韓子滿(mǎn)

passage 1

[1] In todays interconnected world， cultures power to transform societies is clear. Its diverse manifestations—from our cherished historic monuments and museums to traditional practices and contemporary art forms1—enrich our everyday lives in countless ways. Heritage constitutes a source of identity and cohesion for communities disrupted by bewildering change and economic instability. Creativity contributes to building open， inclusive and pluralistic societies. Both heritage and creativity lay the foundations for vibrant， innovative and prosperous knowledge societies.

[2] Culture is who we are and what shapes our identity. In September 2015 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the sustainable goals. UNESCO ensures that the role of culture is recognized through2 a majority of the Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs）， including those focusing on quality education， sustainable cities， the environment， economic growth， sustainable consumption and production patterns， peaceful and inclusive societies， gender equality and food security.

[3] No development can be sustainable without a strong culture component3. Indeed only a human-centered approach to development based on mutual respect and open dialogue among cultures can lead to lasting， inclusive and equitable results. Yet until recently， culture has been missing from the development strategy.

[4] To ensure that culture takes its rightful place in development strategies and processes， UNESCO has adopted an approach： it spearheads worldwide advocacy for culture and development， while engaging with the international community to set clear policies and legal frameworks and working on the ground to support governments and local stakeholders to safeguard heritage， strengthen creative industries and encourage cultural pluralism.

[5] Today， creativity is emerging as one of the most promising ways for changing how we see cities. Whether by revitalizing the local economy， rethinking transport or housing policies， reclaiming urban spaces， or opening up new horizons for young people， creativity is one of the driving forces behind urban policies and initiatives. Cities worldwide are focusing their attention on the cultural and creative industries as an inspiration4 for their future. This vision is promoted by elected representatives and city policy-makers， who see it as a strategic lever for innovation when it comes to tackling contemporary urban issues， whether on an economic， social or environmental front. More importantly， however， it is a vision shared by professionals and citizens， who are taking action in their own neighborhoods and communities to build more sustainable and more human cities.

[6] This vision of creative urban governance is the driving force behind the UNESCO Creative Cities Programme and Network. Since its creation in 2004， the Network has established itself as a strategic platform for promoting and sharing this new approach to sustainable cities. Through its standard-setting and operational actions， UNESCO has paved the way for5 demonstrating the essential role of creativity in urban sustainability， assisting national and local authorities and advocating this vision at an international level.

[7] Culture and creativity play a key role in sustainable urban development. They contribute to diversifying the economy and generating jobs but they also enhance the quality of life of citizens by participating to6 a citys social structure and cultural diversity.

【參考譯文】

[1] 當(dāng)今世界互聯(lián)互通，文化改造社會(huì)的力量顯而易見(jiàn)。文化的表現(xiàn)多種多樣，既可能是我們倍加珍惜的具有歷史意義的紀(jì)念碑和博物館，也可能是傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗及當(dāng)代藝術(shù)形式，都以多種方式豐富了我們的日常生活。對(duì)于因?yàn)榱钊死Щ蟮淖兓徒?jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定而陷入混亂的社群來(lái)說(shuō)，文化遺產(chǎn)是身份和凝聚力的源泉，創(chuàng)意則助力建設(shè)一個(gè)開(kāi)放、包容、多元的社會(huì)。文化遺產(chǎn)和創(chuàng)意都為充滿(mǎn)活力、創(chuàng)新不斷、興旺發(fā)達(dá)的知識(shí)社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

[2] 文化決定了我們的身份，塑造了我們的身份。2015年9月，聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)通過(guò)了可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織確保大多數(shù)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)都完全認(rèn)可文化的作用，這些發(fā)展目標(biāo)聚焦高質(zhì)量教育、可持續(xù)發(fā)展城市、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、可持續(xù)的消費(fèi)及生產(chǎn)模式、和平包容的社會(huì)、性別平等和食品安全問(wèn)題。

[3] 如果不重視文化，任何發(fā)展都不可能持續(xù)。事實(shí)上，發(fā)展只有以人為中心建立在文化間互相尊重和公開(kāi)對(duì)話(huà)基礎(chǔ)之上，才可能帶來(lái)持久、包容且公正的結(jié)果?？墒侵钡阶罱?，文化在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中都一直缺席。

