古力帕日·克力木 張蕾
[摘要] 目的 評(píng)價(jià)圍術(shù)期外源性輸血(ABT)對(duì)胃癌手術(shù)患者預(yù)后的影響。 方法 計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Highwire生物醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),收集2000年1月~2019年1月研究圍術(shù)期ABT對(duì)胃癌手術(shù)患者預(yù)后影響的臨床對(duì)照試驗(yàn)。采用Stata 12.0版本軟件進(jìn)行meta分析,系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)圍術(shù)期ABT對(duì)5年生存率、腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率的影響。 結(jié)果 共納入20篇高質(zhì)量相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。與非輸血組比較,ABT組患者5年生存率降低(OR = 0.47,95%CI:0.39~0.56,P = 0.005),腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率(OR = 2.09,95%CI:1.35~3.25,P = 0.000)和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率升高(OR = 2.40,95%CI:1.81~3.19,P = 0.000),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 圍術(shù)期ABT對(duì)胃癌手術(shù)患者預(yù)后產(chǎn)生不良影響。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 外源性輸血;胃癌手術(shù);5年生存率;腫瘤復(fù)發(fā);術(shù)后并發(fā)癥
[中圖分類號(hào)] R735.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)03(a)-0098-05
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate affects about perioperative allogenenic blood transfusion (ABT) on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer surgery. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Highwire biomedical databases were retrieved by computer, and clinical controlled trials from January 2000 to January 2019 to study the effect of perioperative ABT on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer surgery were collected. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata version 12.0 software to systematically evaluate the effects of perioperative ABT on 5-year survival, tumor recurrence, and postoperative complications. Results A total of 20 high-quality related literatures were included. Compared with the non-transfusion group, the 5-year survival rate of patients in the ABT group was reduced (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.39-0.56, P = 0.005), while the tumor recurrence rates (OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.35-3.25, P = 0.000) and the incidence of postoperative complications were increased (OR = 2.40, 95%CI: 1.81-3.19, P = 0.000), and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Perioperative ABT can adversely affect the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer surgery.
[Key words] Allogenenic blood transfusion; Gastrointestinal cancer surgery; Five-year survival rate; Tumor recurrence rate; Postoperative complication rate
胃腸腫瘤是一項(xiàng)重要的世界健康問題,其中胃癌是世界上常見的惡性腫瘤之一[1-2],執(zhí)行腫瘤根治手術(shù)是該疾病患者的首選治療方法[3]。目前,越來越多的證據(jù)顯示,圍術(shù)期進(jìn)行外源性輸血(ABT)對(duì)腫瘤患者預(yù)后產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響[4],但針對(duì)這一問題仍有很大爭(zhēng)議[5-6]。因此,本研究針對(duì)圍術(shù)期ABT對(duì)胃癌手術(shù)患者預(yù)后影響這一問題進(jìn)行了新的系統(tǒng)性回顧和meta分析,更加全面地評(píng)估和更新相關(guān)參考文獻(xiàn),以期為臨床研究提供理論依據(jù)。
1 資料與方法
1.1 資料檢索
查閱2000年1月~2019年1月關(guān)于圍術(shù)期ABT與胃癌手術(shù)患者預(yù)后關(guān)系的文獻(xiàn)。具體檢索方法:計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Highwire生物醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。英文檢索詞包括:Perioperative,Allogenenic Blood Transfusion,Clinical Outcome,Gastric Carcinoma,Gastric Cancer,Stomach Cancer,Carcinoma of Stomach。
1.2 納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
