朱文一

格拉芙那廣場始建于1720年，位于梅菲爾（Mayfair）中心，海德公園東側(cè)、牛津街南面，是倫敦第二大花園廣場。近20年來，這座著名的廣場由于種種原因活力不夠，與倫敦市民的期望有了不小的差距。2017年，名為“塑造廣場”（Shape the Square）的活動(dòng)調(diào)查了超過1,000名倫敦人，通過訪談等方式了解民眾對未來廣場的看法并進(jìn)行分析，可以歸納為明晰度（Clarity）、與周邊關(guān)聯(lián)（Context）、差異度（Contrast）、包容度（Company）和魅力度（Colour）5項(xiàng)指標(biāo)。2018年題為“重塑倫敦格拉芙那廣場”的公開國際競賽舉行。朱文一工作室提交的“橢圓環(huán)泳池”（OvalPool）設(shè)計(jì)方案在傳承性、獨(dú)特性、最小干擾性和城市關(guān)聯(lián)性4個(gè)方面探索了格拉芙那廣場的未來可能性。

首先是傳承性。橢圓環(huán)形狀源自歷史上橢圓形廣場鋪裝設(shè)計(jì)（圖1）。新穎的空中泳池底部材料為全反射的鏡面，最大限度地減小了泳池本身的存在感。這不僅是尊重歷史的一種方式，更探索了一種健康城市生活方式。

其次是獨(dú)特性。通過在梅菲爾中心建造一座高35m、寬10m、周長為400m的空中游泳池及散步道，OvalPool設(shè)計(jì)方案創(chuàng)造了體驗(yàn)城市天際線的全新方式，同時(shí)也探索了一種新的公共廣場類型（圖2—圖3）?？梢韵胂笫忻窈陀慰驮诳罩杏斡緯r(shí)欣賞美麗的倫敦城市輪廓線所體驗(yàn)到的獨(dú)特享受（圖4）。

第三是最小干擾性。OvalPool設(shè)計(jì)方案完全尊重并保留現(xiàn)狀樹木、紀(jì)念碑、雕像、小徑等廣場上的一切存在，將所有歷史信息傳遞至未來?？罩杏境氐闹谓Y(jié)構(gòu)為大量直徑只有20cm的細(xì)圓柱和少量直徑1.5m的圓柱狀垂直電梯。細(xì)小的結(jié)構(gòu)以及反射周邊的鏡面表皮實(shí)現(xiàn)了整座空中泳池對現(xiàn)狀場地的最小干擾（圖5—圖10）。

第四是城市關(guān)聯(lián)性。通過對倫敦城市中心區(qū)水系的分析可知，泰晤士河、蛇形麗都、圓形池塘、戴安娜紀(jì)念噴泉、圣詹姆斯公園的湖泊等水景構(gòu)成了倫敦城市完整的水系統(tǒng)，成為倫敦充滿活力的積極要素。OvalPool設(shè)計(jì)方案在東西軸線上增加一處空中橢圓環(huán)泳池是錦上添花，嘗試發(fā)掘和彰顯倫敦城中心水系統(tǒng)的特征（圖11—圖12）。

在衛(wèi)星地圖上萬能視角下，OvalPool方案的橢圓環(huán)形將呈現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的識別性。

圖1 / Figure 1 1827年倫敦地圖上的格拉芙那廣場Grosvenor Square on Map of London (1827)

圖2 / Figure 2 空中橢圓環(huán)泳池（OvalPool）設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思Concept of OvalPool

圖3 / Figure 3 空中橢圓環(huán)泳池設(shè)計(jì)方案Proposal OvalPool

圖4 / Figure 4 通過游泳體驗(yàn)倫敦城市天際線Experiencing the London skyline through swimming

圖5 / Figure 5 夏天的廣場Square in Summer

圖6 / Figure 6立面圖 / Elevation

圖7 / Figure 7剖面圖 / Section

圖8 / Figure 8 冬天的街景Streetscape in Winter

圖9 / Figure 9地面層平面 / Ground Plan

圖10 / Figure 10總平面圖 / Master Plan

圖11 / Figure 11 倫敦城市中心區(qū)水景系統(tǒng)分析Analysis of the Waterscape System in London City Center

圖12 / Figure 12 倫敦城市中心區(qū)水景系統(tǒng)Waterscape System in London City Cente

Founded in 1720, Grosvenor Square is located at the the east side of Hyde Park and the south of Oxford Street, the second largest garden square in London. In the past years, this famous square has not been energetic enough to satisty the city residents and tourists. In 2017, the event called Shape the Square surveyed more than 1,000 Londoners and used interviews to understand the public opinions of the future square. It can be summarized as Clarity, Context, Contrast, Company, and Colour.In 2018, an open international competition entitled“Reshaping London’s Grosvenor Square” was held.The “OvalPool” design proposal, a sky swimming pool, submitted by ZHUWENYI Atelier explores the future possibilities of Grafner Square in terms of uniqueness, minimum interference, inheritance and urban context.

Thefirst is inheritance. The elliptical ring shape is derived from the historic oval square pavement design (Figure 1, 2). The bottom material of the sky swimming pool is a fully reflective mirror that minimizes the presence of the pool itself. This is not only a way of respecting history, but also a healthy urban lifestyle.

The second is the uniqueness. By building a 35m high, 10m wide, 400m perimeter air swimming pool and promenade in the city center, the Oval-Pool creates a new way to experience the city skyline while also exploring a new typology of public plaza (Figure 3). We can imagine the unique enjoyment of the beautiful London city skyline when city residents and tourists swim in the air(Figure 4).

The third is the minimum interference. The Oval-Pool fully respects and preserves the existence of existing trees, monuments, statues, trails and others, and transmits all historic traces to the future. The supporting structure of the sky swimming pool is a large number of thin cylinders with a diameter of only 20 cm and a small number of cylindrical vertical elevators with a diameter of 1.5 m. The small structure and the mirrored skin around the re fl ections minimize the interference of the entire sky pool (Figure 5 - Figure 10).

The fourth is urban context. Through an analysis of the water system in central area of London, the waters of the Thames, Serpentine Lido, Round Pond, Diana Memorial Fountain, and Lake St.James Park form the complete water system of London’s city and become a vibrant and active London. Elements. The OvalPool proposes an air elliptical-ring pool to the east-west axis of Hyde Park, being added to the brilliance of the water system in the city center (Figures 11, 12).

On the satellite map, the OvalPool elliptical ring will be easily recognized (Figure 13).