王峰

一、觀察法

這里的觀察具體包括：觀察先行詞，觀察引導(dǎo)詞的位置，觀察定語(yǔ)從句所缺的句子成分。請(qǐng)看下列試題：

1. I hate people don’t help others when they are in trouble（2019·安徽·合肥）

A. who? ? ? B. which? ? ? C. whose? ? ? D. where

解析：正確答案為A?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。通過(guò)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，先行詞為people，引導(dǎo)詞處于主語(yǔ)的位置，定語(yǔ)從句所缺句子成分為主語(yǔ)。先行詞為those， they，all， persons，people ，he，anyone，one時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用關(guān)系代詞who來(lái)引導(dǎo)，不用that，故選A。

2. Being blind is something most people can’ t imagine（2019·浙江·杭州）

A. who? ? ? B. what? ? ? C. that? ? ? D. whom

解析：正確答案為C。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句只用關(guān)系代詞that不用which的情況。通過(guò)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，先行詞為something，引導(dǎo)詞處于賓語(yǔ)的位置，定語(yǔ)從句所缺句子成分為賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)先行詞為something，anything等不定代詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只用關(guān)系代詞that不用which，故選C。

二、代入法

定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分。同時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞代指其前面的先行詞。比如，Tom was the last student who I met in the park. 引導(dǎo)詞who代指的就是其前面的先行詞 the last student 。由此，我們可以采取將先行詞代入到從句中的方法來(lái)判定定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

1. — What kind of music do you like？

— I like music I can dance to.（2019·四川·宜賓）

A. because? ? ? B. when? ? ? C. who? ? ? D. that

解析：正確答案是D。將先行詞music代入到定語(yǔ)從句 I can dance to中，從句變?yōu)?I can dance to music. 該句子成分完整，符合邏輯，意義通達(dá)。顯然，先行詞music在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，排除because與when，又因music為物，排除who，故選D。

2. Teenagers like reading the books are written by Guo Jingjing （2019·天津）

A. who? ? ? B what? ? ? C. whose? ? D. that

解析：正確答案是D。將先行詞the books代入到定語(yǔ)從句“______ are written by Guo Jingjing”中，從句變?yōu)門(mén)he books are written by Guo Jingjing.該句子成分完整，符合邏輯，意義通達(dá)。顯然，先行詞the books 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，同時(shí) the books 為物，故選D。

三、對(duì)比法

1. — Linda ， can you tell me something about Mo Yan？

— Sure. He is the writer won the Nobel（諾貝爾）Literature Prize . （2019·廣西·南寧）

A. which? ? ? B. whose? ? C. who? ? D. whom

解析：正確答案是C。考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。因?yàn)閣hich先行詞為物;whose 先行詞為人或物，作定語(yǔ)，后必須接名詞;who先行詞是人，作主、賓、表語(yǔ);whom先行詞為人，只作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)先行詞the writer是人，作主語(yǔ)，故選C。

2. A We Chat（微信）is an invention can help people talk to friends， share photos， ideas and feeling freely（2019·甘肅·蘭州）

A. which? ? ? B. who? ? ? C. whose? ? D. /

解析：正確答案是A?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。因?yàn)閣hich先行詞為物，作主、賓語(yǔ);who先行詞為人，作主、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);whose先行詞為人或物，作定語(yǔ)，后必須接名詞。根據(jù)先行詞an invention是物，作主語(yǔ)，故選A。

四、分析法

1. This is the primary school I studied three years ago（2019·福建·福州）

A. where? ? ? B. when? ? ? C. that? ? ? D. which

解析：正確答案是A?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是the primary school，分析定語(yǔ)從句“I studied three years ago ”，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該句屬于典型的主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)（studied為不及物動(dòng)詞，后不接賓語(yǔ)），three years ago為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?？膳袛嘞刃性~the primary school在該定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞where通常在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故選A。

2. I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together（2019·山西·太原）

A. when;which? B .which ;when? C. what;that? D. on which ;when

解析：正確答案是A。兩個(gè)先行詞the day 都是表示時(shí)間的名詞。第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句we worked together 中缺少狀語(yǔ)，所以，第一個(gè)空要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，要用關(guān)系副詞when/on which ;在第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句we spent together中，缺少賓語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)空要填的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)，因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that。綜合分析，答案選A。

☆【真題演練】（2019年各地中考題）

1. Mary Smith says she likes to have friends are different from her.

（貴州·貴陽(yáng)）

A. whose? ? ? B .which? ? ? C. who

2. I hate those don’ t help others when they are in trouble. （廣東·廣州）

A. who? ? B. which? ? ? C .what? ? ? D. where

3. The girl catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married.

（四川·成都）

A. whom? ? B. which? ? ? C. who? ? ? D. whose

4. I can’t forget the time the earthquake happened in Yushu.

（黑龍江·哈爾濱）

A. when? ? B. which? ? ? C. where

5. Steve Jobs is one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era（時(shí)代）. （江蘇·南京）

A. who? ? B. whom? ? ? C. which? ? ? D. /

6. — Now many people smoke and get ill.（廣西·玉林）

— So we should do something can help stop smoking.

A. what? ? B. who? ? ? C. /? ? ? D. that

7. I still remember the time we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.

（湖北·黃石）

A. when? ? B. what? ? ? C. who D. which

8. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our School last week.

（湖南·長(zhǎng)沙）

A. which? ? B. who? ? ? C. whom? ? D. what

9. Mr. Smith is smoking is looking for she lost yesterday.

（湖北·武漢）

A. whom; which? ? ? ? B. who; what C. that; who? ? ? ? ? D. which; where

10. It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house has New furniture in it.（上海）

A. who? ? ? B. where? ? C. that

11. I’ll never forget the day the great scientist came to our school and gave

us a speech.（陜西·西安）

A. that? ? ? ? B. which? ? ? ? C. when? ? ? ? D. where

12. It’s interesting that there are many people speak French in Canada.

（四川·成都）

A. which? ? ? ? ? B. where? ? ? ? C. who