亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        Accents, Identity, and Stereotype in the film My Fair Lady

        2018-01-28 11:22:48李美
        校園英語(yǔ)·中旬 2018年13期
        關(guān)鍵詞:簡(jiǎn)介外國(guó)語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院

        My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film starred by Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively. Based on the 1912 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw, this film tells the tale of how London phonetics professor Henry Higgins gives cockney flower seller Eliza Doolittle speech lessons in order to pass her off as a duchess, making her a presentable and noble lady in the Embassy Ball of the high society of London.

        It is worth particular noticing that the primal focus of this film is on phonetics and phonology rather than the topics of conversation or how she should act or behave appropriately (Razfar, A., & Rumenapp, J. C. 2013). This is of vital importance as it displays the inextricable connection between accents and identity. As Professor Higgins puts it in his refashioning “guttersnipe” Eliza, I “change her into a different human being by creating a new speech for her”. By equating the “spoken self” with ones social identity, Professor Higgins blatantly directs the audiences attention to the embedded associations (or stereotypes) attached to ones way of speech.

        Being frown upon as uneducated and vulgar manner of speaking, Elizas “Cockney” accent immediately gives away her humble origin and upbringing, thus reinforcing the overall negative attitude to it. As an English variety associated with London East End, Elizas position as a lower working class East Ender is tongue-evident. Set in the Edwardian and Victorian era, Londons East End grows to be associated with poverty and filthiness. So is the speech of East End Londoners. As shown in Professor Higgins words, “Look at her, a prisoner of the gutter / Condemned by every syllable she utters / By right she should be taken out and hung /For the cold-blooded murder of the English tongue.” Cockney is not only stigmatized as “inferior” (the language of prisoners of the gutter) but also “corrupt” (the cold-blooded murder of the English tongue). If this would not suffice to show how Cockney was historically perceived by the London high-brows, in 1909 these attitudes even received an official recognition thanks to the report of The Conference on the Teaching of English in London Elementary School issued by the London County Council, where is stated that “... the Cockney mode of speech, with its unpleasant twang, is a modern corruption without legitimate credentials, and is unworthy of being the speech of any person in the capital city of the Empire”.

        Eliza Doolittle, as a symbol of a whole category of people from the lower strata of society, is keenly aware of the value of ‘proper speech in improving her prospects for employment. In order to secure an assistant job in a florists shop, Eliza willingly accepts and endures speech tutoring, endlessly repeating phrases like “In Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire, hurricanes hardly ever happen” and “The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain”. Though experiencing countless confrontations and conflicts with Professor Higgins, Eliza continues her trial-and-error study as she bears strong practical motives to learn how to speak with a more socially acceptable upper-class accent. On the surface level, this process is Professor Higgins experiment on accent and identity. He intends to use his successful remodeling of Eliza to win the wager with Pickering and further prove his belief in “l(fā)anguaging social identity”, as stated by him in the film “An Englishmans way of speaking absolutely classifies him. The moment he talks he makes some other Englishman despise him”. But if viewed from a different perspective, for Eliza, this is more of an empowering process. Once victimized and inflicted by her socially stigmatized Cockney accent, Eliza decides to empower herself by imitating the socioeconomically and politically powerful tongue as she tries to climb up the social ladder. Ironically, this empowering process is also built on her recognition of the existence of a “proper way of speaking” and its association with higher social status. In this sense, Eliza, for all the time, is a victim who is manipulated by the popular notion of accent and identity. On a second thought, all characters in this film are victims of such stereotypical associations between accents and identity from a purely linguistic perspective. And the main culprits for creating such stereotypes are just no others; each one should claim a share of responsibility.

