黃錢娥 蔡琴紅 黃宇清
[摘要]目的 探討降尿酸藥物對冠心病合并高尿酸血癥介入術(shù)患者造影劑腎病(CIN)的預(yù)防作用,以及對超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的影響。方法 選取2017年1月~2019年1月在廣州市增城區(qū)人民醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科住院,并且診斷為冠心病合并高尿酸血癥,入院后接受冠狀動脈造影術(shù)或支架植入術(shù)治療的90例患者,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對照組、非布司他組和苯溴馬隆組,每組各30例?;颊咴谠煊盎蛑Ъ苤踩胄g(shù)前均采用冠心病二級預(yù)防治療。非布司他組術(shù)前24 h開始口服非布司他40 mg/d,苯溴馬隆組術(shù)前24 h開始口服苯溴馬隆50 mg/d,對照組不服用降尿酸藥物。比較三組術(shù)前48 h及術(shù)后72 h血肌酐、血尿酸、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、hs-CRP水平,并記錄CIN發(fā)生率。結(jié)果 三組術(shù)后72 h血肌酐、Cys-C水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。非布司他組和苯溴馬隆組術(shù)后72 h血尿酸、hs-CRP低于對照組(P<0.05)。非布司他組及苯溴馬隆組術(shù)后72 h的血尿酸水平均低于術(shù)前48 h,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);非布司他組及苯溴馬隆組術(shù)后72 h的血肌酐、Cys-C及hs-CRP水平與術(shù)前48 h比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。非布司他組CIN發(fā)生率為13.33%(4/30),苯溴馬隆組CIN發(fā)生率為13.33%(4/30),對照組CIN發(fā)生率為16.67%(5/30),組間兩兩CIN發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 術(shù)前24 h開始降尿酸治療不能降低冠心病合并高尿酸血癥患者CIN的發(fā)生率,但可以降低hs-CRP水平,對于術(shù)后遠(yuǎn)期腎功能的影響則需進(jìn)一步研究。
[關(guān)鍵詞]冠心病;高尿酸血癥;造影劑腎病;非布司他;苯溴馬隆
[中圖分類號] R692? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2020)8(b)-0050-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the preventive effect of uric acid lowering drugs on coronary artery disease complicated with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), and the effect on hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Methods A total of 90 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of the Zengcheng District People′s Hospital of Guangzhou from January 2017 to January 2019 and were diagnosed with coronary heart disease and hyperuricemia were admitted to the hospital for coronary angiography or stent implantation patient. Random number table method was used to divide patients into control group, febuxostat group and benzbromarone group, 30 cases in each group.Patients were treated with secondary prevention of coronary heart disease before angiography or stent implantation. The patients in the febuxostat group was treated with Febuxostat 40 mg/d 24 hours before surgery, and the patients in the benzbromarone group was treated with Benzbromarone 50 mg/d 24 hours before surgery. The patients in the control group did not receive any uric acid lowering drugs. The levels of blood creatinine, blood uric acid, cystatin C (Cys-C), and hs-CRP were compared among the three groups at 48 hours before surgery and 72 hours after surgery, and the incidence of CIN was recorded. Results There were no significant differences in serum creatinine and Cys-C levels among the three groups after 72 hours (P>0.05). The blood uric acid and hs-CRP of the febuxostat group and benzbromarone group at 72 hours after surgery were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The blood uric acid level in the febuxostat group and the benzbromarone group at 72 hours after surgery was lower than that at 48 hours before surgery, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of serum creatinine, Cys-C and hs-CRP at 72 hours after surgery in febuxostat group and benzbromarone group were compared with 48 hours before surgery, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence of CIN in the febuxostat group was 13.33% (4/30), the incidence of CIN in the benzbromarone group was 13.33% (4/30), and the incidence of CIN in the control group was 16.67% (5/30). There was no significant difference in the incidence of CIN among groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Starting uric acid lowering therapy 24 hours before surgery cannot reduce the incidence of CIN in patients with coronary heart disease and hyperuricemia, but it can reduce the level of hs-CRP. The effect on long-term renal function after surgery needs further study.
