建筑設(shè)計(jì)：MVRDV

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

2017年5月20日，首爾市市長樸元淳宣布首爾空中花園“首爾路7017”正式對公眾開放。這座位于首爾市中心的廢棄高架橋被改造成一座生機(jī)勃勃的城市植物園，在市中心提供了一個(gè)最多樣化的韓國本土植物品類展示。改造后的983m長的公共花園走廊聚集了至少50個(gè)不同科目的樹、灌木、花草等，通過645個(gè)不同的盆景展示，收集了約228個(gè)主要品種及亞種。最終，整個(gè)花園將包括共24,000棵植物，其中許多在未來10年還將持續(xù)生長至更高的高度。

這座空中花園的韓國名稱“Seoullo”在韓文中的意思是“面向韓國”和“韓國的街道”，而“7017”源于前高架橋的建成年份1970，以及它將作為空中花園的重生年份2017的結(jié)合。這座緊鄰首爾中央火車站的高架人行橋?qū)⑦M(jìn)一步推動火車站周邊地區(qū)變得更加綠色、友好和富有吸引力，也從更廣闊的范圍將城市綠地連接起來。在市政府和當(dāng)?shù)胤钦M織的協(xié)助下，景觀設(shè)計(jì)和城市顧問團(tuán)隊(duì)決心將最多樣化的植物群體引入復(fù)雜的城市環(huán)境中。新的人行橋和樓梯也將整個(gè)高架橋與周邊的酒店、商店和花園連接起來。

“我們的設(shè)計(jì)將韓國自然遺產(chǎn)的部分精華，以生動的植物百科形式置于城市中心。主要理念是將城市居民與自然緊密聯(lián)系起來，同時(shí)提供一個(gè)觀望首爾火車站和崇禮門的絕佳視野?？罩谢▓@既是一座教育性的植物園，也是孕育各類物種的城市苗圃，未來隨著植物生長繁茂，部分植物遷居可使綠色逐漸延伸到城市其他角落?！盡VRDV聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人維尼·馬斯說，“所有植物被種植于不同大小和高度的盆栽，以不同科目來組織，通過韓文字母排序，形成別具一格的空間形態(tài)?！?/p>

整條空中走廊的設(shè)計(jì)也可看作一系列小型花園的集合，每一座小花園都以其獨(dú)特的形態(tài)、香氣、顏色等加以區(qū)分。花園景觀會隨著季節(jié)而變化：秋季是以楓葉的紅渲染了主色，春季櫻花和杜鵑開始盛放，冬季是常綠針葉樹為主，而夏季則是灌木和果樹枝繁葉茂的時(shí)期?！暗沁@里不僅僅只是一座‘植物圖書館’，也有一系列公共活動的空間。某些地方植物被抬高，下方有商店、畫廊、茶室、劇院、信息中心、維護(hù)設(shè)施、餐廳等等不同功能，高架橋?qū)l(fā)展為一座生機(jī)盎然的空中花園小鎮(zhèn)?！瘪R斯補(bǔ)充道。

這些功能也將直接造福于未來使用者的體驗(yàn)性，通過在花園中創(chuàng)造活躍的公共空間，從文化及商業(yè)的層面與城市活動緊密結(jié)合。一小部分可移動盆栽還可在未來將種子和植物靈活地轉(zhuǎn)移到更大的盆栽。各種樓梯、電梯、人行橋、手扶梯等設(shè)施將空中花園與城市連接起來，由周邊的城市肌理形成彈性關(guān)系。夜幕降臨時(shí)，空中花園將被藍(lán)色的燈光點(diǎn)亮，與周邊的城市燈光形成對比，采用一種更親近自然的燈光色。而有盛大節(jié)日或慶?；顒訒r(shí)，燈光的顏色也可以隨之調(diào)整或改變。□

May 20th 2017, Mayor of Seoul, Won-soon Park officially opened Seoul's new public garden Skygarden, Seoullo 7017. Located in the heart of Seoul, a true plant village has been realised on a former inner city highway in an ever-changing urban area accommodating the biggest variety of Korean plant species and transforming it into a public 983-metre long park gathering 50 families of plants including trees, shrubs and flowers displayed in 645 tree pots, collecting around 228 species and subspecies. In total, the park will include 24,000 plants that are newly planted, many of which will grow to their final heights in the next decade.

