編譯：周 羽

英國劇場技師協(xié)會 (Association of British Theatre Technicians，簡稱ABTT，成立于1961年)于1972年制作了第一部劇院設(shè)計(jì)和規(guī)劃指南。在1986年修訂后，成為任何涉及劇院建筑、裝修或者創(chuàng)造一個(gè)表現(xiàn)空間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考。2010年由該組織出版、朱迪思·斯特朗（Judith Strong）編輯的《劇院建筑設(shè)計(jì)指南》（

Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide

）一書，是其繼承者。

這本書使讀者了解了劇院的規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)的全過程。它在建筑物的每一個(gè)區(qū)域都有詳細(xì)的注解，包括房子前面、禮堂、后臺和行政辦公區(qū)域。它聚焦于一些具體的指導(dǎo)，比如音響、舞臺工程、燈光、聲音和視頻，禮堂和舞臺的尺寸等等。餐飲、會議和教育使用等方面也包括在內(nèi)。書中涵蓋了28座劇院的案例，《歌劇》雜志將編譯其中精彩的個(gè)案，與業(yè)界共同分享。

劇院建筑設(shè)計(jì)指南之洛瑞藝術(shù)中心

The Lowry from

薩爾福德碼頭，大曼徹斯特地區(qū)，英國

Salford Quays, Greater Manchester, UK

洛瑞藝術(shù)中心給視覺藝術(shù)和表演藝術(shù)提供了一個(gè)平臺，包括一個(gè)大型的抒情劇場，一個(gè)小的、適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)更靈活的表演空間，一個(gè)工作室劇場，英國第一個(gè)為兒童提供手工體驗(yàn)的工作坊，以及一個(gè)展示350多幅薩爾福德本土藝術(shù)家勞倫斯·斯蒂文·洛瑞作品的畫廊。洛瑞藝術(shù)中心是邁克爾·威爾福德（Michael Wilford）和詹姆斯·斯特林爵士（Sir James Stirling）建筑合作關(guān)系中的收官之作（1992年斯特林爵士去世后完工）。

The Lowry provides a platform for both the visual and the performing arts; including a large lyric theatre;a smaller, more adaptable, flexible performance space;a studio theatre; the UK’s first ‘hands-on’ gallery for

概 要

劇院類型和運(yùn)營形式

三個(gè)演繹空間承載著不同藝術(shù)和娛樂類型的項(xiàng)目。

地址及網(wǎng)站資源參考

薩爾福德碼頭，英國大曼徹斯特地區(qū)。

www.thelowry.com

建造年代

總體規(guī)劃師任命于1991年，規(guī)劃于1996年審批通過。1997年開工，2000年4月開業(yè)。

觀眾席

主劇場：抒情風(fēng)格的帶幕布舞臺及飛控塔，容納1730個(gè)座位。

靈活的庭院劇場可容納466個(gè)座位，可調(diào)節(jié)的工作室劇場可容納218個(gè)座位。

舞臺

主劇場：29米寬，17.5米深，高度23米。庭院劇場：20米寬，10.2米深，高度9米。工作室劇場：10米寬，11米深。

建筑師

邁克爾·威爾福德與其合伙人（與詹姆斯·斯特林爵士一起設(shè)計(jì)了平面初稿）。

劇院（設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)）咨詢

劇院規(guī)劃咨詢，英國倫敦。

音效咨詢

桑迪·布朗聯(lián)合公司，英國倫敦。

造價(jià)

1.06 億英鎊（2000年）。children; and a gallery displaying over 350 paintings by the Salford artist L S Lowry. It is the final project by the architectural partnership of Michael Wilford and Sir James Stirling (completed after Stirling’s death in 1992).

Theatre type and operational format

Three performance spaces house a mixed programme of arts and entertainment.

Location and web reference

Salford Quays, Greater Manchester, UK.

www.thelowry.com

Building dates

Master planners appointed 1991. Planning approval 1996. Start on site 1997. Opened in April 2000.

Auditorium

Main theatre: Lyric style with proscenium and flytower, seating 1,730. Flexible courtyard theatre seats up to 466. Flexible studio theatre seats up to 218.

Stages

Lyric: 29m wide X 17.5m deep. Height to grid 23m.

Courtyard: 20m wide X 10.2m deep. Height to grid 9m.

