郝松莉 侯麗輝 徐芳 孫淼 張春蘭 孟小鈺
[摘要] 目的 探討脂質(zhì)蓄積指數(shù)(LAP)對多囊卵巢綜合征(PCOS)患者發(fā)生代謝綜合征(MS)的預測價值。 方法 選擇2015年6月—2019年12月于黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學附屬第一醫(yī)院婦科門診就診的PCOS患者507例。根據(jù)MS診斷標準分為PCOS合并MS組200例,PCOS非MS組307例。收集患者的一般臨床資料、臨床生化指標以及計算LAP值。 結(jié)果 兩組的收縮壓、舒張壓、體重、體重指數(shù)、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀比、黃體生成素、黃體生成素/卵泡刺激素、雄烯二酮、性激素結(jié)合球蛋白、游離雄激素指數(shù)、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、空腹胰島素、餐后2 h胰島素、穩(wěn)態(tài)模型胰島素抵抗指數(shù)、三酰甘油、總膽固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、載脂蛋白A、載脂蛋白B、載脂蛋白B/載脂蛋白A、LAP水平及肥胖、中心性肥胖、黑棘皮、痤瘡、胰島素抵抗發(fā)生率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。Spearman相關(guān)性分析顯示,LAP與體重、體重指數(shù)、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀比、空腹胰島素、穩(wěn)態(tài)模型胰島素抵抗指數(shù)、三酰甘油、總膽固醇、載脂蛋白B、載脂蛋白B/載脂蛋白A呈正相關(guān)(r = 0.398、0.452、0.469、0.345、0.349、0.308、0.269、0.800、0.143、0.214、0.172,均P < 0.05);與黃體生成素、黃體生成素/卵泡刺激素、性激素結(jié)合球蛋白、高密度脂蛋白呈負相關(guān)(r = -0.179、-0.142、-0.143、-0.327,均P < 0.05)。ROC曲線顯示,LAP曲線下面積為0.90,最佳切點為47.51,敏感度為86.50%,特異度為81.40%。 結(jié)論 LAP對PCOS患者發(fā)生MS的預測價值較高,可作為PCOS患者篩查MS的可靠標志物。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 脂質(zhì)蓄積指數(shù);多囊卵巢綜合征;代謝綜合征;預測價值
[中圖分類號] R588.6? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)10(c)-0126-04
Predictive value of lipid accumulation index for metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
HAO Songli? ?HOU Lihui? ?XU Fang? ?SUN Miao? ?ZHANG Chunlan? ?MENG Xiaoyu
Department of Gynaecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin? ?150040, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the predictive value of lipid accumulation index (LAP) for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods From June 2015 to December 2019, 507 patients with PCOS were selected from the Gynecological Outpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine. According to MS diagnostic criteria, they were divided into PCOS with MS group (200 cases) and PCOS non MS group (307 cases). The general clinical data, clinical biochemical indexes and LAP value were collected. Results Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin, free androgen index, fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h blood glucose, fasting insulin, postprandial 2 hours insulin, insulin resistance index of steady-state model, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A, LAP levels and the incidence rate of obesity, central obesity, black acanthosis, acne and insulin resistance between two groups were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that: LAP was positively correlated with body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, fasting insulin, homeostasis model insulin resistance index, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A (r = 0.398, 0.452, 0.469, 0.345, 0.349, 0.308, 0.269, 0.800, 0.143, 0.214, 0.172, all P < 0.05). LAP was negatively correlated with luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone binding globulin and high density lipoprotein (r = -0.179, -0.142, -0.143, -0.327, all P < 0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under LAP curve was 0.90, the optimal tangent point was 47.51, the sensitivity was 86.50%, and the specificity was 81.40%. Conclusion LAP has a high predictive value for the occurrence of MS in PCOS patients, and can be a reliable marker for screening MS in PCOS.
