楊舟

What is a pub？

The word pub is short for public house. There are over 60，000 pubs in the UK （about 53，000 in England and Wales， 5，200 in Scotland and 1，600 in Northern Ireland）. One of the oldest pubs， Fighting Cocks in St. Albans， Herts， is located in a building that dates back to the eleventh century.

什么是酒吧？

“pub”這個(gè)詞是“public house”的縮寫(xiě)。在英國(guó)有6萬(wàn)多家酒吧（英格蘭和威爾士有約53000家，蘇格蘭有約5200家，北愛(ài)爾蘭有約1600家）。赫特福德郡圣奧爾本斯的“斗雞酒吧”是（英國(guó)）最古老的酒吧之一，它位于一座歷史可以追溯到11世紀(jì)的建筑中。

Pubs are popular social meeting places.

Pubs are an important part of British life. People talk， eat， drink， meet their friends and relax there.

Pubs often have two bars， and one usually quieter than the other. Many pubs have a garden where people can sit in the summer. Children can go in pub gardens with their parents.

Groups of friends normally buy “rounds” of drinks. The person whose turn it is will buy drinks for all the members of the group. It is sometimes difficult to get served when pubs are busy. People do not queue， but the bar staff will usually try and serve those who have been waiting the longest at the bar first. If you spill1 a strangers drink by accident， it is good manners to offer to buy another drink.

酒吧是很受歡迎的社交場(chǎng)所。

酒吧是英國(guó)人生活的重要組成部分。人們?cè)谀抢锪奶臁⒊燥?、喝酒、結(jié)識(shí)朋友、放松身心。

酒吧通常有兩個(gè)吧臺(tái)，一個(gè)通常比另一個(gè)安靜。很多酒吧都有花園，在夏天人們可以坐在那里。孩子們可以和父母一起去酒吧里的花園。

一群朋友通常會(huì)“輪流”買(mǎi)酒，輪到誰(shuí)誰(shuí)就會(huì)為所有的人買(mǎi)酒。在酒吧很繁忙的時(shí)候，有時(shí)很難有人招待。人們不排隊(duì)，但酒吧的員工通常會(huì)盡量先為那些在酒吧等候的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的人服務(wù)。如果你不小心把陌生人的飲料灑了，禮貌的做法是主動(dòng)提出為對(duì)方再買(mǎi)一杯。

British Beer

Most pubs belong to a brewery （a company which makes beer） but sell many different kinds of beer， some on tap （from a big container under the bar） and some in bottles. The most popular kind of British beer is Bitter， which is dark and served at room temperature （not hot， not cold）. British beer is brewed2 from malt3 and hops4.

More popular today though is Lager， which is lighter in colour and served cold. Guinness， a very dark， creamy kind of beer called a stout5， is made in Ireland and is popular all over Britain.

In the West of England， cider6 made from apples， is very popular. Like wine， it is described as sweet or dry， but is drunk in beer glasses and can be stronger than beer.

Beers are served in “pints7” for a large glass and “halves” for a smaller one.

英國(guó)啤酒

大多數(shù)酒吧屬于某家釀酒廠（生產(chǎn)啤酒的公司），但出售許多不同種類(lèi)的啤酒，一些是通過(guò)（連著吧臺(tái)下面大容器的）水龍頭供應(yīng)的，一些是瓶裝的。最受歡迎的英國(guó)啤酒是苦啤酒，它顏色偏暗，供應(yīng)的是常溫的（既不熱，也不冷）。英國(guó)啤酒是用麥芽和啤酒花釀造的。

不過(guò)，如今更受歡迎的是淡啤酒，它顏色較淺，供應(yīng)的是冰的。而吉尼斯黑啤酒，是一種顏色很深，如奶油般柔和醇美的烈性啤酒，產(chǎn)于愛(ài)爾蘭，在英國(guó)很受歡迎。

在英格蘭西部，用蘋(píng)果制作的蘋(píng)果酒很受歡迎。它和葡萄酒一樣，用甜（含糖量大）或干（含糖量?。﹣?lái)區(qū)分，是用啤酒杯盛來(lái)喝的，但可能比啤酒更烈。

大杯啤酒按品脫（約0.6升）銷(xiāo)售，小杯的則按半品脫（0.3升）銷(xiāo)售。

Other Beers served

Most pubs offer a complete range of beers， local and imported8， with German， Belgian and French beers being in demand.

British people drink an average of 99.4 litres of beer every year. More than 80% of this beer is drunk in pubs and clubs.

Pubs sell soft drinks as well as alcohol9. Although most people think pubs are places where people drink alcohol， pubs in fact sell soft drinks （non-alcoholic10 drinks） too.

供應(yīng)的其他啤酒

大多數(shù)酒吧提供種類(lèi)齊全的啤酒，包括本地的和進(jìn)口的，對(duì)德國(guó)、比利時(shí)和法國(guó)的啤酒都有需求。

英國(guó)人平均每年喝掉99.4升啤酒。超過(guò)80%的啤酒是在酒吧和俱樂(lè)部里喝掉的。

酒吧除了賣(mài)酒外還賣(mài)軟飲料。雖然大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為酒吧是人們喝酒的地方，但實(shí)際上酒吧也出售軟飲料（非酒精飲料）。

Opening Hours

British pubs are required to have a license， which is difficult to obtain， and allows the pub to operate for up to 24 hours.

營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間

英國(guó)的酒吧必須有執(zhí)照，執(zhí)照是很難獲得的。有執(zhí)照的酒吧營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)24小時(shí)。

Pub Food and Games

Nearly all pubs sell pub lunches. One of these is the Ploughmans Lunch which is a great piece of Cheddar cheese， some bread， some pickle11， and an onion. Other typical pub foods are scampi12 （kind of shellfish） and chips （fried potatoes）， pie and chips， and chicken and chips.

