朱文一

2019年4月15日，巴黎圣母院大火震驚世界，也引發(fā)了全球建筑師的強(qiáng)烈關(guān)注。建筑師們?yōu)榘屠枋ツ冈哼@一曠世杰作的災(zāi)后重建獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策。所有方案都聚焦在如何修復(fù)或重建巴黎圣母院被燒掉的屋頂上。針對(duì)巴黎圣母院災(zāi)后重建，朱文一工作室于5月18日完成的題為“Notre Dame + 1”的設(shè)計(jì)方案，展示了另一種方式的保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)。方案發(fā)布在朱文一工作室網(wǎng)站上（www.zhuwenyi.com）。

首先是對(duì)待世界文化遺產(chǎn)的態(tài)度。巴黎圣母院不僅是巴黎的地標(biāo)、法國(guó)的象征，也是人類(lèi)文明的代表之作。歷經(jīng)800年的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，其壯麗、精美、滄桑的建筑藝術(shù)形象已經(jīng)深入人們的骨髓。方案“Notre Dame + 1”展示出對(duì)世界文化遺產(chǎn)的極大尊重。所采用的方式是原樣修復(fù)巴黎圣母院屋頂，完全恢復(fù)其在大火之前的形態(tài)（圖1）。

其次是搭建臨時(shí)城市觀景臺(tái)。巴黎圣母院屋頂及塔尖修復(fù)施工過(guò)程需要耗時(shí)多年。在此期間，是否可以讓當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈蛠?lái)自世界各地的游客有機(jī)會(huì)觀覽巴黎圣母院屋頂及塔尖修復(fù)的過(guò)程？方案“Notre Dame + 1”提供一種可能性，即在巴黎圣母院東南面的小廣場(chǎng)上搭建一處高220m的臨時(shí)城市觀景臺(tái)。人們可以在移動(dòng)的城市觀景臺(tái)上觀覽巴黎圣母院修復(fù)的過(guò)程，也可以借此鳥(niǎo)瞰巴黎城東部的美景（圖2—圖6）。

第三是嘗試先進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)。巴黎圣母院是哥特式建筑的典范，也代表了建筑結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新。1889年落成的埃菲爾鐵塔至今令人驚嘆?？梢哉J(rèn)為，展示先進(jìn)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)是巴黎城的一項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)。方案“Notre Dame + 1”的塔樓尺寸為6m×6m×220m，探索纖細(xì)超高塔樓的極限。在塔樓的四面，分別設(shè)置垂直滑軌并安放6m×6m×6m的外置電梯轎廂。轎廂的底部和側(cè)面為金屬結(jié)構(gòu)，其他4個(gè)面為整塊透明玻璃。這樣的設(shè)計(jì)從一個(gè)側(cè)面繼承和弘揚(yáng)了巴黎的建筑傳統(tǒng)。

第四是注重萬(wàn)能視角優(yōu)先。在數(shù)字時(shí)代衛(wèi)星地圖上體驗(yàn)建筑，以萬(wàn)能視角優(yōu)先為特征（圖7）。方案“Notre Dame + 1”針對(duì)原樣修復(fù)的巴黎圣母院屋頂，專(zhuān)門(mén)進(jìn)行了照明設(shè)計(jì)。當(dāng)夜幕降臨時(shí)，被照亮的“+”字屋頂在萬(wàn)能視角下顯得格外耀眼，與220m高的塔樓共同構(gòu)成了方案的題目“Notre Dame + 1”的整體形象。在移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)智能手機(jī)時(shí)代，小屏幕上的“Notre Dame + 1”極具辨識(shí)度（圖8）。

巴黎圣母院屋頂及塔尖修復(fù)完成之時(shí)，也將是作為臨時(shí)城市觀景臺(tái)的“Notre Dame + 1”結(jié)束其使命之日。

圖1 / Figure 1 原樣修復(fù)巴黎圣母院屋頂及塔尖之時(shí)When the roof and spire of Notre Dame are completely restored