文獻(xiàn)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①研究對(duì)象。評(píng)價(jià)ABT與胃癌手術(shù)患者預(yù)后之間的關(guān)系;②ABT組與非輸血組比較的臨床對(duì)照試驗(yàn);③如果數(shù)據(jù)在同一時(shí)期或同一科研團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了多次報(bào)告與更新,則僅選擇最新一次研究或數(shù)據(jù)樣本最大。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①自體輸血者或未進(jìn)行手術(shù);②提供信息不完整;③質(zhì)量較低。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
主要觀察指標(biāo):5年生存率、腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。針對(duì)各個(gè)研究收集第一作者姓氏、出版年份及國(guó)家等信息。
1.4 質(zhì)量評(píng)估
根據(jù)紐卡斯?fàn)?渥太華量表(NOS)評(píng)估納入研究的質(zhì)量,NOS評(píng)分≥7分研究被定義為高質(zhì)量研究,最高分為9分[7]。本研究?jī)H納入高質(zhì)量研究。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
本研究用Stata 12.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行meta分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用Mantele-Haenszel法合并OR值及95%CI,采用Egger法檢測(cè)發(fā)表偏倚情況。先對(duì)納入研究進(jìn)行臨床異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn),若各研究之間無異質(zhì)性(I2 < 50%,P < 0.05),選擇固定效應(yīng)模型,否則選擇隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。通過敏感性分析,進(jìn)一步探究文章異質(zhì)性。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果
根據(jù)檢索策略進(jìn)行初步檢索,共獲得文獻(xiàn)1050篇。通過篩選,本研究最終納入20篇[8-27]高質(zhì)量相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。檢索流程見圖1。各研究基本特征見表1。
2.2 Meta分析結(jié)果
與非輸血組比較,ABT可顯著降低胃癌手術(shù)患者5年生存率(OR = 0.47,95%CI:0.39~0.56),提高腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率(OR = 2.09,95%CI:1.35~3.25)及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(OR = 2.40,95%CI:1.81~3.19),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。見圖2~4。
2.3 發(fā)表偏倚
以本研究3項(xiàng)觀察指標(biāo)繪制漏斗圖,見圖5。漏斗圖分布趨勢(shì)不明顯,但分布對(duì)稱,提示存在一定程度發(fā)表偏倚。見表2。
2.4 敏感性分析
通過分別剔除每一項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)行敏感性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果與刪除前一致,提示本評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果穩(wěn)定。
3 討論
Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,在接受過根治性手術(shù)的胃癌患者中,圍術(shù)期ABT與預(yù)后不良顯著相關(guān),包括5年生存率降低,腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率升高。但meta分析仍然存在一些局限性。這些試驗(yàn)中未提及麻醉和鎮(zhèn)痛的方法及藥物,可能在某種程度上有所不同。雖然經(jīng)Egger法檢測(cè)各研究的發(fā)表偏倚情況不明顯,但依舊存在一定程度的發(fā)表偏倚情況。因此關(guān)于圍術(shù)期ABT對(duì)胃癌手術(shù)患者預(yù)后影響的研究,還需要更多臨床試驗(yàn)作為依據(jù),綜合分析。
在對(duì)外科患者的第1次前瞻性分析中報(bào)道,對(duì)紅細(xì)胞進(jìn)行更為謹(jǐn)慎地處理、調(diào)整以及嚴(yán)格把控輸血觸發(fā)因素,不會(huì)增加發(fā)病率和死亡率。Dixon等[28]將紅細(xì)胞輸血率命名為腫瘤手術(shù)中被忽視的潛在質(zhì)量參數(shù)。因此,研究ABT對(duì)胃癌手術(shù)患者預(yù)后的影響非常重要。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1]? 劉聲源,黃峰.圍手術(shù)期輸血對(duì)胃癌手術(shù)并發(fā)癥的影響[J].中外醫(yī)學(xué)研究,2018,16(2):22-24.
[2]? Xiao H,Quan H,Pan S,et al. Impact of peri-operative blood transfusion on post-operative infections after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer:a propensity score matching analysis focusing on the timing,amount of transfusion and role of leukocyte depletion [J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol,2018, 144(6):1143-1154.
[3]? 張林.圍術(shù)期輸血對(duì)胃癌根治術(shù)患者預(yù)后及免疫的影響[J].醫(yī)學(xué)信息,2018,31(1):102-103.
[4]? 李利紅,唐詩彬.圍手術(shù)期輸血對(duì)胃癌術(shù)后患者預(yù)后的影響[J].廣東醫(yī)學(xué),2018,39(0Z1):71-73.
[5]? 關(guān)鐵軍,王健楠,趙震,等.圍術(shù)期輸血對(duì)胃癌根治術(shù)患者預(yù)后及免疫系統(tǒng)的影響[J].吉林醫(yī)學(xué),2018,39(9):1619-1620.
[6]? 張冬霞,王健楠,白曉龍,等.圍術(shù)期異體輸血對(duì)胃癌根治術(shù)患者預(yù)后及免疫功能的影響[J].長(zhǎng)春中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2018,34(6):183-184.
[7]? Pang QY,An R,Liu HL. Perioperative transfusion and the prognosis of colorectal cancer surgery:a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. World J Surg Oncol,2019,17(1):7.
