By Lisa Grossman/黃 菊(譯)
◆語篇導(dǎo)讀
宇宙中到底有沒有外星人?如果有,外星人會是什么樣子的呢?真的和電視里的科幻片描述的一樣嗎?如果沒有,為什么有新聞?wù)f見到過外星人呢?本文將開啟咱們的解讀外星人之旅,看看究竟有沒有外星人,外星人跟我們又有什么關(guān)系。
If signals from an alien ever reach Earth,the aliens may already be dead.Physicist Claudio Grimaldi and his workmates worked out the area of the galaxy that should be filled with alien signals at a given time.
The team,which includes Frank Drake (now a professor retired from the SETI Institute in Mountain View,Calif,and the University of California,Santa Cruz),thought civilizations are born and die at a constant rate.When a civilization dies out,the signals it had sent continue traveling like round ripples on a lake.Part of the Milky Way should be filled with these ghost signals.
If the civilization lasted less than 100,000 years—the time it takes to cross the galaxy—then the possibilities of the signals reaching Earth while the civilization is still spreading are reducing,the researchers reported on February 27.Humans,for example,have been using radio waves for only about 80 years,so our radio waves cover less than 0.001 percent of the Milky Way.
“If the civilization came out from the other side of the galaxy,when the signal arrives here,the civilization will already be gone,”says Grimaldi.
Surprisingly,the team also worked out that the average number of E.T.signals crossing Earth at a given time should be the same as the number of civilizations spreading at that time—even if the civilizations we hear aren’t the same ones presently spreading.Grimaldi is now working on a paper about what it means that we’ve found none so far.
◆詞語積淀
signal/'s?gn(?)l/n.信號;暗號
galaxy/'g?l?ksi/n.銀河;銀河系
civilization/,s?v?la?'ze???n/n.文明;文化
constant/'k?nst(?)nt/adj.不變的;恒定的
ripple/'r?p(?)l/n.波紋;漣漪
reduce/r?'dju?s/v.減少;縮小
average/'?v(?)r?d?/adj.平均的;普通的
presently/'prez(?)ntli/adv.目前;不久
◆典句賞析
1....then the possibilities of the signals reaching Earth while the civilization is still spreading are reducing...……那么,盡管該文明仍然在傳播,其信號傳達到地球的可能性卻正在減小……
while作為連詞,引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句,意為“盡管,雖然”;the possibilities of是固定詞組搭配,意為“……的可能”。
【即時嘗試】盡管沒有成功的可能,他還是在努力。
2.Part of the Milky Way should be filled with these ghost signals.這些虛假的信號應(yīng)該會遍及部分銀河。
fill...with...是固定詞組搭配,意為“用……填滿……”。該句中的be filled是“be+動詞過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu),屬于被動語態(tài)形式,表示“被……填滿”。
【即時嘗試】他的大腦里滿是知識。
3.Grimaldi is now working on a paper about what it means that we’ve found none so far.Grimaldi目前正在撰寫一篇文章,闡述我們至今還未發(fā)現(xiàn)的到底意味著什么。
work on意為“繼續(xù)工作,從事于……”;so far意為“到目前為止”,通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。句子“what it means that we’ve found none so far”作介詞about的賓語,在這個賓語從句中,it是形式主語,真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句,以避免句子“頭重腳輕”。
【即時嘗試】到目前為止,她還沒意識到從事自己喜歡的工作很難。
譯文助讀
如果外星人的信號到達了地球,發(fā)出信號的外星人可能早已經(jīng)死了。物理學(xué)家Claudio Grimaldi和他的同事計算出了在給定時間內(nèi),外星人的信號在銀河里可能覆蓋的面積。
Frank Drake(現(xiàn)在是一名退休教授,曾任職于加利福尼亞州山景城SETI研究院及位于圣克魯茲的加利福尼亞大學(xué))也是該研究小組的一員,他們認(rèn)為各種文明以不變的頻率產(chǎn)生和消亡。當(dāng)一種文明滅絕后,它已經(jīng)發(fā)出的信號還會繼續(xù)傳播,就猶如湖面上一圈圈的漣漪一樣。這些虛假的信號應(yīng)該會遍及部分銀河。
2月27日,據(jù)研究人員報道,如果這種文明持續(xù)不到100,000年——它跨越銀河的時間——那么,盡管該文明仍然在傳播,其信號傳達到地球的可能性卻正在減小。比如,人類使用無線電波僅約80年,所以我們的無線電波的覆蓋面積不到銀河總面積的0.001%。
Grimaldi說:“如果這種文明是從銀河對面?zhèn)鬟^來的,當(dāng)信號到達這里時,該文明已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了。”
出人意料的是,該研究小組還計算出,在特定時間內(nèi),外星人(E.T.)信號傳到地球上的平均值應(yīng)該等于當(dāng)時正在傳播的文明種類的數(shù)值——即使我們所聽到的文明信號并不是正在傳播的同種文明所發(fā)出的。Grimaldi目前正在撰寫一篇文章,闡述我們至今還未發(fā)現(xiàn)的到底意味著什么。