李建高
同學(xué)們已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)了,現(xiàn)在老師給大家介紹進(jìn)行時(shí)“家庭”的另一位成員——過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。接下來(lái)就請(qǐng)同學(xué)們隨老師一起了解過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)吧。
一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或過(guò)去某一階段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它是由“was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)”構(gòu)成。如:
(2019·江蘇·蘇州) Amon his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea.
A. will sail B. is sailing
C. was sailing D. has sailed
【答案與解析】 C. 句意為“Amon在狂風(fēng)暴雨中駕駛著他的船,這時(shí)一條大魚(yú)跳出了海面”。be doing sth. when...表示“正在做某事時(shí),突然……”,由此可判斷答案選C。
二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1. 通常when引導(dǎo)的從句有暫時(shí)性,用過(guò)去時(shí),而主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);while引導(dǎo)的從句有延續(xù)性,用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),主句用過(guò)去時(shí)。當(dāng)兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí),二者都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),此時(shí)while比when更常用。如:
(2019·天津) While the lights to red, a car suddenly appeared around the corner.
A. change B. have changed
C. were changing D. will change
【答案與解析】 C. 句意為“紅燈正亮著時(shí),一輛汽車突然出現(xiàn)在拐彎處”。while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句中應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。本題主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),因此從句中用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),故選C。
2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有at that time, at this time yesterday, at 6 o’clock yesterday, from 8 to 11 this morning等。如:
(2019·四川·內(nèi)江) Tom said he basketball with his classmates from 4:00 to 6:00 yesterday afternoon.
A. is played B. was playing
C. plays D. had played
【答案與解析】 B. 依據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)from 4:00 to 6:00 yesterday afternoon可判斷,句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),故選B。
3. 在某些情況下,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可通過(guò)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。如:
(2019·河北) Sorry, I didn’t see you, because I a picture.
A. draw B. drew
C. was drawing D. have drawn
【答案與解析】 C. 依據(jù)“對(duì)不起,我沒(méi)看見(jiàn)你”可判斷,后面原因狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),故選C。
三、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式變化
1. 陳述句若變?yōu)榉穸ň?,在助?dòng)詞was或were的后面直接加上not即可。如:
(2019·河南) —Jim, could you please answer the question?
—Sorry, I . Could you say it again?
A. wasn’t listening B. don’t listen
C. am not listening D. won’t listen
【答案與解析】 A. 根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的“吉姆,請(qǐng)你回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題好嗎?”和答語(yǔ)中的“你能再說(shuō)一遍嗎?”可知,空白處句意為“抱歉,我沒(méi)在聽(tīng)”,所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定形式,故選A。
2. 陳述句若變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句,只需把助動(dòng)詞was或were提到句子前面,其肯定回答為“Yes, 主語(yǔ)+was/were”;否定回答為“No, 主語(yǔ)+wasn’t/weren’t”。如:
—Were your parents watching TV at this time yesterday?
昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你的父母正在看電視嗎?
—Yes, they were. /No, they weren’t.
是的,他們?cè)诳础?不,他們沒(méi)在看。
3. 陳述句若變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句,只需將was/were放在疑問(wèn)詞的后面,即“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”形式。如:
What were you doing when I called you up?
我給你打電話時(shí),你在干什么?
初中生學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)·提升版2020年4期