[Key words] Lipid accumulation index; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Metabolic syndrome; Predictive value
多囊卵巢綜合征(PCOS)是育齡期女性常見且復雜的內(nèi)分泌疾病,臨床以稀發(fā)排卵、雄激素過多及卵巢多囊樣改變?yōu)樘卣鱗1]。遠期發(fā)生糖尿病、代謝綜合征、非酒精性脂肪肝和冠狀動脈疾病等風險增加[2-5]。代謝綜合征(MS)是一組與糖尿病、心血管疾病和全因死亡率高度相關(guān)的代謝異常的集合[6],在PCOS女性中,MS的存在可能進一步增加現(xiàn)有的代謝異常風險,因此需要尋找一個在PCOS患者中能早期預測MS的標志物。脂質(zhì)蓄積指數(shù)(LAP)是基于腰圍(WC)和三酰甘油(TG)計算得出的指標,對反映人體脂質(zhì)蓄積程度和內(nèi)臟脂肪含量具有重要價值[7]。本研究旨在探討PCOS患者中LAP與MS之間的關(guān)系,評估LAP用于預測PCOS患者發(fā)生MS的臨床價值。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年6月—2019年12月于黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學附屬第一醫(yī)院婦科門診就診的PCOS患者507例。根據(jù)MS診斷標準分為PCOS合并MS組200例,PCOS非MS組307例。
1.2 診斷標準
PCOS診斷標準:依據(jù)2003年鹿特丹診斷標準[8]。MS診斷標準:依據(jù)美國國家膽固醇教育計劃成人治療組第3次指南(NCEP-ATP Ⅲ)[9]。
1.3 觀察指標
①一般資料:年齡、初潮年齡、血壓、身高、體重、體重指數(shù)(BMI)、WC、臀圍、腰臀比(WHR),多毛、黑棘皮、痤瘡、溢脂發(fā)生率;②性激素指標:黃體生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)、睪酮(T)、硫酸脫氫表雄酮(DHEAS)、雄烯二酮(AND)、性激素結(jié)合球蛋白(SHBG),計算游離雄激素指數(shù)(FAI);③糖代謝指標:空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖、空腹胰島素(FINS)、餐后2 h胰島素,計算穩(wěn)態(tài)模型胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR);④脂代謝指標:總膽固醇(TC)、TG、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、載脂蛋白A、載脂蛋白B,計算LAP[LAP=(WC-58)×TG]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 25.0統(tǒng)計學軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗;不符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料以中位數(shù)(四分位間距)[M(P25,P75)]表示,組間比較采用非參數(shù)檢驗。計數(shù)資料以頻數(shù)(百分比)[例(%)]表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗。相關(guān)性采用Spearman分析。ROC曲線分析LAP對MS的診斷價值。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者臨床特征比較
兩組的收縮壓、舒張壓、體重、BMI、腰圍、臀圍、WHR、LH、LH/FSH、AND、SHBG、FAI、FPG、餐后2 h血糖、FINS、餐后2 h胰島素、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、HDL、LDL、載脂蛋白A、載脂蛋白B、載脂蛋白B/載脂蛋白A、LAP水平及肥胖、中心性肥胖、黑棘皮、痤瘡、胰島素抵抗發(fā)生率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 LAP與MS組其他變量的相關(guān)性分析