Studio: 10m wide X 11m deep.

Summary

Architect

Michael Wilford and Partners. (Original master plan developed with Sir James Stirling.)

Theatre (design and technical) consultants

Theatre Projects Consultants, London, UK.

Acoustic consultants

Sandy Brown Associates, London, UK.

Building cost

￡106 million in 2000.

洛瑞藝術(shù)中心是由英國國家彩票計(jì)劃資助的、為千禧年而新建的12個(gè)主要城市項(xiàng)目之一。這是藝術(shù)被用作經(jīng)濟(jì)和物質(zhì)再生焦點(diǎn)的典型案例，旨在將更多的商業(yè)投資和游客引入到這個(gè)繁榮一時(shí)而后衰敗的曼徹斯特運(yùn)河上的薩爾福德碼頭來。

The Lowry is one of 12 major urban projects which were funded by the UK’s National Lottery programme to mark the new millennium. It is an example of the arts being used as the focus for economic and physical regeneration,in this case aimed at bringing more businesses and tourism to the once thriving but subsequently derelict Salford docks on the Manchester Ship Canal.

藝術(shù)中心為產(chǎn)生影響力而設(shè)計(jì)。它在形式、用材和區(qū)位上都引人注目。這個(gè)綜合體由一系列幾何形狀組成——六邊形、圓形、三角形和矩形——形成一個(gè)單一的個(gè)體，使人聯(lián)想到停泊在碼頭終點(diǎn)的船只。用于覆蓋建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的玻璃和不銹鋼有助于增強(qiáng)這種形象，既能映射天空，又能倒映水。

The building is designed to make an impact. It is striking in its form, use of materials and location. The complex is made up of a sequence of geometric shapes– hexagon, circle, triangle and rectangle – forming a single unit which evokes the image of a ship moored at the end point of the quay. The glass and stainless steel used to clad the structure serve to enhance this image,reflecting both the sky and the water.

上：洛瑞藝術(shù)中心工作室劇場

下：沿洛瑞藝術(shù)中心的河畔階梯和懸空步行橋，可以通往特拉福德碼頭及皇家戰(zhàn)爭博物館北方館

建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)旨在吸引人們的注意力，并鼓勵人們探索它的各種服務(wù)功能。大樓周圍遍布著一條長廊，方便客人前往不同的空間——大型開放式門廳區(qū)以及劇院和畫廊。餐廳、咖啡廳和酒吧沿著建筑物的南側(cè)排列，并通向河畔的臺階。

The form of the Lowry aims to draw people in and encourage them to explore what is on offer. A promenade runs all around the building providing easy access to the different spaces – the large open foyer areas as well as the theatres and galleries. A restaurant,cafés and bars are sited along the south side of the building and open onto waterside terraces.

明亮的橙色、紫色和藍(lán)色，貫穿整個(gè)建筑的室內(nèi)空間。

Bright colours, orange and purple and blue, are used throughout the interior spaces.

兩個(gè)主要劇場的氛圍、色彩和制作理念形成鮮明對比，它們?yōu)楦鞣N各樣的演出活動和劇目生產(chǎn)提供場所（戲劇、歌劇、芭蕾、舞蹈、音樂劇、兒童劇、流行音樂、爵士、民族舞和喜?。?。主劇場是19世紀(jì)晚期20世紀(jì)早期抒情劇院的成功代表作，設(shè)計(jì)成三個(gè)層次，使整個(gè)觀眾席盡可能接近舞臺。碼頭劇院是一個(gè)具有400個(gè)座位的靈活的馬蹄形禮堂，主要源于18世紀(jì)末和20世紀(jì)末的庭院劇院風(fēng)格，具有相當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)械化以促進(jìn)舞臺布局的變化。

The two main theatres are contrasting in their ambience, colour and production values. They provide facilities for a wide range of events and productions(drama, opera, ballet, dance, musicals, children’s show,popular music, jazz, folk and comedy). The main theatre is a successful modern interpretation of the late nineteenthand early twentieth-century lyric theatre, designed on three levels to bring the whole audience as close to the stage as possible. The Quays theatre is a flexible 400-seat horseshoe auditorium owing much to both the late eighteenth and late twentieth-century courtyard theatres, with considerable mechanization to facilitate changes of layout.