我國(guó)生產(chǎn)力1正常情況下，“生產(chǎn)力”在英文里的對(duì)應(yīng)詞是productivity；productive forces是馬克思經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的專(zhuān)用詞。考慮到本文談?wù)摰氖且话憬?jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，也許使用常見(jiàn)詞更為可取。發(fā)展水平具有多層次性，回旋余地很大，無(wú)論傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)還是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)還是資金密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，都有發(fā)展的空間，重要的是優(yōu)化資源配置和產(chǎn)業(yè)布局22“產(chǎn)業(yè)布局”在中文里很常見(jiàn)，用來(lái)指產(chǎn)業(yè)在一地區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的空間分布和組合的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象。在英文里其實(shí)沒(méi)有很直接的對(duì)應(yīng)詞。雖然這個(gè)概念最初是引進(jìn)的，可能源于20世紀(jì)初德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Alfred Weber提出的theory of industrial location（工業(yè)區(qū)位理論），但這一概念經(jīng)中文使用者應(yīng)用發(fā)展，已經(jīng)成為中文概念了。該術(shù)語(yǔ)由“產(chǎn)業(yè)”和“布局”兩個(gè)單詞組成。分別來(lái)看，這兩個(gè)單詞譯成industrial和distribution在某些語(yǔ)境里也許未嘗不可。但連在一起就是industrial distribution。這也是許多譯者到處采用的譯法，這當(dāng)然是最不假思索的譯法?？墒莍ndustrial distribution是什么意思呢？對(duì)該術(shù)語(yǔ)最通常的理解是“工業(yè)產(chǎn)品分銷(xiāo)”（moving industrial products from the manufacturer to the end-user）。這與“產(chǎn)業(yè)布局”的含義大相徑庭。為了反映“產(chǎn)業(yè)布局”的真正含義，我們不妨把industrial改為名詞形式，即distribution of industries。當(dāng)然，也許我們也可以說(shuō)spatial distribution of industries或geographical distribution of industries。，解決產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩、核心技術(shù)缺乏、產(chǎn)品附加值低的問(wèn)

China’s productivity growth unfolds on multiple levels, providing plenty of room for further development, and this is true in all industries,whether traditional or emerging, or whether labor-intensive or capitalintensive. What matters is to optimize the allocation of resources and distribution of industries, while addressing such problems as excess production capacity, lack of core technologies, low value added production, duplication of low-end projects, and the tendency toward homogeneity in economic structure among regions. The process of transforming and upgrading of traditional sectors has to be accelerated,and the development of new and hightech industries vigorously encouraged,with more focus on product quality and competitiveness.

[2]More robust guidance is needed at the policy level to encourage business integration and reorganization across sectors and regions, involving different forms of ownership, and to allow market dynamics to determine the fate of businesses. Efforts should be made to promote sound development of emerg-題，解決低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)3對(duì)于“低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)”，一種譯文是low-level and redundant industrial projects，但這里low-level的意思很不明確，low-level可以表示各種不同的意思，例如：（1）situated relatively near or below ground level，如low-level flying was banned（禁止低空飛行）；（2）of or showing a small degree of some measurable quantity，如the disposal and management of low-level radioactive waste（低度輻射廢料的處置和管理）；（3）of relatively little importance, scope, or prominence或basic，如low level officials（低級(jí)別的官員）、lower-level clerks（初級(jí)職員）。那么，用low-level來(lái)描述projects究竟是什么意思呢？可能沒(méi)有人能猜得出來(lái)。中文里說(shuō)“低水平……建設(shè)”是說(shuō)這些建設(shè)項(xiàng)目是低端的，用low-end projects來(lái)表示更加合適一些。和地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨同的問(wèn)題。必須加快改造提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，大力發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

[2]要加強(qiáng)政策引導(dǎo)，鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)跨行業(yè)跨區(qū)域跨所有制兼并44對(duì)于“鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)跨行業(yè)跨區(qū)域跨所有制兼并重組”中的“兼并”，有人將其譯成acquisitions （encourage enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations）。筆者認(rèn)為這里的選詞也極為不恰當(dāng)。acquisitions的直接對(duì)應(yīng)詞是“收購(gòu)”，當(dāng)然，“收購(gòu)”也是一種“兼并”。不過(guò)，“兼并”經(jīng)常指兩個(gè)企業(yè)合二為一（不談?wù)l吃誰(shuí)），而“收購(gòu)”是指一個(gè)企業(yè)接管另一企業(yè)（一個(gè)吃掉另一個(gè)）。“兼并”在多數(shù)情形下的對(duì)應(yīng)詞是merger。在這里用acquisitions不合適，用merger是否合適呢？筆者認(rèn)為，用merger也同樣不合適。這里的主語(yǔ)（即動(dòng)作主體）是“政府”，如果把“鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)……兼并”譯成encourage enterprise acquisitions，那就意味著政府鼓勵(lì)一些企業(yè)去吞并另一些企業(yè)；如果譯成encourage enterprise mergers，那就意味著政府鼓勵(lì)各個(gè)企業(yè)相互合并。這實(shí)在與常理不符。其實(shí)，原文里談的“兼并”不是通常的具體含義，而是從更加抽象、籠統(tǒng)的角度，從決策層面談產(chǎn)業(yè)的兼容和統(tǒng)一。筆者認(rèn)為，這里用integration比較恰當(dāng)。重組，利用市場(chǎng)倒逼機(jī)制促進(jìn)優(yōu)勝劣汰。以擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用5有人把“擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用”譯成expanding their share in the domestic market，這樣譯是不確切的。expanding their market share通常用于同類(lèi)企業(yè)或產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，是指公司擴(kuò)大自己的產(chǎn)品占有市場(chǎng)的份額。而原文的意思是要發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)（如信息技術(shù)、生物技術(shù)等），增加新技術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)的應(yīng)用，譯成expanding their application in the domestic market應(yīng)該確切得多。、重要關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)為重點(diǎn)，推動(dòng)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。 □ing industries of strategic importance,focusing on key technological advances and breakthroughs, and expanding their application in the domestic market. ■