LAP與PCOS合并MS患者的體重(r = 0.398,P = 0.000)、BMI(r = 0.452,P = 0.000)、WC(r = 0.469,P = 0.000)、臀圍(r = 0.345,P = 0.000)、WHR(r = 0.349,P = 0.000)、FINS(r = 0.308,P = 0.000)、HOMA-IR(r = 0.269,P = 0.000)、TG(r = 0.800,P = 0.000)、TC(r = 0.143,P = 0.043)、載脂蛋白B(r = 0.214,P = 0.002)、載脂蛋白B/載脂蛋白A(r = 0.172,P = 0.015)呈正相關(guān);與LH(r = -0.179,P = 0.011)、LH/FSH(r = -0.142,P = 0.045)、SHBG(r = -0.143,P = 0.043)、HDL(r = -0.327,P = 0.000)呈負相關(guān)。
2.3 ROC曲線分析
LAP預測PCOS患者發(fā)生MS的曲線下面積為0.90(95%CI:0.872~0.927),LAP = 47.51為診斷MS的最佳切點,敏感度為86.50%,特異度為81.40%。見圖1。
3 討論
在本研究中,PCOS患者MS的發(fā)生率為39.45%。Zahiri等[10]對伊朗215例PCOS患者調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)MS發(fā)生率為28.8%;兩項來自希臘和美國的研究顯示,PCOS中MS的發(fā)生率分別為12.6%和47.3%[11-12]。在國內(nèi),曹利萍等[13]和武紅琴等[14]分別對榆林市及北京市PCOS患者進行調(diào)查研究,結(jié)果顯示,MS的發(fā)生率為31.29%和43.89%。這種不同患病率可能與遺傳因素、種族、地域、飲食和生活方式的差異有關(guān),以及不同的MS診斷標準及樣本量,但研究結(jié)果均提示PCOS患者存在較高的MS發(fā)病風險。
肥胖和胰島素抵抗是連接PCOS與MS的橋梁[15-16]。在本研究中,PCOS合并MS患者肥胖發(fā)生率及糖脂代謝異常水平顯著高于非MS患者。肥胖在全球死亡原因列表中排第五[17],與普通肥胖比較,中心性肥胖與代謝異常高度相關(guān)。肥胖患者脂肪細胞分泌的炎癥因子增多使機體處于慢性低度炎癥狀態(tài),干擾胰島素受體底物的酪氨酸磷酸化和代謝,引起胰島素信號轉(zhuǎn)導通路異常,導致胰島素抵抗的發(fā)生[18]。胰島素抵抗可促進肝臟對TG、極低密度脂蛋白的合成與分泌并降低對兩者的清除,同時抑制HDL的合成并加速其分解,從而引起高脂血癥[19]。因此,對于肥胖的PCOS患者應(yīng)重視糖脂指標的篩查,有利于早期診斷并實施藥物或生活方式干預。
LAP最早是由Kahn[20]提出,近年來研究表明,LAP具有預測部分健康人群心血管疾病、非酒精性脂肪肝和MS等疾病風險的潛力[21-23],且預測效能優(yōu)于BMI[17,24]。Motamed等[25]報道了LAP預測伊朗女性MS的截斷值為49.71(敏感度=85.2%,特異度=82.3%),王瑋[26]對138例PCOS患者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當LAP截斷值為56.82時,具有最大敏感度(84.6%)和特異度(83.8%)。在本研究中,LAP預測PCOS發(fā)生MS的曲線下面積為0.90,提示LAP診斷PCOS罹患MS的準確性較高,當截斷值為47.51時,具有較高的敏感度和特異度。目前使用LAP預測PCOS患者發(fā)生MS尚無統(tǒng)一的參考區(qū)間,仍需要大范圍的流行病學研究以制訂規(guī)范的LAP參考值。
綜上所述,PCOS患者MS患病率高,LAP是一種簡單、獨立的臨床指標,對PCOS患者發(fā)生MS的預測價值較高,可作為PCOS患者篩查MS的可靠標志物,從而早期預測與干預MS以降低遠期心腦血管疾病等并發(fā)癥的發(fā)病風險。
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(收稿日期:2020-04-26)
[基金項目] 國家中醫(yī)臨床研究基地科研項目(JDZX2015059);黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學校科研基金資助項目(201828);黑龍江省中醫(yī)藥管理局科研項目(ZHY18-004)。
[作者簡介] 郝松莉(1978.3-),女,博士,副主任醫(yī)師,主要從事中西醫(yī)結(jié)合診療不孕癥、多囊卵巢綜合征等生殖內(nèi)分泌疾病的臨床及科研工作。