Various games， especially darts13， are common features of pubs. Many of the old country pubs continue to promote traditional games， such as “Bat and Trap” （a bat-and-ball game mostly played in Kent） which have been played for hundreds of years.

酒吧的食物和游戲

幾乎所有的酒吧都賣(mài)酒吧午餐。其中一種是農(nóng)夫午餐，里面有一大塊切達(dá)干酪、一些面包、一些腌菜和一個(gè)洋蔥。其他典型的酒吧食物有挪威海螯蝦（一種甲殼類(lèi)動(dòng)物）和薯?xiàng)l（炸土豆）、派和薯?xiàng)l、雞肉和薯?xiàng)l。

酒吧里有各種各樣的游戲，特別是飛鏢，這是酒吧的共同特點(diǎn)。許多古老的鄉(xiāng)村酒吧繼續(xù)推廣傳統(tǒng)游戲，比如“蝙蝠和陷阱”游戲（在肯特郡流行的一種擊球游戲），已經(jīng)有幾百年歷史了。

Pub Names

Pubs have traditional names which date back over 600 years.

Some typical names are The White Swan， The Crown， The Kings Arms， The Red Lion and The White Horse. People often refer to the pub by its name when giving directions， for example， “Turn left at the Rose and Crown.” There is usually a sign outside the pub showing the pubs name.

酒吧的名字

酒吧的傳統(tǒng)名稱(chēng)可以追溯到600多年前。

一些典型的名字有：白天鵝、王冠、國(guó)王的臂膀、紅獅和白馬。人們?cè)谥嘎窌r(shí)經(jīng)常提到酒吧的名字，例如：“在玫瑰和皇冠酒吧處左轉(zhuǎn)?！本瓢赏饷嫱ǔＳ幸粋€(gè)招牌，上面寫(xiě)著酒吧的名字。

Licensing Laws

The legal age to purchase alcohol is 18. People aged 16 and 17， may have only 1 glass of wine， beer or cider with a table meal in specific areas of the premises14， providing theyre with an adult and the adult orders it （England and Wales only， Scotland no adult required to be present）.

It is illegal15 to sell alcohol to someone who already appears drunk.

Fourteen-year-olds may enter a pub unaccompanied by an adult if they order a meal. Children may enter a pub with their parents until 9 p.m.， which lets families enjoy reasonably priced pub meals together， and allows pubs to continue in their traditional roles as community centers.

酒類(lèi)專(zhuān)賣(mài)法

買(mǎi)酒的法定年齡是18歲。16歲和17歲的人只能在經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)所的特定區(qū)域內(nèi)在桌上用餐時(shí)飲用一杯葡萄酒、啤酒或蘋(píng)果酒，但前提是他們有成年人陪伴，且由成年人點(diǎn)餐（僅限于英格蘭和威爾士，而在蘇格蘭則無(wú)需成年人在場(chǎng)）。

把酒賣(mài)給已經(jīng)喝醉的人是違法的。

14歲的孩子如果只是點(diǎn)餐，可以在沒(méi)有成年人陪同的情況下進(jìn)入酒吧。孩子們可以和父母一起進(jìn)入酒吧，直到晚上9點(diǎn)，這樣可以讓家人一起享受價(jià)格合理的酒吧餐，還可以讓酒吧繼續(xù)擔(dān)任社區(qū)中心的傳統(tǒng)角色。

Customs

Customs in British pubs differ from those in American bars. In most pubs in Britain， you must go to the bar to order drinks and food and pay for them immediately. There is no table service.

In some pubs， orders can be taken by waiters at the tables and not be paid for immediately. There is usually a sign in the pub which tells you that diners will be served at the table. It is customary16 to tip your waiter/waitress at the end of the meal （about 10%）. Sometimes this is included in the bill.

習(xí)俗

英國(guó)的酒吧和美國(guó)的酒吧的習(xí)俗不同。在英國(guó)的大多數(shù)酒吧里，你必須去吧臺(tái)點(diǎn)飲料和食物，并馬上付錢(qián)。英國(guó)的酒吧沒(méi)有餐桌服務(wù)。

在有些酒吧里，可以在桌邊叫服務(wù)員來(lái)點(diǎn)餐，不用立即付款。這種酒吧里通常有一塊牌子，上面會(huì)告訴你用餐者有餐桌服務(wù)。通常在用餐結(jié)束時(shí)應(yīng)付給服務(wù)員小費(fèi)（大約10%）。有時(shí)這包含在賬單里。

（英語(yǔ)原文選自：projectbritain.com）

【Notes】

1. spill [? ? ? ] v. （使）溢出，流出;倒出，灑落

2. brew [? ? ? ] v. 釀造

3. malt [? ? ?] n. 麥芽

4. hop [? ? ?] n. 啤酒花

5. stout [? ?] n. 烈性黑啤酒

6. cider [? ? ] n. 蘋(píng)果酒;蘋(píng)果汁

7. pint [? ? ?] n. 品脫;一品脫的量（1英制品脫=568.26125毫升）

8. import [? ? ?] vt. 輸入，進(jìn)口

9. alcohol [? ? ] n. 酒精，乙醇

10. non-alcoholic [? ? ] adj. 不含酒精的

11. pickle [? ? ?] n. 泡菜;鹽鹵;腌制食品

12. scampi [? ? ] n. 蝦;挪威海螯蝦

13. dart [? ?] n. 飛鏢

14. premise [? ? ] n. 辦公場(chǎng)所;經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)所

15. illegal [? ? ] adj. 非法的;違法的

16. customary [? ? ] adj. 習(xí)慣的;通常的