羅薇
【摘要】as soon as 及其同義的the instant(that/when)等8個同義英語短語,是兩種不同的短語。本文詳細論述了其用法,以便于英語學習者更容易地掌握它們。
【關鍵詞】英語短語;同義短語;用法
【中圖分類號】H09 【文獻標識碼】B 【文章編號】2095-3089(2017)32-0164-02
as soon as 和the instant(that/when),the minute(that/when),the moment(that/when),the second(that/when),directly,immediately,instantly等8個英語短語,為時間從屬連詞,引導時間狀語從句,均作“一……就……;剛……就……”解,是英語中最常見的短語群。就其使用頻度和重要性來說,可分為兩種,即:1.as soon as,2.the instant(that/when),the minute(that/when),the moment(that/when),the second(that/when),directly,immediately,instantly。
一、as soon as
as soon as“一……就……;剛……就……”,是從as...as 衍化來的時間從屬連詞,引導時間狀語從句,屬于副詞的比較范疇,表示一個動作接著另一個動作發(fā)生,其用法特點有
(一)時態(tài)要求
常用于一般簡單時態(tài),即一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和一般將來時。
The machine starts as soon as the button is pressed.
一按按鈕機器就開動起來。
As soon as I arrived home yesterday,the telephone rang.
昨天我一到家電話鈴就響了。
I shall call you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai.
我一到上海就給你打電話。
(二)常用于祈使語氣
由于它們要求用一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時,所以,經常用于祈使語氣,并常和let,please連用。
Let us start as soon as he comes.
他一來就讓我們開始吧。
Please tell us the instant you have any news.
一有消息請立即告訴我們。
Telephone me immediately you get the result.
你一得到結果就打電話給我。
二、the instant(that/when),the minute(that/when),the moment(that/when),the second(that/when),directly,immediately,instantly
這七個短語不僅和as soon as同義,均表示“一……就……;剛……就……”,而且用法也一樣:1.常用于一般簡單時態(tài);2.常用于祈使語氣;3.從屬連詞的位置比較靈活,可放在句首或句子后部。這七個短語按結構可分為兩種:the instant(that/when),the minute(that/when),the moment(that/when),the second(that/when),和directly,immediately,instantly,并各有其不同的特點。
(一)the instant(that/when),the minute(that/when),the moment
(that/when),the second(that/when),
四者中,定冠詞the均不能省略,而它們的連詞that或when則可以省略。就使用頻度來說,這四個短語中,the second(that/when)用得不多:
You see the lightning the instant it happens,but you hear the thunder later.(從屬連詞前置,一般現(xiàn)在時。)
閃電一出現(xiàn)你就看得見,但是隨后你才聽到雷聲。
The moment he saw me,he turned pale.
(從屬連詞前置,一般過去時。)他一看到我就臉色蒼白。
I am going to tell you the moment(that/when) I get the information.(從屬連詞位于句子后部,一般將來時。)
我一有消息就告訴你。
I recognized him the second (that/when) we met each other.
(從屬連詞位于句子后部。)一見面我就認出了他。
(二)directly,immediately,instantly
三者是從副詞衍變而來的從屬連詞,在英國和美國用法上略有區(qū)別:instantly在美國英語中用得較多,而directly在英國英語中用得較多:
Directly I press the button,the light goes on.
(從屬連詞前置,一般現(xiàn)在時。)我一按按鈕,燈就亮了。
It began to rain instantly the picnic baskets were opened.
(從屬連詞位于句子后部,一般過去時。)
野餐盒一打開,天就開始下雨了。
We shall inform you of the goods instantly it arrives.
(從屬連詞位于句子后部,一般將來時。)
貨物一到,我們就通知你。
Please clean the office immediately you go to work.
(從屬連詞位于句子后部,祈使語氣。)
請你一上班就把辦公室打掃一下。
此外,directly,immediately,instantly除了作時間從屬連詞以外,用得較多的還是作副詞,分別表示“直接地”,“立刻”,“瞬間”。
Please tell us directly and dont go in a round way.
請直截了當?shù)馗嬖V我,不要繞圈子。
She arrived immediately after I left.
我離開之后她接著就到了。
The driver was killed instantly in the traffic accident.
在這次交通事故中,駕駛員當場死亡。
(三)as soon as,the instant(that/when),the minute(that/when),the moment(that/when),the second(that/when),directly,immediately,instantly用法變化新趨向
三、結語
as soon as,the instant(that/when),the minute(that/when),the moment(that/when),the second(that/when),directly,immediately,instantly等8個短語同義,是英語中常用的兩種短語,它們對語法和時態(tài)有一定的要求。就使用頻度來說,這8個短語中,以as soon as最為常用。