圖2 / Figure 2 在原樣修復(fù)巴黎圣母院屋頂及塔尖期間In the process of completely restoring the roof and spire of Notre Dame

圖3 / Figure 3 在原樣修復(fù)巴黎圣母院屋頂及塔尖期間In the process of completely restorin spire of Notre Dame

圖4 / Figure 4 在原樣修復(fù)巴黎圣母院屋頂及塔尖期間In the process of completely restoring the roof and spire of Notre Dame

圖5 / Figure 5 在原樣修復(fù)巴黎圣母院屋頂及塔尖期間In the process of completely restoring the roof and spire of Notre Dame

圖6 / Figure 6 在原樣修復(fù)巴黎圣母院屋頂及塔尖期間In the process of completely restoring the roof and spire of Notre Dame

圖7 / Figure 7 衛(wèi)星地圖上的“Notre Dame + 1”設(shè)計(jì)方案Proposal“Notre Dame + 1”on Satellite Map

圖8 / Figure 8 智能手機(jī)屏幕上的“Notre Dame + 1”設(shè)計(jì)方案Proposal“Notre Dame + 1”on smart phone screen

On April 15, 2019, thefire of the Notre Dame de Paris shocked the world and attracted the attention of global architects. The architects contributed to the post-disaster reconstruction of the gorgeous masterpiece of Notre Dame. All proposals focus on how to repair or rebuild the burnt roof of Notre Dame. In response to the reconstruction of Notre Dame de Paris, ZHUWENYI Atelier‘s design proposal entitled “Notre Dame + 1” showed another way of protection design. The proposal was published on the website of ZHUWENYI Atelier (www.zhuwenyi.com) on May 18th, 2019.

Thefirst is the attitude towards the world’s cultural heritage. Notre Dame de Paris is not only a landmark of Paris, a symbol of France, but also a representative of human civilization. After 800 years of ups and downs, its magnificent, exquisite and vicissitude architectural image has penetrated people’s marrow. The proposal “Notre Dame + 1”demonstrates great respect for the world’s cultural heritage. The design concept was to repair the roof of Notre Dame as it was, and to completely restore its appearance before thefire (Figure 1).

The second is to build a temporary city observation deck. The construction of the roof and spire of Notre Dame in Paris takes many years. During this period, is it possible for city residents and visitors from all over the world to get a chance to see the restoration process of the roof and spire of Notre Dame? The proposal offers the possibility of constructing a 220m high temporary city observation deck on a small square southeast of Notre Dame.People can view the restoration process of Notre Dame on the moving city observation deck, and take a bird’s eye view of the eastern part of the city of Paris (Figure 2 - Figure 6).

The third is to try advanced structural technology.Notre Dame de Paris is a model of Gothic architecture and represents an innovation in building structure technology. The Eiffel Tower, completed in 1889, is amazing today. It can be argued that the display of advanced building structure technology has become a tradition in the city of Paris. The size of the tower “Notre Dame + 1” is 6m×6m×220m, exploring the limits of the slim super tower. On the four sides of the tower, vertical slide rails are installed and an external elevator car of 6m×6m×6m is placed. The bottom and sides of the car are made of metal, and the other four sides are monolithic transparent glass.

The fourth is to experience architecture through God’s-Eye-Viewfirst on the satellite map of Google Earth in the digital age (Figure 7). The proposal was specially designed for the roof of the Notre Dame de Paris. When the night falls, the illuminated “+” roof is particularly dazzling through God’s-Eye-View. Together with the 220m tower, it forms the overall image of the proposal “Notre Dame +1”. In the era of mobile Internet smartphones, the“Notre Dame + 1” on the small screen is highly recognizable (Figure 8).

When the roof and the spire of the Notre Dame de Paris are completed, it will also be the date of the mission of “Notre Dame + 1” as the temporary city observation deck.