王一涵,趙 斌,李龍浩,方文姬,陳 英,張 濤(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院腫瘤科,重慶400016)
惡性腫瘤是全球主要死亡原因之一,每年新發(fā)例數(shù)與死亡例數(shù)分別達(dá)到1 410萬和820萬[1-2],因此,尋找潛在的腫瘤生物標(biāo)志物用以指導(dǎo)臨床決策有重要意義。沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子1(SIRT1)是一種依賴于煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸的脫乙酰酶[3]。有研究表明,SIRT1主要通過修飾組蛋白參與細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、代謝、凋亡、腫瘤發(fā)生及耐藥等多種過程[4]。SIRT1 在肺癌[5]、肝癌[6]、結(jié)直腸癌[7]、淋巴瘤等多種惡性腫瘤組織中高表達(dá)[8]。SIRT1表達(dá)水平與腫瘤患者的預(yù)后有一定關(guān)聯(lián),但各研究報(bào)道結(jié)果并不完全一致。本研究擬通過meta分析評(píng)價(jià)
SIRT1在腫瘤患者預(yù)后評(píng)估中的價(jià)值。
1.1 資料
1.1.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索策略 利用計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane library數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中從建庫(kù)至2017年12月31日公開發(fā)表的關(guān)于SIRT1與腫瘤預(yù)后相關(guān)性的英文文獻(xiàn)。檢索詞包括:sirtuin1、SIRT1、cancer、carcinoma、neoplasm、tumor、prognosis、outcome、survival。對(duì)相關(guān)參考文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展檢索。
1.1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)研究對(duì)象為病理確診的腫瘤患者;(2)描述了SIRT1表達(dá)水平與腫瘤患者臨床結(jié)局的關(guān)系。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)綜述、案例報(bào)道、動(dòng)物或細(xì)胞系研究;(2)無法獲取相關(guān)臨床結(jié)局指標(biāo)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比(HR)及 95% 置信區(qū)間(CI);(3)非英文文獻(xiàn)。如果一篇文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)包括2個(gè)及以上試驗(yàn),并且報(bào)道了不同結(jié)局,將作為獨(dú)立研究進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)提取。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 資料提取 數(shù)據(jù)由2名研究者獨(dú)立提取,包括:(1)文獻(xiàn)基本信息;(2)臨床信息(腫瘤類型、樣本量、隨訪時(shí)間);(3)SIRT1 檢測(cè)方法及臨界值;(4)臨床結(jié)局指標(biāo)的HR及95%CI。
1.2.2 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià) 采用紐卡斯?fàn)?渥太華量表對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)??偡譃?分。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 本研究所有分析均采用Stata 12.0軟件。效應(yīng)量選取HR及95%CI,若文獻(xiàn)未直接提供,按TIERNEY[9]推薦的方法計(jì)算。分析各研究間的異質(zhì)性采用χ2檢驗(yàn),若各研究結(jié)果間存在明顯異質(zhì)性,則需采用亞組分析或敏感度分析探索其異質(zhì)性的來源。通過漏斗圖、Begg′s檢驗(yàn)評(píng)估發(fā)表偏倚。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果 初步檢索獲得相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)578篇。仔細(xì)閱讀題目及摘要后,得到初篩文獻(xiàn)52篇。進(jìn)一步閱讀全文,最終納入英文文獻(xiàn)[10-43]34篇,共7 311例患者。其中,文獻(xiàn)[21,39]均可再分為2個(gè)獨(dú)立研究進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)提取及分析。文獻(xiàn)檢索流程及結(jié)果,見圖1。34篇納入文獻(xiàn)發(fā)表于2009—2017年,均采用免疫組織化學(xué)測(cè)定SIRT1的表達(dá)。質(zhì)量評(píng)分為6~8分。見表1。
圖1 文獻(xiàn)篩選流程及結(jié)果
表1 納入研究的基本特征
續(xù)表1 納入研究的基本特征
2.2 meta分析結(jié)果 納入文獻(xiàn)中,33篇文獻(xiàn)(包含6 874例患者)報(bào)道了SIRT1表達(dá)水平與OS的關(guān)系。分析結(jié)果顯示,與SIRT1低表達(dá)比較,SIRT1高表達(dá)的腫瘤患者 OS 時(shí)間縮短(HR=1.66,95%CI為 1.36~2.02,P=0.000),見圖2。亞組分析結(jié)果顯示,按照腫瘤類型分組,消化道腫瘤與非消化道腫瘤均顯示SIRT1高表達(dá)患者 OS時(shí)間縮短(消化道腫瘤HR=1.46,95%CI為1.17~1.82,I2=75.2%;非消化道腫瘤HR=2.04,95%CI為1.38~3.00,I2=79.2%);按照 HR 計(jì)算方法分組,單變量分析組異質(zhì)性明顯下降(HR=1.75,95%CI為 1.33~2.29,I2=47.7%),多變量分析組仍存在明顯異質(zhì)性(HR=1.62,95%CI為 1.26~2.08,I2=82.4%)。