[Key words] Coronary heart disease; Hyperuricemia; Contrast-induced nephropathy; Febuxostat; Benbromarone
冠狀動脈介入手術(shù)包括冠狀動脈造影及支架植入治療,已成為冠心病患者的主要治療手段,其中不少患者存在造影劑腎病(CIN)的高危因素[1]。研究報(bào)道CIN的發(fā)生率不等,在1%~30%,大多數(shù)CIN的病程呈自限性,但任其發(fā)展會增加患者的住院時(shí)間、心血管不良事件的發(fā)生及死亡率[2]。近年來不少研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高尿酸血癥是冠心病患者冠狀動脈造影或支架植入術(shù)后CIN發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[3-4],但是關(guān)于降尿酸治療是否能降低冠心病合并高尿酸血癥患者CIN發(fā)生率的相關(guān)臨床研究及報(bào)道較少,目前尚不明確。本研究旨在分析減少尿酸合成藥物非布司他和促進(jìn)尿酸排泄藥物苯溴馬隆對冠心病合并高尿酸血癥患者術(shù)后CIN發(fā)生率的影響及其對超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)水平影響,為臨床預(yù)防高尿酸患者的CIN提供新的有效方法,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選擇2017年1月~2019年1月在廣州市增城區(qū)人民醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科住院,并且診斷為冠心病合并高尿酸血癥,入院后接受冠狀動脈造影術(shù)或支架植入術(shù)治療的90例患者,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為對照組和非布司他組、苯溴馬隆組三組,每組各30例。冠心病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):經(jīng)冠狀動脈造影術(shù)診斷,冠狀動脈或其主要分支至少一支血管狹窄程度超過50%。高尿酸血癥診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5]:正常嘌呤飲食狀態(tài)下,非同日兩次空腹尿酸水平男性超過420 μmol/L,女性超過360 μmol/L。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①年齡<18歲者;②肝功能損害者;③慢性腎臟病者;④心功能衰竭者;⑤近2周內(nèi)應(yīng)用造影劑者;⑥近2周應(yīng)用降尿酸藥物者。本研究已獲得所有入組患者知情同意,且經(jīng)廣州市增城區(qū)人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會審核批準(zhǔn)。
三組患者的性別、年齡、體重指數(shù)(BMI)、吸煙、合并高血壓、合并高脂血癥、造影劑用量、使用血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶抑制劑(ACEI)/血管緊張素Ⅱ受體阻滯劑(ARB)藥物等一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1),具有可比性。
1.2方法
全部患者予冠心病二級預(yù)防基礎(chǔ)治療、經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈造影或支架植入術(shù),且術(shù)前6 h及術(shù)后12 h給予0.9%生理鹽水進(jìn)行水化預(yù)防CIN的發(fā)生,具體方法為:采用速度為1 ml/(kg·min)進(jìn)行持續(xù)滴注。非布司他組:術(shù)前24 h開始口服非布司他40 mg/d(江蘇萬邦生化醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,規(guī)格:40 mg,國藥準(zhǔn)字:H20130058,生產(chǎn)批號:200805)。苯溴馬隆組:術(shù)前24 h開始口服苯溴馬隆50 mg/d(德國赫曼大藥廠,規(guī)格:50 mg,國藥準(zhǔn)字:J20090012,進(jìn)口藥品注冊證號:H20090138,生產(chǎn)批號:200204)。對照組:不服用降尿酸藥物。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
所有患者在術(shù)前48 h及術(shù)后72 h抽血,分別檢測血肌酐、血尿酸及胱抑素C(Cys-C)、hs-CRP水平。記錄每組CIN發(fā)生情況,CIN診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:使用造影劑后72 h內(nèi)血肌酐較基線升高25%或血肌酐升高44 μmol/L[6]。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS Statistics 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),治療前后的比較采用配對t檢驗(yàn);多組間比較采用方差分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料采用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1三組術(shù)前48 h、術(shù)后72 h血肌酐、血尿酸、Cys-C及hs-CRP水平的比較
