江蘇省響水第一小學 楊衛(wèi)齊
小學英語教學中寫作能力的培養(yǎng)首先需要幫助學生樹立正確的寫作觀念,并指導學生進行科學的寫作訓練,通過這些方式能夠很好地提高學生的寫作能力,那么如何幫助學生樹立正確的寫作觀念以及進行科學的寫作訓練則是目前英語作文教學中必須解決的問題。
如何才能使英語作文新穎,需要有效地使用單詞、句式以及恰當?shù)倪B接詞,詞匯不能僅限于我們平時學習到的簡單詞匯,還需要涉及高級的詞匯,句式也必須豐富,才能使作文脫穎而出。教師在作文教學中必須加入這些技巧性的教學,引導學生學會使用高級詞匯、句式以及連接詞,使作文更加豐富。
例如,在《A happy day》作文訓練中,給出“It was a sunny day,we went to the park,there was a fashion show in the park,It was great fun,we were very happy……”如何將這些句式連接在一起并使用更高級的詞匯,是作文教學的重心。在教學中可以用“fortunate”代替“happy”“There was a fashion show in the park and we had a very good time.”還可以使用因果關系,“Because today was sunny,we decided to went to the park.”除此之外,也可以對作文進行評價而加強學生作文的學習“A happy day:Today,I got up very early,I had a very good breakfast,then I went out to play with my friend,We had a very good time.In the afternoon,I went swimming with my father,it was very hot,but we felt very good in the water. After supper I began to do my homework,I didn’t think it is difficult,so I finished it very early.Then I read some books and went to bed.”其中使用了“have a good time”詞組,“so I finished it very early”這種祈使句,從早上起床、中午以及晚上遞進式作文模式,作文具有層次性,教師在評價中將作文分為不同的段落,并針對段落的詞組、高級詞匯以及連接詞進行教學,讓學生學會寫作中的技巧,培養(yǎng)學生的寫作能力。
技巧的教學固然重要,但是高級詞匯、句式都需要平常的積累,才能中這些知識運用到英語寫作中。教師在上課期間需要指導學生收集這些高級詞匯以及句式,在日積月累之下牢記于心,才能運用到英語作文中。
例如,在《Chinese New Year》作文中就可以將學生平常收集到的與新年相關的詞匯、詞組、句式等運用到作文中,“Set off firecrackers,stick couplets,eat New Year’s Eve,watch Gala,red envelope,Dumplings,Lion dance,Ancestor”,需要在教學過程中引導學生收集積累相關詞匯詞組,“New Year’s Day to the elders’family,Going home for a reunion dinner,Pour the word”,加強學生平常作文素材的積累才能在寫作的時候合理運用這些詞匯句式,使作文更加新穎。
學生一開始進行英語作文寫作,都是從模仿一些優(yōu)秀的英語范文開始的,所以教師通過作文模仿教學,能夠幫助學生快速學會英語作文表達。
例如,在《In holiday》作文訓練中,教師可以通過對一篇類似英語作文的講解分析中,讓學生學會模仿性寫作,“I had a happy time on my holiday,I went to Qingdao with my mother.” 作者和母親去了青島,那么就可以將地點和人物換一下,“I had a happy time on my holiday,I went to library with my friend”,下一步作者寫到了天氣“The weather was sunny and hot.”,可以換成“That day,sweather was rain”;作者說他非常喜歡游泳,那么可以模仿用“I really like reading.”,而“I like this holiday,I think it was interesting,what about your holiday?Can you tell me?”這些句式是通用的,也可以用于自己的作文中,不過不能安全模仿,需要進行一些變動,“I like the day,I think it was very interesting,Can you tell me about your holiday?”按照這種作文教學,模仿優(yōu)秀英語作文寫作,并加入符合自己的實際情況,使得作文具有層次,內(nèi)容豐富深刻,對連接詞以及時態(tài)也能更好地把握。