[8]? Dhar DK,Kubota H,Tachibana M,et al. A Tailored Perioperative Blood Transfusion Might Avoid Undue Recurrences in Gastric Carcinoma Patients [J]. Dig Dis Sci,2000,45(9):1737-1742.
[9]? Murata N,Idezuki Y,Konishi T,et al. Influence of perioperative blood transfusion on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer receiving anticancer chemotherapy [J]. Gastric Cancer,2000,3(1):24-27.
[10]? Hyung WJ,Noh SH,Shin DW,et al. Adverse effects of perioperative transfusion on patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ gastric cancer [J]. Ann Surg Oncol,2002,9(1):5-12.
[11]? Bortul M,Calligaris L,Roseano M,et al. Blood transfusions and results after curative resection for gastric cancer [J]. Suppl Tumori,2003,2:S27-S30.
[12]? Kim SH,Lee SI,Noh SM. Prognostic significance of preoperative blood transfusion in stomach cancer [J]. J Gastric Cancer,2010,10(4):196-205.
[13]? Pacelli F,Rosa F,Marrelli D,et al. Do Perioperative Blood Transfusions Influence Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients? Analysis of 927 Patients and Interactions with Splenectomy [J]. Ann Surg Oncol,2011,18(6):1615-1623.
[14]? Rausei S,Ruspi L,Galli F,et al. Peri-operative blood transfusion in gastric cancer surgery:prognostic or confounding factor? [J]. Int J Surg,2013,11:S100-S103.
[15]? Zhou HY,Yi W,Wang J,et al. Association of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy [J]. Am J Surg,2014,208(1):80-87.
[16]? Liu X,Ma M,Huang H,et al. Effect of perioperative blood transfusion on prognosis of patients with gastric cancer:a retrospective analysis of a single center database [J]. BMC cancer,2018,18(1):649.
[17]? Squires MH,Kooby DA,Poultsides GA,et al. Effect of perioperative transfusion on recurrence and survival after gastric cancer resection:a 7-institution analysis of 765 patients from the US Gastric Cancer Collaborative [J]. J Am Coll Surg,2015,221(3):767-777.
[18]? Cui J,Deng J,Ding X,et al. Blood transfusion does not affect survival of gastric cancer patients [J]. J Surg Res,2016,200(1):98-104.
[19]? Xiao H,Liu W,Quan H,et al. Peri-operative blood transfusion does not influence overall and disease-free survival after radical gastrectomy for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ gastric cancer:a propensity score matching analysis [J]. J Gastrointest Surg,2018,22(9):1489-1500.
[20]? Kanda M,Kobayashi D,Tanaka C,et al. Adverse prognostic impact of perioperative allogeneic transfusion on patients with stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ gastric cancer [J]. Gastric cancer,2016,19(1):255-263.
[21]? Li QG,Li P,Tang D,et al. Impact of postoperative complications on long-term survival after radical resection for gastric cancer [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2013,19(25):4060.
[22]? Xue L,Chen XL,Wei-Han Z,et al. Impact of Perioperative Blood Transfusion on Postoperative Complications and Prognosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients with Different Preoperative Hemoglobin Value [J]. Gastroenterol Res Pract,2016,2016(2):1-10.
[23]? An JY,Kim KM,Kim YM,et al. Surgical complications in gastric cancer patients preoperatively treated with chemotherapy:their risk factors and clinical relevance [J]. Ann Surg Oncol,2012,19(8):2452-2458.
[24]? Tsujimoto H,Ichikura T,Ono S,et al. Impact of Postoperative Infection on Long-Term Survival After Potentially Curative Resection for Gastric Cancer [J]. Ann Surg Oncol,2009,16(2):311-318.
[25]? Wang X,Wan F,Pan J,et al. Tumor size:A non-neglectable independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer [J]. J Surg Oncol,2008,97(3):236-240.
[26]? Jung DH,Lee HJ,Han DS,et al. Impact of perioperative hemoglobin levels on postoperative outcomes in gastric cancer surgery [J]. Gastric Cancer,2013,16(3):377-382.
[27]? Gong DJ,Miao CF,Bao Q,et al. Risk factors for operative morbidity and mortality in gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2008,14(42):6560.
[28]? Dixon E,Datta I,Sutherland FR,et al. Blood loss in surgical oncology:neglected quality indicator? [J]. J Surg Oncol,2009,99(8):508-512.
(收稿日期:2019-09-24? 本文編輯:王曉曄)