategy

Because the project site is high above sea level,the construction and transportation are very difficult.The design and construction adopted prefabricated strategies.Through BIM+technology,it can optimise the design,reduce costs,and shorten construction duration.The main steel structure was prefabricated in the factory and installed on site,solvingthe problem thatcommercial concrete cannot be transported.The main components of exterior corridors are made of bamboo wood,which are sourced and processed locally in the Hongya County and assembled on site.Compared with traditional construction methods,this has the advantages of fast construction,laboursaving and improved construction quality.

6 Conclusion

Danjing Pavilion is one of the first pilot projects of Chengdu Longquan Mountain City Forest Parks,fully reflecting the background and the deep meaning of the current "Park City" image and "Eastward Strategy" of Chengdu.The design and construction of the project was faced withtight schedule and heavy tasks,and received very valuable advices and support from many experts and scholars in the community."The nine heavens have opened up a city of Chengdu,and ten thousand homes and doors have entered the picture." Since then,a beautiful silhouette has become part ofthe city peak as high as 700 metres.□

7 門廳/Entrance hall