[4] 為了確保文化在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和發(fā)展過(guò)程中都占據(jù)一個(gè)合理的位置，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織采取了這樣的措施：在全世界率先提倡文化與發(fā)展，同時(shí)與國(guó)際社會(huì)密切聯(lián)系以設(shè)立明確的政策與法律框架，實(shí)地工作以支持各國(guó)政府和當(dāng)?shù)乩嫦嚓P(guān)方保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)、強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)并鼓勵(lì)文化多元化。

[5] 今天，創(chuàng)意正成為一種最具潛力的手段，改變我們對(duì)城市的看法。不論是重振當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)、重新審視交通和住房政策、重新利用都市空間，還是為年輕人開(kāi)闊新的視野，創(chuàng)意都是都市政策和都市倡議的推動(dòng)力之一。世界各地的城市都將目光投向文化和創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)，鼓舞他們面向未來(lái)。當(dāng)選代表和城市的決策者們紛紛推動(dòng)這一愿景，將之視為應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)代城市經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)或環(huán)境問(wèn)題的創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略手段。不過(guò)，更加重要的是，這一愿景得到了專(zhuān)業(yè)人士和市民的支持，他們?cè)谧约旱慕謪^(qū)和社群采取行動(dòng)，讓城市更加可持續(xù)、更加人性化。

[6] 正是有了這種創(chuàng)意城市管理的愿景，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織推出了“創(chuàng)意城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃”?！皠?chuàng)意城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)”自2004年推出以來(lái)，已被打造為推動(dòng)并共享這種可持續(xù)城市建設(shè)方法的戰(zhàn)略平臺(tái)。通過(guò)制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實(shí)際行動(dòng)，教科文組織創(chuàng)造了便利條件，以展示創(chuàng)意在城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展中的關(guān)鍵作用，協(xié)助各國(guó)政府及地方當(dāng)局，并在國(guó)際層面上倡導(dǎo)這種愿景。

[7] 文化與創(chuàng)意在可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展中起了關(guān)鍵作用，有助于使經(jīng)濟(jì)多元化、創(chuàng)造工作崗位，而且由于參與城市的社會(huì)組織和文化多元化進(jìn)程，提升了市民的生活質(zhì)量。

【譯評(píng)】

1. 這里的“from A to B”結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)范圍，極言其多，如果按照字面翻譯為“從A到B”，句子結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)比較臃腫，不好組織。通常的譯法是單獨(dú)說(shuō)A和B，然后加上“內(nèi)容豐富”“包羅萬(wàn)象”“多種多樣”等字眼，即譯文中采取列舉加描述的方式把原文范圍的意思表達(dá)出來(lái)。

2. through在這里的意思相當(dāng)于over the entire extent。這些可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)在方方面面都注重文化，譯為“完全”。這個(gè)詞的常見(jiàn)意思是by means of，可譯為“通過(guò)”“憑借”等，如果這么譯的話(huà)，似乎是說(shuō)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織以這些目標(biāo)為手段，來(lái)讓他人承認(rèn)文化的作用，但這些目標(biāo)自身是否重視文化卻不得而知。這與全文的內(nèi)容有些抵觸。

3. component這里就是a constituent part、ingredient，也就是“成分”的意思，strong culture component字面意思是文化是重要成分，占的比重大。但這么譯句子會(huì)比較別扭。

4. inspiration這里就是“鼓舞”“靈感”的意思，這里為了方便組織句子，需要譯為動(dòng)詞。

5.這里pave the way for的賓語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)、太復(fù)雜，如果翻譯為“為……創(chuàng)造條件”或“為……鋪平道路”，句子結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)非常生硬，變通一下，將賓語(yǔ)在句尾羅列出來(lái)，句子就自然了。

6. participate to其實(shí)就是participate in的意思，簡(jiǎn)單翻譯為“參與……組織”及“參與……多元化”不符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，所以在句尾加上“進(jìn)程”一詞。? □