周奧迪

名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。其連接代詞為who（ever），whom（ever）， which（ever）， what（ever）；連詞有that，whether，if等；連接副詞有when，where，how，why，because等。本期我們通過考點來講解一下名詞性從句：

考點一 對連接代詞what， who， which， whom等的考查

1.______ you said at the meeting describes a bridge future for the company.

A. When

B.How

C.What

D.That

2. Police have found____appears to be the best ancient statue.

A. which

B.where

C.how

D.what

3.I read about it in some book or other， does it matter ______ it was？

A. where

B.what

C.how

D.which

答案與簡析：1.c。what引導主語從句，做主語從句中said的賓語。2.B。what引導賓語從句，做賓語從句的主語。3.D。which引導主語從句，在從句中做was的表語。

【重點歸納】連接代詞起連接作用，并在從句中做主語、賓語、表語或定語。what指物，常做主語、賓語、表語或定語。who和whom指人，who可做主語和賓語，whom只能做賓語，which表示“哪一個”，常作定語、主語、賓語或定語。

難點突破：如何選擇連接代詞，一方面確定在從句中的成分、一方面看其指代的是什么。

考點二 whatever， whomver， whichever的考查

1._______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

A. Whoever

B.Whatever

C.Whichever

D.Wherever

2. We promise____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

A. who

B.whom

C.whoever

D.whomever

答案與簡析：1.C。whichever表示“無論你們中哪個人”，在從句中做the window的定語。2.C。whoever引導賓語從句，在從句中做主語。

【重點歸納】 -ever類詞主要引導主語從句和賓語從句。常見有whoever/whomever（任何/無論什么人），whatever（任何/無論什么物），whichever（無論哪一個人或物），在從句中做主語、賓語、表語或定語。whoever=anyone who+定語從句，它既可以做從句的主語，也可做賓語；whomever=anyone（whom）+定語從句，只在從句中做賓語；whatever=anything that+定語從句，可以做從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語。whichever=any（one） that+定語從句，表示“無論哪一個人或物”，所指的對象有一定的范圍，可以做從句的主語、賓語或定語。

難點突破：whatever，whoever，which也可引導讓步狀語從句，分別相當于no matter what，no matter who，no matter which。當選項有no matter…時，一定要首先判斷是讓步狀語從句，還是名詞性從句，然后才能確定選項。如：

3._______comes will be welcomed to the open-air concert.

A. Whatever

B.Whoever

C.No matter what

D.No matter who

4. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit____the season.

A. whatever

B.wherever

C.whenever

D.however

答案與簡析：3.B。根據(jù)句式，這是主語從句，因此不能選擇c和D。再根據(jù)語境，這里表示“無論什么人”。4.A。根據(jù)后面的句子the season （is），可見為讓步狀語，句意：無論是什么季節(jié)，律師總是穿那件律師制服。

考點三 連詞that， whether，if，as if， as though等的考查

1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief____you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

A. how

B.that

C.which

D.whether

2. Experts believe____people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

A. why

B.where

C.that

D.what

3. The limits of a person's intelligence， generally speaking， are fixed at birth but____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.

A. where

B.whether

C.that

D.why

答案與簡析：1.B。that引導同位語從句，僅僅起連接作用。句意：獲得最大成功的唯一辦法就是相信自己比別人好。that不作任何成分。2.C。that引導賓語從句，在從句中僅起連接作用。3.B。 whether引導主語從句，表示“是否”。

【重點歸納】連詞that引導從句，起連接作用，不作任何成分。whether和if表示“是否”。

難點突破1：whether和if意為“是否”，不擔任句子成分，但不可省略。這兩個連詞表示一種不肯定、不明確概念。他們在使用中有如下規(guī)定：

在主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句中，只能用whether，不能用if；在賓語從句中一般可以通用，但在以下情況不能通用。

在動詞discuss，leave，put等后常用whether；

后面有or， or not時，用whether；

賓語從句前置時用whether；

做介詞的賓語從句用whether。

難點突破2：as if常引導表語從句。如果與事實不符合，常用虛擬語氣，時態(tài)退后一步，如果是be，用were表達；如果與事實符合，用陳述語氣。

4. It doesn't matter____your turn right or left at the crossing because both roads lead to the park.

A. whether

B.how

C.if

D.when

5. At first， he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see____it got any better.

A.when

B.how

C.why

D.if

6. We haven't settled the question of____it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A. if

B.where

C.whether

D.that

7. Don't handle the vases as if it____made of steel.

A. is

B.were

C.has been

D.had been

答案與簡析：4.A。it為形式主語，因此這里是用whether引導主語從句。5.D。if引導賓語從句。 6.C。whether引導介詞of的賓語從句。7.B。as if引導表語從句。根據(jù)句意，這里是虛擬語氣。

考點四 對連接副詞where， when， why， how等的考查

1.1 have no idea____the journalist could have not got his information from.

