探究視角1:語篇分析
本文是一篇說明文。非洲城市中產(chǎn)階級不斷擴(kuò)大,使得外賣行業(yè)的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司不斷崛起。其中圖普卡軟件已經(jīng)開始為用戶提供配送熟食以外的服務(wù),客戶甚至可以下單買活的動物,外賣員騎著輕便小車可以順利穿行送貨。新的技術(shù)打開了更大的市場,這種零工對富人和窮人都有好處,促進(jìn)了非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
Ⅱ.詞匯拓展
一、近義詞
1.zigzag v. 作之字形行進(jìn);曲折進(jìn)行(n. 之字形;鋸齒紋)
slalom v. 進(jìn)行障礙滑雪賽;曲折前進(jìn)(n. 障礙滑雪賽)
e.g. The path zigzagged down the hillside. 小路沿著山坡蜿蜒而下。
e.g. Once, before any of us kids had a license, we spent an entire afternoon piloting someones old car in reverse, trying to slalom between the trees in a field. 一次,我們這幫小孩都還沒拿到駕照的時候,我們用人家的老轎車倒了一整個下午車,試著在一片田野的樹木間穿來穿去。
2.chore n. 日常事務(wù);令人厭煩的任務(wù)
errand n. 差事;跑腿
e.g. Shopping is a real chore for me. 對我來說,購物真是件苦差。
e.g. He often runs errands for his grandmother. 他經(jīng)常給他的祖母跑腿兒。
二、形近詞
revenue? n.(公司、機(jī)構(gòu)的)收益;收入
revenge? n. 報(bào)復(fù);報(bào)仇
e.g. advertising revenue 廣告收入
e.g. She wanted revenge for the insult. 她想報(bào)受辱之仇。
三、詞的發(fā)音
一個詞同時是名詞和動詞:凡是兩個音節(jié)的,名詞(往往是抽象名詞)重音都在第一音節(jié),動詞重音都在第二音節(jié)。
e.g. conduct n. /?k?nd?kt/ 舉止;行為
v. /k?n?d?kt/ 執(zhí)行;組織
produce? n. /?pr?dju?s/ 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品
v. /pr??dju?s/ 引起;生產(chǎn)
凡是三個音節(jié)以上的抽象名詞重音都在倒數(shù)第二個音節(jié)。
e.g. comprehension /?k?mpr??hen?n/? n. 理解力
derivation /der??ve??n/ n. 起源;由來
如果不是抽象名詞,則重音不一定在倒數(shù)第二個音節(jié)。
e.g. derivative /d??r?v?t?v/? n. 派生物;衍生品;派生詞
Ⅲ.難句分析
1.To offer these animals, Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online, a start?up named after Mercado Roque Santeiro, a huge, open?air informal market in Luanda that was closed by the nanny state in 2011.
句子主干是“Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online.”, To offer these animals是不定式表目的,a startup是Roque Online的同位語; named after Mercado Roque Santeiro是過去分詞作后置定語,修飾a start?up; a huge, open?air informal market in Luanda是Mercado Roque Santeiro的同位語,that was closed by the nanny state in 2011是定語從句,修飾market。從這個例句可以看出,英文句子中往往用同位語來解釋一個東西,而不全用定語從句,更不常用一個簡單句跟在句子后面解釋。
2.More than a third of households have at least one person living by informal vending.
句子主干是“More than a third of households have at least one person.”, living by informal vending是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語,修飾one person。household指一個家庭,同住一所房子的人,也可指家務(wù);還可作形容詞,指家喻戶曉的。
e.g. Today, fashion designers are household names. 如今,時裝設(shè)計(jì)師們家喻戶曉。