李杰 戴慶 亞力·亞森
[摘要] 目的 探索囊性包蟲病所致過敏性休克過程中特異性變應原與T細胞激活的關系,為臨床治療提供新思路。 方法 采集2015年1月~2017年12月在新疆醫(yī)科大學第一附屬醫(yī)院行囊性包蟲病內(nèi)囊摘除術30例患者(研究組)血清,其中術中發(fā)生過敏性休克患者作為過敏性休克組(10例),未發(fā)生過敏性休克患者作為無過敏性休克組(20例);另選同期健康體檢者血樣作為對照組(30名)。分析各組人群血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)E與IgG1水平,檢測各組人群血清中白細胞介素(IL)-10、IL-4、IL-2與γ干擾素(IFN-γ)表達量,并進行相關性分析。結(jié)果 過敏性休克組術中IgE和IgG1表達量高于無過敏性休克組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。術后1周各組人群血清中IgE和IgG1表達量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。術前研究組血清IL-4與IL-10表達量高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。過敏性休克組術中血清IL-4、IL-10低于無過敏性休克組,IFN-γ、IL-2高于無過敏性休克組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。術后1周過敏性休克組血清IL-4、IL-10表達量高于無過敏性休克組和對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。IgE與IL-2、IFN-γ呈正相關(r = 0.96、0.68,P < 0.05),IgG1與IL-2、IFN-γ呈正相關(r = 0.60、0.79,P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 過敏性休克發(fā)生主要是Th、Th2型細胞失衡,其中Th1型在過敏性休克中占主導作用,其激活與IgE和IgG1相關。
[關鍵詞] 囊性包蟲病;過敏性休克;Th1;Th2
[中圖分類號] R532.32 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻標識碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)07(a)-0093-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the relationship between specific allergens and T cell activation during anaphylactic shock caused by cystic echinococcosis, and to provide new ideas for clinical treatment. Methods Serum was collected from 30 patients (research group) who were underwent cystic hydatid cystectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017. The patients with anaphylactic shock during the operation were taken as the anaphylactic shock group (10 cases), while patients without anaphylactic shock were taken as the non-anaphylactic shock group (20 cases), and the blood samples of healthy examinees from the same period were selected as the control group (30 people). The levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 in each group were analyzed, while the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, IL-2 and γ interferon (IFN-γ) in the serum of each group were detected, and correlation analysis was performed. Results The expression levels of IgE and IgG1 during the operation in the anaphylactic shock group were higher than those in the non-anaphylactic shock group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in serum IgE and IgG1 expression levels among the groups after 1 week of operation (P > 0.05). The expression levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 before the operation in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The serum IL-4 and IL-10 during the operation in the anaphylactic shock group were lower than those in the non-anaphylactic shock group, while the IFN-γ and IL-2 were higher than those in the non-anaphylactic shock group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The serum IL-4 and IL-10 expression levels of the anaphylactic shock group were higher than those of the non-anaphylactic shock group and the control group after 1 week of operation, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). IgE was positively correlated with IL-2 and IFN-γ (r = 0.96, 0.68, P < 0.05), while IgG1 was positively correlated with IL-2 and IFN-γ (r = 0.60, 0.79, P < 0.05). Conclusion As long as anaphylactic shock occurs, Th1 and Th2 type cells are imbalanced. Th1 type plays a leading role in anaphylactic shock, and its activation is related to IgE and IgG1.
[Key words] Cystic echinococcosis; Anaphylactic shock; Th1; Th2
