肖惠珍
摘 ?要:生態(tài)健康是一個(gè)地區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要指標(biāo)。該文以生態(tài)調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ),基于GIS技術(shù)的生態(tài)敏感性與生態(tài)適宜性分析,以因子加權(quán)疊加法為基本分析方法,運(yùn)用GIS的空間分析功能進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:(1)極高敏感區(qū)主要分布在高程高,坡度大且鄰近水域的區(qū)域;高敏感區(qū)分布在研究區(qū)森林覆蓋的大部分面積;敏感區(qū)集中分布在坡度不大的耕地和園地區(qū)域;低敏感區(qū)和非敏感區(qū)分布在坡度較緩,植被較單一的區(qū)域。(2)高適宜用地主要為現(xiàn)有居民點(diǎn)聚居區(qū)域及建筑用地,無自然植被;適宜用地一般坡度平緩,且交通便利,植被較差;較適宜用地離道路交通較遠(yuǎn),坡度高程適中,經(jīng)一定的工程措施和環(huán)境補(bǔ)償措施后也可作為建設(shè)用地;低適宜用地主要為森林覆蓋區(qū)域,以及引用水源及周邊區(qū)域;不適宜用地植被景觀優(yōu)良,生態(tài)敏感性強(qiáng),完全不適宜作為建設(shè)用地。
關(guān)鍵詞:GIS ?生態(tài)敏感性 ?生態(tài)適宜性
中圖分類號(hào):X826 ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1672-3791(2019)10(b)-0178-04
Abstract: Ecological health is an important indicator of sustainable development in a region. Based on the ecological survey, based on GIS technology of the ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability analysis, the factor weighted superposition method as the basic analysis method, using the spatial analysis function of GIS to analyze. The results show that: (1)the highly sensitive areas are mainly located in the areas with high elevation, large slope and adjacent waters; the highly sensitive areas are distributed in most areas covered by forest in the study area; the sensitive areas are concentrated in cultivated land and garden areas with small slope; the low sensitive areas and non-sensitive areas are distributed in areas with gentle slope and single vegetation. (2)Highly suitable land use is mainly existing residential areas and construction land without natural vegetation; suitable land use is generally gentle slope, convenient transportation and poor vegetation; more suitable land is far away from road traffic, moderate slope elevation, after certain engineering measures and environmental compensation measures, it can also be used as construction land; low suitable land use is mainly forest-covered areas, as well as introduction. Water sources and surrounding areas; unsuitable land for construction because of its excellent vegetation landscape and strong ecological sensitivity.
Key Words: GIS; Ecological sensitivity; Ecological suitability
在現(xiàn)代化城市建設(shè)的過程中,生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)問題越來越受到重視,人們逐漸意識(shí)到“先破壞,后恢復(fù)”是不能確??沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的,比經(jīng)濟(jì)利益更重要的是生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)和建設(shè)。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,地理信息系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)也為城市規(guī)劃提供了一個(gè)有效的手段。安吉縣作為新農(nóng)村建設(shè)中的領(lǐng)頭羊,對(duì)安吉縣土地利用空間格局以及驅(qū)動(dòng)力因子進(jìn)行研究,將會(huì)對(duì)其他一些正在起步建設(shè)新農(nóng)村和一些比較落后的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)提供理論指導(dǎo)意義和標(biāo)榜作用,有助于其他鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)在新農(nóng)村建設(shè)中對(duì)土地利用的合理規(guī)劃和使用。該研究以浙江省安吉縣為例,通過生態(tài)敏感性和生態(tài)適宜性分析,以求為解決城市規(guī)劃中的問題解決新思路,對(duì)改善安吉縣自身的生態(tài)環(huán)境、保護(hù)其土地資源、促進(jìn)區(qū)域土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展也同樣具有極其重要的意義。
1 ?研究區(qū)概況
安吉位于長(zhǎng)三角腹地,是浙江省湖州市的市屬縣。與浙江省的長(zhǎng)興縣、湖州市吳興區(qū)、德清縣、杭州市余杭區(qū)、臨安市和安徽省的寧國(guó)縣、廣德縣為鄰。在東經(jīng)119°14′~119°53′和北緯30°23′~30°53′之間,面積1885.71km2。
天目山脈自西南入境,分東西兩支環(huán)抱縣境兩側(cè),呈三面環(huán)山,中間凹陷,東北開口的“畚箕形”的輻聚狀盆地地形。地勢(shì)西南高、東北低,縣境南端龍王山是境內(nèi)最高山,海拔1587.4m,也是浙北的最高峰。山地分布在縣境南部、東部和西部,丘陵分布在中部,崗位分布在中北部,平原分布在西苕溪兩岸河漫灘,各占面積11.5%、50%、13.1%和25.4%。盛產(chǎn)竹子,為全國(guó)著名的“中國(guó)竹鄉(xiāng)”。