李雁歡 陳善洋 廖倩文 陳燕奎
摘? 要:在鄉(xiāng)村振興發(fā)展的背景下,梅江區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展面臨新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn),挖掘鄉(xiāng)村資源、科學(xué)構(gòu)建鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展?jié)摿υu(píng)價(jià)體系對(duì)分類推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略具有重要意義。該文以梅江區(qū)村域個(gè)體為研究對(duì)象,通過實(shí)地村域的實(shí)地調(diào)查,從人口經(jīng)濟(jì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)、文化、生態(tài)、教育和區(qū)位聯(lián)系6個(gè)層面科學(xué)構(gòu)建梅江區(qū)村域發(fā)展?jié)摿υu(píng)價(jià)體系,在“一村一規(guī)劃”思路下,將梅江區(qū)村域類型劃分為:城鎮(zhèn)共融帶動(dòng)型、休閑旅游發(fā)展型及特色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展型三類,并針對(duì)三類鄉(xiāng)村提出科學(xué)發(fā)展策略。
關(guān)鍵詞:鄉(xiāng)村振興? 鄉(xiāng)村資源? 鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展?jié)摿? 評(píng)估? 梅江區(qū)
中圖分類號(hào):F321.32 ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1672-3791(2020)08(a)-0237-05
Study on the Division and Development Strategy of Villages in Meijiang District of Meizhou City
LI? Yanhuan? CHEN? Shanyang? LIAO? Qianwen? CHEN? Yankui*
(College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, 514015 China)
Abstract: In the context of rural revitalization and development, the rural development of Meijiang District is facing new development opportunities and challenges. Exploiting rural resources and scientifically constructing a rural development potential evaluation system are of great significance to promote rural revitalization strategies by classification. This article takes the individual of the Meijiang District village as the research object, and through the field survey of the village area, scientifically builds the evaluation system of the development potential of the village area of Meijiang District from the six levels of population economy, industry, culture, ecology, education and location linkage. Under the "One Village One Planning" idea, the village types of Meijiang District are divided into three types: urban inclusive driving type, leisure tourism development type and characteristic agricultural development type, and put forward scientific development strategies for the three types of villages.
Key Words: Rural revitalization; Rural resources; Rural development potential; Evaluation; Meijiang district
習(xí)近平同志在黨的十九大報(bào)告中,首次提出鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略。這一戰(zhàn)略的提出,既是對(duì)以往鄉(xiāng)村政策高屋建瓴的總結(jié),也為未來的鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展制定了戰(zhàn)略綱領(lǐng)。自鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略全面實(shí)施以來,鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境整治,鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明建設(shè)和鄉(xiāng)村特色產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展等工作陸續(xù)開展并取得初步成效。鄉(xiāng)村振興領(lǐng)域逐漸吸引人才回鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)和外界資金投資,鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃成為鄉(xiāng)村振興發(fā)展面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)和亟待解決的重要問題。
目前鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展的評(píng)估研究主要從城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系融合[1]、鄉(xiāng)村振興內(nèi)涵目標(biāo)[2]、鄉(xiāng)村旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展[3]、村域類型劃分[4]、鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展?jié)摿υu(píng)估[5]等方面深入研究。該文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合了梅州市梅江區(qū)各村資源的調(diào)查實(shí)踐,分析梅江區(qū)村域發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和問題,并嘗試構(gòu)建村域發(fā)展?jié)摿υu(píng)估指標(biāo),探索梅江區(qū)村域發(fā)展類型和發(fā)展策略,為指導(dǎo)各村走特色發(fā)展道路提供決策依據(jù)。
1? 研究區(qū)域概況及數(shù)據(jù)源
1.1 研究區(qū)概況
梅江區(qū)屬梅州市轄區(qū),位于梅州市的中部。梅江區(qū)東邊、西邊和北邊與梅州市梅縣區(qū)環(huán)接,南邊與梅州市豐順縣相鄰,地形以低山、丘陵為主。梅江區(qū)轄3個(gè)街道、4個(gè)鎮(zhèn),現(xiàn)有行政村共計(jì)83個(gè),鄉(xiāng)村平均人口密度為922.4人/km2。根據(jù)實(shí)地調(diào)研可知,梅江區(qū)近幾年來的發(fā)展難題表現(xiàn):一是全區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩,地區(qū)缺乏外資吸引力,2018年全區(qū)GDP值83.75億元,全區(qū)除了城市中心和廣東梅州經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)、廣州增城(梅江)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移工業(yè)園、梅州東升工業(yè)園經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)外,鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較為滯后,鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展過程中吸引力不足;二是人口集中在城市或城鎮(zhèn),部分鄉(xiāng)村空心化問題嚴(yán)重;三是鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃部分村域存在重建設(shè),輕保護(hù)現(xiàn)象,缺乏全域統(tǒng)籌和持續(xù)的規(guī)劃引領(lǐng);四是交通網(wǎng)村域分布不均,各村交通密度不均,離發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)交通路途較遠(yuǎn),高等級(jí)交通路網(wǎng)密度較低。