Seoullo, the Korean name for Skygarden translates to "towards Seoul" and "Seoul Street",while 7017 marks the overpass' construction year of 1970, and its new function as a public walkway in 2017. The pedestrianised viaduct next to Seoul's main station is the next step towards making the city and especially the central station district, greener, friendlier and more attractive,whilst connecting all patches of green in the wider area. Together with the municipality, local NGO's,landscape teams and city advisers are committed to accommodating the biggest diversity of flora into a strictly urban condition. New bridges and stairs connect the viaduct with hotels, shops and gardens.

"Our design offers a living dictionary of plants which are part of the natural heritage of South Korea and now, existing in the city centre. The idea here is to connect city dwellers with nature, while at the same time also offering the opportunity of experiencing these amazing views to the Historical Seoul Station and Namdaemun Gate. Skygarden is an educational arboretum, a nursery for future species and one that in the future will act as a garden which can extend to other parts of Seoul as the plants grow and are transferred to new homes", says Winy Maas, founding partner of MVRDV. "They are planted in containers of different size and height,and organised in groups of families. The families are ordered according to the Korean alphabet. This leads to surprising spatial compositions".

The linear park was designed as a collection of small gardens, each one with its very own composition, perfume, colour and identity. The landscape will change according to the seasons: the bright colours of leaves in autumn of the Aceraceae family (maples), the blossom of cherry trees and rhododendron in spring, the evergreen conifers trees in winter and shrubs and trees bearing fruit in summer. "But it is not only 'a library of plants',but also a series of pots are set. Here the plants are lifted. Underneath there are shops, galleries, tea houses, a theatre, information centres, maintenance boots and restaurants, thus the viaduct is getting inhabited by a plant village", continues Maas.

These contribute to enhancing the experience of users, boosting the park with activities that engage the city on a cultural and commercial level.Small mobile pots are added for seeds and plants that can be used afterwards in the bigger pots.Multiple stairs, lifts, bridges and escalators connect the city to the new park, rebounding it to the adjacent urban fabric. At night, the Skygarden is illuminated in blue lights in contrast to the bright city lights as the colour is friendly to nature. During festivals and celebrations, different colours can also be changed.□

2 軸測圖/Axonometric

3 夜景/Night view

4 外景/Exterior view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

競賽階段/Competition: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee, WANG Kai, ángel Sánchez Navarro, Jaewoo Lee, Antonio Luca Coco, Matteo Artico and Jaime Domínguez Balgoma

設(shè)計(jì)深化/Design Development: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee,Mafalda Rangel, WANG Kai, Daehee Suk, Daan Zandbergen,Dong Min Lee and Sen Yang

景觀建筑師/Landscape Architect: Ben Kuipers, Delft,Netherlands

合作建筑師/Local Architect: DMP, Seoul, Korea

結(jié)構(gòu)顧問/Structure: Saman Engineering, Seoul, Korea

合作景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Local Landscape Designer: KECC, Seoul,Korea

建筑結(jié)構(gòu)顧問/Architectural Structure: Cross, Seoul, Korea機(jī)電工程/MEP: Samsin, Seoul, Korea

交通工程/Traffic Engineers: Song Hyun R&D, Seoul, Korea燈光設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting Design: Rogier van der Heide and Nanam Ald, Seoul Korea