        However, putting aside the factor of linguistic richness, we can see that language stereotyping, in actual social setting, serves perfectly for the interests and needs of the established groups to dispel “outsiders” and freeze their “social upward mobility” in an seemingly invisible but highly efficient way by marginalizing and stigmatizing their tongue. In Elizas case, coming from Lisson Grove in Paddington, one of the poorest areas of London at the turn of the century, Eliza speaks and behaves in a way that sets her decidedly apart from the upper-class characters of the story. The resulting estrangement between her and Professor Higgins upon the first meeting illustrates what fundamentally divides social classes lies not only in terms of wealth, but in communication. Being able to speak with Received Pronunciation (RP) wins her entry ticket to the circle of upper social class while her Cockney accent only serves as a stumbling block as evidenced by the failure in landing an assistant job and the public shock caused by her lapse of Cockney slang at Ascot Racecourse.

        In this sense, we can see that people with a collective awareness of covert or overt linguistic stereotypes, tend to employ languages and accents not only to communicate but constitute and negotiate each others identities. Just as Miller (2004) explains, “Speaking is itself a critical tool of representation, a way of representing the self and others. It is the means through which identity is constituted, and agency or self-advocacy is made manifest. In other words, we represent and negotiate identity, and construct that of others, through speaking and hearing” (p. 293-4).

        Today, public opinion of Cockney becomes more tolerant and favorable. Class barriers as defined by accent also begin to break down as Cockney-speaking figures receiving more and more recognitions such as actor Michael Caine. Nevertheless, “popular culture has a history of taking advantage of Cockneys implied lack of refinement, and continues to use it today” (Espey, N). From Eliza Doolittles apparent need to be rid of it, to director Guy Ritchies use of it in gangster films, the Cockney accent has carried, and continues to carry, the burden of a gritty connotation.

        References:

        [1]Miller,J.Identity and language use: the politics of speaking esl in schools[J].Aneta Pavlenko,págs,2004:290-315.

        [2]Razfar,A.,&Rumenapp;,J.C.Applying linguistics in the classroom:a sociocultural approach[J].Routledge,2013.

        [3]Espey,N.Cockney Rhyming Slang:An iconic vernacular[OL].http://coventgardenmemories.org.uk/page_id__66.aspx?path=0p29p35p.

        【作者簡(jiǎn)介】李美,西安醫(yī)學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 。

        猜你喜歡
        簡(jiǎn)介外國(guó)語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院
        新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院
        同濟(jì)大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院介紹
        A Study of Blended-teaching Model in Medical English
        An Analysis on Holden’s Anti-hero Imagein The Catcher in the Rye
        Research on Guidance Mechanism of Public Opinion in Colleges and Universities in Micro Era
        Book review on “Educating Elites”
        Hometown
        鄭州外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校
        ?????? ??? ?????―?? ,?? ??? ????
        包頭醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院
        青青草视频在线播放81| 无码熟妇人妻av在线影片最多 | 亚洲妇女av一区二区| 蜜桃视频第一区免费观看| 国产变态av一区二区三区调教 | 国产三级久久久精品麻豆三级| 亚洲一区自拍高清亚洲精品| 一品二品三品中文字幕| 亚洲狠狠婷婷综合久久| 国产成人啪精品视频免费网| aa日韩免费精品视频一| 免费无码又爽又刺激网站直播| 亚洲色大网站www永久网站| 国产精品色内内在线播放| av毛片亚洲高清一区二区| 中文字幕漂亮人妻在线| 国产成人精品无码一区二区老年人| 国产91精品成人不卡在线观看| 亚洲高清一区二区三区视频| 中国亚洲一区二区视频| 日本无码人妻波多野结衣| 99久久99久久久精品久久| 美女福利一区二区三区在线观看| 日产一区日产2区日产| 中文人妻熟妇乱又伦精品| 91精彩视频在线观看| 国产麻豆一区二区三区在线播放| 黑人玩弄极品人妻系列视频| 国产无套中出学生姝| 少妇装睡让我滑了进去| 在线成人tv天堂中文字幕| 成人免费av高清在线| 国产自国产自愉自愉免费24区| 97se亚洲国产综合自在线 | 久久精品国产亚洲av天美| 天天综合天天爱天天做| 国产性生交xxxxx免费| 狠狠躁狠狠躁东京热无码专区| 日本女优在线观看一区二区三区| 日韩一区二区av极品| 精品久久人妻av中文字幕|