文/唐老雅
本期老雅將以自己撰寫的雅思范文為例,繼續(xù)與各位烤鴨探討如何研習(xí)一篇雅思范文。老雅再次強(qiáng)調(diào)一下,研習(xí)雅思范文絕不僅僅是背誦范文里的所謂精彩詞匯和句子,而是要研習(xí)范文的整體思路以及具體論證過程,這樣才能真正有所收獲。本期給烤鴨展示的是老雅為2017年5月20日雅思考試撰寫的高分范文。
The government should control the amount of violence in films and on television in order to decrease the level of violent crime in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
There seems to be more and more violence in films and on TV these days such as beating, murdering, gun fighting, blood shedding, among others.As I see it, the excessive exposure to these violent scenes will greatly affect the theater-goers and TV viewers, thus increasing thelikelihoodof their committing the same violent crimes in real life, so I would strongly suggest that the amount of violence in films and TV be controlled in order to decrease the crime rate in society.
We all know about human’s naturalinclinationto follow others, especially when it comes to doing harms to other people. This is demonstrated by thegenocideNazis committed against Jews in the Second World War. So the more violence people witness in films and TV, the more likely they will do the same violence to other people. Even if they are made to believe that these violence isfictive(rather than real), the violence viewers may also cultivate a negative kind of attitude toward the world they live in. They may be led to a belief that the world isfar fromsafe and so they should take every possible measure to protect themselves, including killing others. This is actually one of the important reasons why manyfelonieshave been committed. To make things worse, entertainment producers these days tend to present, quite misleadingly, violent acts as an expression of heroism and have them welljustified, giving the viewers, especially those young viewers, a false impression that violence is a cool and always right thing to do.
Too much violence in films and TV, therefore, is harmful to the behaviour and mind of people and can lead to higher crime rate in society. The world would become a much safer place if the government made laws to control the amount of violence in theseentertainment media. (311 words)
1. 本題需要討論的問題是:控制影視中的暴力鏡頭能否有效降低社會(huì)上的犯罪率。關(guān)于這個(gè)話題,考生可以根據(jù)自己的情況做不同的選擇。如果同意,就需要找到2—3個(gè)理由說明為什么控制暴力鏡頭就可以減少犯罪的發(fā)生;如果不同意,就需要說明為什么這兩者并無關(guān)聯(lián),控制暴力鏡頭也許會(huì)帶來其他問題,控制犯罪需要什么其他手段,等等。本范文使用了前一種結(jié)構(gòu),即同意控制暴力鏡頭可以降低暴力犯罪水平,并為此找到了三條理由:(1)從最直接的層面看,影視中的暴力可能教會(huì)傷害其他人的方式;(2)影視中暴力太多,容易讓人覺得這個(gè)世界不安全,于是用極端的方式來保護(hù)自己,從而傷害別人;(3)影視中的暴力經(jīng)常被呈現(xiàn)為英雄行為,這會(huì)讓很多觀眾認(rèn)為暴力是合理合法的。大家可以看到,這三條理由分別是從影視暴力對(duì)人們的三個(gè)不同層次的影響來設(shè)計(jì)的:首先是身體的(教會(huì)我們傷害別人的方法);其次是心理的(讓我們覺得這個(gè)世界不安全);最后是社會(huì)的(讓我們覺得暴力行為是合理合法的英雄行為)。而這三個(gè)影響都指向影視暴力與我們的暴力行為之間有關(guān)聯(lián)。范文第二段的論述從身體的影響開始,接著寫心理的影響,最后寫社會(huì)的影響,就體現(xiàn)出了一個(gè)清晰的邏輯順序。
2. 范文第一段包括兩句話。其中第一句為:There seems to be more and more violence in films and on TV these days such asbeating,murdering,gun fighting,blood shedding, among others. 本句的功能是引入話題,即“現(xiàn)在影視中的暴力越來越多”。值得注意的是,本句使用列舉的辦法將題目中的“暴力”一詞進(jìn)行了具體化,包括毆打、殺人、槍戰(zhàn)、流血等。將題目中的某些關(guān)鍵詞的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行列舉,這是一種常見的重述題目的辦法。再如,在“我們用電腦和手機(jī)交流是否影響我們的面對(duì)面交流能力”這個(gè)題目中,老雅范文的第一句是這樣寫的:We live in a world where communication through modern technology such as smart phone and computer is so prevalent that it’s hard to go anywhere without seeing someonetexting,emailing,writing blogs and tweeting. 其中,發(fā)短信、發(fā)郵件、寫博客、發(fā)推特就是對(duì)“用電腦和手機(jī)來交流”具體方式的列舉。這種方法可以避免過度重復(fù)題目原話,同時(shí)還可以增加文章的內(nèi)容厚度,推薦大家在合適的情況下使用。
3. 再看第二段中三個(gè)要點(diǎn)之間的銜接和安排。前三句論述的是第一個(gè)要點(diǎn):暴力鏡頭會(huì)讓人學(xué)會(huì)傷害其他人,論證順序是:人類都有模仿別人的天性(尤其是傷害別人)→納粹屠殺猶太人(舉例)→暴力鏡頭看得越多,就越有可能對(duì)別人采取暴力行為(小結(jié)論)。接下來三句論述第二個(gè)要點(diǎn):暴力影視會(huì)影響人們對(duì)世界的看法,從而導(dǎo)致他們犯罪,論證順序是:即使他們知道影視中的暴力都是假的,但過多的影視暴力也可能影響人們對(duì)世界的看法→他們會(huì)認(rèn)為這個(gè)世界太危險(xiǎn),因此有必要采取一切辦法來保護(hù)自己,包括殺人→這就是很多重罪被犯下的原因之一。最后一句是個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,論述第三個(gè)要點(diǎn):影視暴力的表現(xiàn)方式讓我們覺得殺人是有理由的,論證順序是:很多影視中的暴力被表現(xiàn)為一種英雄行為,給觀眾一種錯(cuò)誤的印象,即殺人是合理合法的。值得注意的是,本范文沒有使用first、second、finally這樣的連接詞來串聯(lián)這三個(gè)要點(diǎn),而是使用了更為隱蔽的串聯(lián)辦法。比如,在論述第二個(gè)要點(diǎn)時(shí),范文使用的是even if they are made to believe...,表明接下來要轉(zhuǎn)換角度論證一個(gè)新要點(diǎn);論證第三個(gè)要點(diǎn)時(shí),范文使用的是to make things worse...,表明接下來要更進(jìn)一步論證了。
4. 結(jié)論段的第一句話是:Too much violence in films and TV, therefore,is harmful to the behaviour and mind of people and can lead to higher crime rate in society.這里特別提到behavior and mind of people,對(duì)應(yīng)的正好是前文提到的影視暴力對(duì)我們的行為和思想造成的消極影響??偨Y(jié)段一般要對(duì)前文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括總結(jié),不能遺漏任何要點(diǎn),同時(shí)最好避免在文字上與前面重復(fù)過多。本段第二句是:The world would become a much safer place if the government made laws to control the amount of violence in these entertainment media.本句明確自己觀點(diǎn),是一個(gè)虛擬語氣形式,表達(dá)的是一種委婉的建議,但需要注意不要弄錯(cuò)“would...made”的形式。
5. 學(xué)習(xí)本范文一些有用的表達(dá)法。As I see it在我看來(=in my view),likelihood可能性,inclination傾向,genocide大屠殺,fictive虛構(gòu)的,far from一點(diǎn)也不,felony重罪,justify為……辯護(hù),entertainment media娛樂媒體?!?/p>