攝影/Photos: Ossip van Duivenbode

5.6 外景/Exterior views

7 總平面/Master plan

1-孫基禎運(yùn)動公園/Son Kee Chung Sports Park

2-里加公園/Riga Park

3-運(yùn)動花園/Sports Garden

4-瀑布花園/Waterfall Garden

5-綠屋會議中心/Green House Convention Centre

6-首爾火車站廣場花園/Seoul Station Plaza Garden

7-條紋公園/Stripe Garden

8-戶外劇場/Outdoor Theatre

9-Cheongpa口袋公園/Cheongpa Pocket Park

10-國家劇場花園/National Theatre Garden

11-來美安花園/Raemian Garden

12-天主教校園花園/Catholic Campus Garden

13-西小門朝圣花園/Seosomun Pilgrim Garden

14-崇禮門歷史公園/Namdaemun History Park

15-崇禮門生態(tài)拱廊/Namdaemun Eco Arcade

16-會賢口袋公園/Hoehyeon Pocket Parks

17-首爾要塞公園/Seoul Fortress Park

18-城市雕塑花園/Urban Sculpture Garden

19-延世花園洞/Yonsei Garden Void

20-下景螺旋樓梯/Sunken Spiral Stairs

21-首爾廣場平臺/Seoul Square Terrace

22-Huam口袋公園/Huam Pocket Parks

23-條形碼花園/Barcode Garden

24-綠洲花園/Oasis Garden

25-樂天城市農(nóng)場/Lotte Urban Farm

26-生態(tài)購物中心/Eco Shopping Mall

27-世宗大道/Seojong Boulevard

23-25 外景/Exterior views

評論

劉玉龍：首爾路空中花園可以說是紐約高線花園的公路版，所不同的是，其在“連接”上的功能和意義更加明顯，高架橋?qū)⒒疖囌局苓叺幕祀s、不規(guī)則的城市空間在立體上串聯(lián)起來，形成新的城市意象。不過，站在橋上看下去，其周邊的大尺度的消極空間還需要進(jìn)一步的改善；而幾百個(gè)大大小小的花壇則過于單一，橋上的空間的豐富度和多樣性都遜色多了?；蛟S假以時(shí)日，茂盛的植物會彌補(bǔ)缺憾，并形成宜人的休憩空間。馬英：“廢棄物”的再生在現(xiàn)代城市建筑環(huán)境的重構(gòu)過程中似乎越來越得到城市管理部門與專業(yè)人士的共同認(rèn)知，并不斷影響與提升普通大眾的全新城市生活體驗(yàn)?！俺鞘芯G脈”“空中花園”“植物圖書館”等等名詞用在首爾7017項(xiàng)目之中，貼切地反映出該項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)新價(jià)值觀，玲瓏變化的空中綠色廊道給人們提供了完全不同的交通、認(rèn)知、學(xué)習(xí)、交流、體驗(yàn)的過程，蜿蜒的高架橋如同綠藤一樣緊緊紐系著不同功能、不同空間、不同場所的城市公共空間。火車站及其線路作為以往粗魯分割城市環(huán)境肌理的消極分子在這充滿詩情畫意的步行系統(tǒng)中變得如此親民和易達(dá)，不僅極大地加強(qiáng)了首爾站兩側(cè)區(qū)域的步行通過性，同時(shí)最大化地激發(fā)了特殊地區(qū)環(huán)境的吸引力，獨(dú)特的夜景照明設(shè)計(jì)也使得該廊道在夜間展現(xiàn)著持久的城市魅力。

Comments

LIU Yulong: Seoullo Skygarden can be seen as the street version of the High Line Park in New York.The difference is that its functions and meanings of"connection" are more obvious. The viaduct connects the mixed and irregular city space around the train station together three-dimensionally, and creates a new city image. However, looking from the top of the bridge, the huge negative space of the surrounding area needs further improvement; and hundreds of different sized flower beds look too monotonous,making the richness and diversity of the space on bridge duller. Perhaps in time, the fl ourishing plants will make up for the weaknesses and form a pleasant

space for rest. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

MA Ying: The regeneration of the "waste" seems to get more and more common recognitions by both city governance departments and specialists amid the restructuring process of modern urban architectural environment, and constantly influences and upgrades the general public's brand new experience of living in city. Concepts like "city green pulse," "sky garden,""plant library," etc., that are used in the Seoul 7017 project faithfully reflect the innovation-oriented value of the project. The delicate sky green corridor provides people totally different experience of transportation,recognition, learning, communication and process; and the winding overpass connects the urban public space of different functions, different spaces, and different places like a green vine. The railway station and its line,which are regarded as negative components splitting the urban environmental texture rudely, become so amiable and accessible in such a poetic and picturesque walking system. The project not only enhances the pedestrian accessibility of the area on two sides of Seoul Station tremendously, but also stimulates the attractiveness of the environment of the special area.In addition, the unique lighting design at night endows the corridor with enduring city charms.