圖2 SIRT1高表達(dá)與腫瘤患者OS關(guān)系的meta分析森林圖
納入文獻(xiàn)中,6篇文獻(xiàn)(包含1 492例患者)報(bào)道了SIRT1表達(dá)水平與RFS的關(guān)系。分析結(jié)果顯示,SIRT1高表達(dá)的腫瘤患者RFS時(shí)間縮短,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(HR=1.71,95%CI為 1.03~2.83,P=0.039),見圖 3。
圖3 SIRT1高表達(dá)與腫瘤患者RFS關(guān)系的meta分析森林圖
納入文獻(xiàn)中,6篇文獻(xiàn)(包含1570個(gè)患者)報(bào)道了SIRT1表達(dá)水平與DFS的關(guān)系。分析結(jié)果顯示,SIRT1不同表達(dá)水平的腫瘤患者DFS差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(HR=1.23,95%CI為 0.75~2.02,P=0.419),見圖 4。
圖4 SIRT1高表達(dá)與腫瘤患者DFS關(guān)系的meta分析森林圖
2.3 發(fā)表偏倚 33篇文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道了SIRT1表達(dá)水平與OS的關(guān)系,漏斗圖顯示存在發(fā)表偏倚(Begg′s test,P=0.002),見圖5。采用剪補(bǔ)法將估計(jì)缺失的研究納入后得到校正的合并效應(yīng)量HR=1.29,95%CI為1.05~1.58,P=0.016。
圖5 漏斗圖檢驗(yàn)發(fā)表偏倚
2.4 敏感度分析 SIRT1高表達(dá)與腫瘤患者OS的敏感度分析結(jié)果,見圖6。分析結(jié)果顯示,每個(gè)單獨(dú)的研究結(jié)果對(duì)總體合并效應(yīng)量并無明顯影響。
圖6 SIRT1高表達(dá)與腫瘤患者OS的敏感度分析
SIRT1通過賴氨酸去乙?;饔谜{(diào)節(jié)靶蛋白活性,在胚胎發(fā)育、分化及維持自身平衡中發(fā)揮重要作用[44]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SIRT1同時(shí)具有抑制腫瘤及促進(jìn)腫瘤的雙重作用。一方面,SIRT1可以通過維持基因穩(wěn)定性從而抑制腫瘤發(fā)生[45];另一方面,SIRT1也可通過去乙?;{(diào)節(jié)相關(guān)蛋白的活性,調(diào)控上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化,維持腫瘤干細(xì)胞存活,促進(jìn)腫瘤增殖、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[46]。此外,SIRT1還參與腫瘤細(xì)胞獲得性耐藥[47]。本研究通過meta分析探討SIRT1表達(dá)與腫瘤患者預(yù)后的關(guān)系。本研究結(jié)果顯示,與SIRT1低表達(dá)腫瘤患者比較,SIRT1高表達(dá)患者OS、RFS縮短。SIRT1高表達(dá)是腫瘤預(yù)后的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素。本研究結(jié)果提示,SIRT1可能作為判斷腫瘤預(yù)后的標(biāo)志物及潛在的腫瘤治療靶點(diǎn),與其他抗腫瘤藥物聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可提高治療效果。
分析發(fā)現(xiàn),研究SIRT1表達(dá)水平與腫瘤患者OS的各文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果存在明顯異質(zhì)性(P=0.000,I2=77.9%)。作者展開了敏感度分析,結(jié)果顯示,單一研究對(duì)總合并效應(yīng)量并無明顯影響。亞組分析顯示腫瘤類型、HR計(jì)算方法都可能導(dǎo)致異質(zhì)性的產(chǎn)生。其他因素如患者基線特征(包括年齡、腫瘤分期、分化程度等)、臨界值、隨訪時(shí)間等方面的差異也可能是各研究異質(zhì)性產(chǎn)生的原因。針對(duì)納入研究存在的發(fā)表偏倚,作者采用剪補(bǔ)法分析得到校正的合并效應(yīng)量HR=1.289,95%CI為 1.05~1.58,證實(shí)了本研究結(jié)果的可靠性。此外,meta分析結(jié)果顯示,SIRT1高表達(dá)與腫瘤患者低 RFS相關(guān)(P=0.039),與 DFS無關(guān)(P=0.419)。進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),研究SIRT1與RFS相關(guān)性的文獻(xiàn)納入腫瘤類型包括乳腺癌(39.0%)、頭頸部腫瘤(29.3%)、消化道腫瘤(18.3%)及腎癌(13.4%),其中報(bào)道的腫瘤分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者所占比例達(dá)到52.5%;而SIRT1與DFS相關(guān)性的文獻(xiàn)納入腫瘤類型包括乳腺癌(58.5%)及消化道腫瘤(41.5%),Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者占38.9%。結(jié)果提示,RFS、DFS與SIRT1相關(guān)性的差異可能是由腫瘤類型及分期的不同所導(dǎo)致。目前,仍需更多臨床研究的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)一步分析SIRT1在不同腫瘤類型及不同腫瘤期別中的預(yù)后價(jià)值。
本研究仍存在一定局限性:(1)各文獻(xiàn)中SIRT1表達(dá)水平的臨界值不統(tǒng)一;(2)部分研究未直接提供HR值,需要通過生存曲線計(jì)算提取估計(jì)值,未能獲取HR值的文獻(xiàn)被排除;(3)報(bào)道陽(yáng)性結(jié)果的研究更容易發(fā)表;(4)本研究結(jié)果可能受到某些混雜因素的影響。因此,對(duì)本研究結(jié)果的解讀應(yīng)更加謹(jǐn)慎。
綜上所述,SIRT1高表達(dá)與腫瘤患者的不良預(yù)后有一定關(guān)系。隨著對(duì)SIRT1作用機(jī)制的深入研究,以及更多高質(zhì)量臨床研究的設(shè)計(jì)及開展,SIRT1有望作為腫瘤預(yù)后標(biāo)志物及潛在治療靶點(diǎn),為臨床治療提供新的思路和方法。
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