包蟲?。╡chinococcosis)是棘球絳蟲寄生于宿主體內(nèi)所導致的一種嚴重人畜共患病,疾病呈世界性分布[1-3]。人體感染包蟲后,幼蟲在人體內(nèi)形成囊性包蟲,導致囊性包蟲病。目前,全世界約有3百萬囊型包蟲?。‥g)或泡型包蟲?。‥m)患者[4-5],囊性包蟲病所致過敏性休克(anaphylactic shock,AS)是患者死亡的重要并發(fā)癥。前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[6-8],無論術前術后,AS患者免疫球蛋白(Ig)E,IgG和IgG1均顯著升高,且術前IgG和IgG1水平升高是AS重要的風險因子。同時,Th1、Th2型細胞在過敏性休克中具有相反效應,這兩種細胞失衡在疾病發(fā)生過程中具有重要意義[9-10]。Th1、Th2型細胞在疾病的不同時期出現(xiàn),AS發(fā)生時Th1型較Th2型發(fā)揮的作用更為明顯[10-11],但具體機制尚不明確。本研究通過不同抗體與細胞類型的關系,分析疾病發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中特異性抗體與細胞類型的關系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年1月~2017年12月在新疆醫(yī)科大學第一附屬醫(yī)院明確診斷為Eg需手術治療的患者30例作為研究組,圍術期發(fā)生過敏性休克患者作為過敏性休克組(10例),其中男6例,女4例;年齡35~62歲,平均(44.23±2.54)歲;將未發(fā)生過敏性休克患者作為無過敏性休克組(20例),其中男11例,女9例;年齡33~66歲,平均(45.19±2.68)歲。另選取同期的健康體檢人群作為對照組(30名),其中男18名,女12名;年齡32~60歲,平均(44.78±3.98)歲。三組人群一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
過敏性休克診斷標準:采用基于Sampson等[12]略作修改的過敏性休克診斷標準[13]:①暴露于已知過敏原后(幾分鐘到數(shù)小時),皮膚點刺測試呈陰性(即皮膚劃痕癥陰性)Eg患者;②囊液外溢導致血壓急劇下降至<80/50 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)(收縮壓較基礎血壓下降>30%即認為發(fā)生休克);③在血壓下降前或同時,常有一些與過敏相關的癥狀發(fā)生,如皮膚潮紅、瘙癢,繼以廣泛的蕁麻疹和/或血管神經(jīng)性水腫。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 標本采集 ?健康體檢者于體檢時及1周后各留取1次晨起空腹血樣?;颊哂谌朐汉蟠稳赵缟峡崭共裳^敏性休克組分別于發(fā)生過敏時、術后1周進行采血;無過敏性休克組于手術摘除包蟲時、術后1周進行采血。每次采血量均為5 mL,收集血樣靜置0.5 h,3000 r/min離心10 min,離心半徑1.5 cm。收集血清,置于-80℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.2.2 IgE和IgG1檢測 ?按照IgE(北京潤澤康生物科技有限公司,SXRIGE)和IgG1(北京中冉旭升科技發(fā)展有限公司,D710352-0096)試劑盒操作指南進行檢測,主要包括:①加載試劑;②定標,標本檢測;③記錄數(shù)據(jù)。
1.2.3 白細胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-10以及γ干擾素(IFN-γ)檢測 ?按照IL-2(上海萊茲生物科技有限公司,5020000501)、IL-4(上海萊茲生物科技有限公司,5020000801)、IL-10(廣州旋風生物科技有限公司,2275-IL-095)及IFN-γ(上海萊茲生物科技有限公司,5020003701)試劑盒操作。主要包括:①標準曲線的建立;②加樣;③每孔加入一抗常溫放置45 min;④洗板5次,拍干;⑤加顯色液放置20 min;⑥加終止液,450 nm處讀取吸光度值。在標準曲線上查出樣品吸光度值所對應的樣品濃度。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 22.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析。計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,多樣本均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析,兩兩間均數(shù)的多重比較采用Scheffe檢驗,方差不齊時采用Dunnett-T或Dunnett-C檢驗。通過線性回歸方法進行相關性分析。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 各組人群血清IgE和IgG1水平比較
術前,研究組和對照組血清IgE和IgG1比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。見表1。過敏性休克組術中IgE和IgG1表達量高于無過敏性休克組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。術后1周各組人群血清中IgE和IgG1表達量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。見表3。
2.2 各組人群血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-10及IFN-γ表達量比較
術前,研究組血清IL-4與IL-10表達量高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表4。過敏性休克組術中血清IL-4、IL-10低于無過敏性休克組,IFN-γ、IL-2高于無過敏性休克組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表5。術后1周過敏性休克組血清IL-4、IL-10表達量高于無過敏性休克組和對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表6。
2.3 相關性分析
IgE與IL-2、IFN-γ呈正相關(r = 0.96、0.68,P < 0.05),IgG1與IL-2、IFN-γ呈正相關(r = 0.60、0.79,P < 0.05),IgE、IgG1與IL-4、IL-10無相關性(P > 0.05)。
3 討論
Eg導致的過敏性休克是包蟲病的嚴重并發(fā)癥[14-16],具體機制不明確。前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),囊液含有導致過敏性休克發(fā)生的特異性抗原,能與IgE特異性結(jié)合,提示IgE在過敏性休克發(fā)生過程中具有重要作用[14,17]。術前IgG和IgG1水平升高是過敏性休克的重要風險因子[18],主要是由于囊破裂會募集IgG2和IgG3同型抗體到囊包[19]。在過敏性休克發(fā)生時Th1型細胞占據(jù)主導作用,而在后期則是Th2型細胞發(fā)揮作用[20]。本研究通過對納入人群血清IgE、IgG1含量及Th1、Th2型細胞相關因子進行比較分析發(fā)現(xiàn),術中過敏性休克組血清IgE、IgG1表達量高于無過敏性休克組,提示在過敏性休克發(fā)生過程中IgE和IgG1是疾病發(fā)生的危險因素。術中過敏性休克組IL-4、IL-10低于無過敏性休克組,且IFN-γ與IL-2高于無過敏性休克組;研究組IL-2、IL-4、IL-10與IFN-γ表達量均高于對照組。提示,在過敏性休克發(fā)生過程中主要是通過Th1型細胞分泌炎性因子發(fā)揮作用,Th2型細胞在疾病發(fā)生過程中一直有參與,但在過敏性休克發(fā)生過程中不占主導作用。相關性分析顯示,IgE、IgG1與IL-2、IFN-γ呈正相關,與IL-4、IL-10無相關性,進一步證實在炎癥發(fā)生過程中主要是Th1型發(fā)揮作用。提示,Eg患者由于蟲體在體內(nèi)形成包囊,激活自身免疫系統(tǒng),主要是激活Th2型細胞。Th2型細胞產(chǎn)生IL-4、IL-10等細胞因子的表達升高,升高的IL-4可對Th2型細胞具有穩(wěn)定作用,使機體在沒有特異性過敏原刺激下維持在平衡狀態(tài),機體中IgE、IgG1表達量處于生理平衡狀態(tài)。而在手術過程中由于囊液溢出,其中的特異型抗原激活Th1型細胞,產(chǎn)生的IFN-γ激活Th1型細胞的生成,并且IFN-γ可消除IL-4對Th2型細胞的穩(wěn)定作用,使Th2型細胞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)門h1型細胞。Th1型細胞激活使細胞分泌IgE、IgG1,在生理情況下IgE和IgG1處于平衡狀態(tài),但在術中隨著Th1、Th2型細胞失衡,導致IgE、IgG1在體內(nèi)表達失衡,引起過敏性休克的發(fā)生。
綜上,在Eg過敏性休克發(fā)生過程中主要是包囊的破裂,囊液中的特異性變應原引起體內(nèi)IgE、IgG1表達增加,促進Th1型細胞增加,Th2型細胞受到抑制,引起過敏反應。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-29)