A. that

B.why

C.what

D.where

2. I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer， which is____he never finished anything.

A. that

B.when

C.which

D.why

3. As a new diplomat he often thinks of____he can react more appropriately on such occasions.

A. what

B.which

C.that

D.how

答案與簡析：1.D。where引導同位語從句，在從句中表示地點。2.D。why引導表語從句，在從句中表示原因。3.D。how引導賓語從句，在從句中做方式狀語。

【重點歸納】連接副詞when，where，why，how，because等在從句中其連接作用，并分別在從句中做時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語，方式狀語等。

考點五 對名詞性從句中一些固定結(jié)構、特殊句型的考查

1. It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whether

2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________

a cure for AIDS will be found.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

3. What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

A. when

B. how

C. whether

D. why

4. Engines are to machines ________ hearts are to animals.

A. whether

B. that

C. what

D. which

5. From space， the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

A.why

B. how

C. because

D.whether

6. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of English liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

答案與簡析：1.D。whether引導表語從句，it為形式主語。2.B.that引導表語從句，doubt所在的句子為否定句，用that引導從句。3.C。whether引導表語從句，句中有doubt的肯定句。4.C。what引導表語從句，做表語從句的表語。5.C。because引導表語從句，表示原因。6.D。that引導同位語從句，先行詞為a story。

【重點歸納】名詞性從句中有一些固定句式，掌握這些句式，能提高我們做題效率。常見有以下句式：

It remains（ed） to be seen whether...。是否……看以后情況。

doubt作為動詞或名詞在否定句中，用that引導名詞性從句，在肯定句或疑問句中用whether，不用if。

句型：A is to B what/as C iS to D：A對于B猶如C對于D。

句型：The reason why/for which... is that...：……的原因是……

That/This/lt is because/why...：那時因為……/那就是做……的結(jié)果。

A story goes that...：據(jù)說/傳說……

Word came that...：消息傳來了……

考點六 巧設“分隔現(xiàn)象”或“插入現(xiàn)象”?？疾閷W生的審題分析能力及應變能力

1. The notice came around 2 in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.

A. when

B. that

C. whether

D. how

2. The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. who

3. -It's thirty years since we last met.

-But I still remember the story， believe it or not， ________ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. none

答案與簡析：1.B。that引導同位語從句，先行詞為notice。2.C。create后面為賓語從句，they hope為插入語，what引導賓語從句，做從句主語。3.B。that引導同位語從句，believe it or not為插入語。

【重點歸納】名詞性從句的分割現(xiàn)象主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾種情況：

主語含有同位語從句，謂語很短，往往把先行詞和同位語從句分開，避免頭重腳輕。構成：主語（先行詞）+謂語+同位語從句。如題1。

主句和從句之間還有插入語。做此類題要拋開插入語或其他成份，還原成正常語序才能正確選出連接詞。如題3。

考點七 對名詞性從句時態(tài)的考查

1. The manager was concerned to hear that 2 0f his trusted workers ________.

A. will leave

B. are leaving

C. have left

D. were leaving

2. As soon as he comes back， I'll tell him when _______ and see him.

A. you will come

B. will you come

C. you come

D. do you come

3. Send my regards to your lovely wife when you ________ home.

A. wrote

B. will write

C. have written

D. write

答案與簡析：1.D。主句是過去時態(tài)，賓語從去也應該是過去，因此排除其他三項。2.A。此句中when引導的是賓語從句，根據(jù)語境這里是將來，用一般將來時態(tài)。3.D。此句中的when引導時間狀語從句，表示將來，用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。

【重點歸納】含名詞性從句的主句和從句時態(tài)的確定要依據(jù)主從句各自反映的時間和語境確定。

賓語從句的時態(tài)應和主句時態(tài)相呼應。主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句依據(jù)語境可能是過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如主句是過去時態(tài)，從句一定是過去時態(tài)；除非是客觀事實，科學真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。

難點分析：when和if引導的狀語從句指將來，用一般時態(tài)表示將來；引導的賓語從句指將來，用將來時態(tài)。

考點八 對名詞性從句語序的考查以及含插入語的疑問語序

1. These shoes look very good. I wonder ________.

A. how much cost they are

B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost

D. how much are they cost

2. I have always been honest and straightforward and it doesn't matter

________ I'm talking to.

A. who is it

B. who it is

C. it is who

D. it is whom

3. Mum is coming. What present ________ for your birthday？

A. you expect she has got

B. you expect has she got

C. do you expect she has got

D. do you expect has she got

答案與簡析：1.C。how much作為連接詞引導賓語從句，后面為陳述語序。2.B。who引導主語從句，后面為陳述語序。3.C。含有do you think的插入語，首先是疑問詞，接著是插入語倒裝，然后陳述語序。

【重點歸納】名詞性從句的語序是連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞加陳述語序。

“插入語疑問句”的語序：特殊疑問詞開頭+do you think/believe/suppose/guess/say...+陳述浯序。

考點九 對名詞性從句中的感嘆句、強調(diào)句及形式主語及形式賓語it的考查

1. Do not let any failures discourage you， for you can never tell____close you may be to victory.

A. how

B.that

C.which

）.where

2.I was surprised by her words， which made me recognized____silly mistakes l had made.

A. what

B.that

C.how

D.which

3. I just wonder____that makes him so excited.

A. why it does

B.what he does

C.how it is

D.what it is

4. He didn't make____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A. this

B.that

C.it

D.these

5.It suddenly occurred to him

he had left his keys in the office.

A. whether

B.where

C.which

D.that

6. It is not who is right but what is right____is of importance.

A. which

B.it

C.that

D.this

答案與簡析：1.A。賓語從句為感嘆句：How close you may be to victory。2.A。賓語從句為感嘆句：what silly mistakes I had made03.D。賓語從句為強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句。4.C?？疾閕t做形式賓語，真正賓語為when and where引導的賓語從句。5.Do that引導主語從句，it為形式主語。It occur to sb. that...表示“某人突然想起某事”。6.C?？疾閺娬{(diào)句，強調(diào)的是由not...but引導的兩個主語從句并列。

【重點歸納】由how和what引導的感嘆句在賓語從句中，要注意把how和what所修飾的形容詞、副詞或名詞一起提前，用陳述語序。

強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句在賓語從句中的語序為：疑問詞+it be +that+原句剩余部分。

考查it做形式賓語和形式主語的用法。

強調(diào)名詞性從句的強調(diào)句，主語強調(diào)句的結(jié)構。