非布司他組和對照組、苯溴馬隆組和對照組分別比較,術(shù)前48 h的血肌酐、血尿酸、Cys-C、hs-CRP水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),術(shù)后72 h的血肌酐、Cys-C水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);非布司他組及苯溴馬隆組術(shù)后72 h的血尿酸、hs-CRP水平低均于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。非布司他組及苯溴馬隆組術(shù)后72 h的血尿酸水平均低于術(shù)前48 h,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);非布司他組及苯溴馬隆組術(shù)后72 h的血肌酐、Cys-C及hs-CRP水平與術(shù)前48 h比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。非布司他組及苯溴馬隆組術(shù)后72 h血肌酐、血尿酸、Cys-C及hs-CRP水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表2)。
2.2三組CIN發(fā)生率的比較
非布司他組CIN發(fā)生率為13.33%(4/30),苯溴馬隆組CIN發(fā)生率為13.33%(4/30),對照組CIN發(fā)生率為16.67%(5/30),組間兩兩CIN發(fā)生率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
3討論
研究表明高尿酸血癥與腎臟病的進(jìn)展有關(guān)[7-8],不少研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),高尿酸血癥與經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療(PCI)術(shù)后患者的院內(nèi)死亡率和CIN發(fā)生率相關(guān)[3-4,8]。尿酸是嘌呤代謝的終產(chǎn)物,尿酸升高抑制了一氧化氮(NO)從內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的釋放[9-10],從而導(dǎo)致腎臟血流的減少。此外,尿酸可以增加血管平滑肌細(xì)胞中趨化因子單核細(xì)胞趨化蛋白1(MCP-1)的產(chǎn)生,增強(qiáng)人血管內(nèi)皮和平滑肌細(xì)胞中C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)的合成[10-11],尿酸還可以抑制內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移,并引起內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞凋亡[12],故高尿酸患者更容易發(fā)生CIN。
一項(xiàng)對150例冠心病合并糖尿病患者CIN發(fā)生率的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高尿酸血癥組CIN發(fā)生率(27.27%)高于血尿酸正常組(10.53%),高尿酸血癥是CIN發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[13]。Liu等[14]研究提示,高尿酸血癥是CIN的一個(gè)獨(dú)立的危險(xiǎn)因素,其顯著增加了正在接受冠狀動脈造影治療患者的住院不良結(jié)局,在PCI術(shù)前測量血尿酸水平可能是評估發(fā)生CIN風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和短期臨床預(yù)后的有效方法,并提示促尿酸排泄治療可能對預(yù)防CIN有效。而最近的一項(xiàng)前瞻性隨機(jī)對照研究選取了159例血肌酐>1.1 mg/dl的患者,在進(jìn)行造影劑和常規(guī)水化治療前24 h給予治療組患者口服別嘌呤醇,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對照組CIN發(fā)生率為7.5%,而尿酸濃度在介入治療48 h后從6.8 mg/dl下降到6.3 mg/dl,而口服別嘌呤醇組患者無一例發(fā)生CIN,尿酸濃度在介入治療48 h后從6.8 mg/dl下降到5.48 mg/dl,提示促尿酸排泄治療可能對接受PCI或其他手術(shù)患者的CIN治療有效[15]。
非布司他是一種新型選擇性黃嘌呤氧化酶抑制劑,本研究結(jié)果顯示,非布司他組術(shù)后72 h的血尿酸水平低于術(shù)前48 h(P<0.05),提示非布司他降尿酸治療有效,但與對照組術(shù)后72 h的血肌酐水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。苯溴馬隆為苯駢呋喃衍生物,主要通過抑制腎小管對尿酸的重吸收,從而降低血中尿酸濃度。本研究結(jié)果顯示,苯溴馬隆組術(shù)后72 h血肌酐水平與對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),非布司他組與苯溴馬隆組與對照組的CIN發(fā)生率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。分析原因,可能與本研究非布司他組與苯溴馬隆組術(shù)前24 h開始服藥,服藥時(shí)間短,且術(shù)后觀察期較短有關(guān),但非布司他組與苯溴馬隆組患者腎功能惡化趨勢較對照組減低,且可以降低患者h(yuǎn)s-CRP水平,與國外報(bào)道基本一致[16],可能對遠(yuǎn)期腎功能有保護(hù)作用。本研究存在以下局限性:本研究周期短,術(shù)后超過72 h及遠(yuǎn)期患者腎功能是否出現(xiàn)異常,降尿酸是否保護(hù)CIN患者遠(yuǎn)期腎功能,還需進(jìn)一步研究及大規(guī)模臨床研究證實(shí)。
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(收稿日期:2020-05-27)