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        抓住試題特點(diǎn),巧解任務(wù)閱讀

        2018-01-27 23:20:12康傳桂
        關(guān)鍵詞:原詞表格年輕人

        康傳桂

        對(duì)于我們2018年參加高考的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),了解一些英語(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀題的解題規(guī)律和技巧是非常必要的。其做題的基本思路是:抓住任務(wù)閱讀試題的特點(diǎn),巧妙且靈活掌握解題思路,以課內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)為基礎(chǔ),課外拓展為提高,以自己精心歸納總結(jié)為關(guān)鍵。

        同學(xué)們都知道,高考任務(wù)型閱讀主要是考查我們考生的閱讀理解能力!解答該類題要求我們考生在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)快速領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的主旨大意,快速理解句段細(xì)節(jié)意義和理清上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,要能夠理解文章作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和意圖,同時(shí)不能忽視對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握和領(lǐng)悟。任務(wù)型讀寫的體裁主要是說(shuō)明文和議論文。

        閱讀是由感知、思維、推理、評(píng)價(jià)、判斷、想象和解決問(wèn)題等一系列積極的心理活動(dòng)構(gòu)成的。任務(wù)型閱讀主要依賴于“形式圖式”的能力,而“內(nèi)容圖式”和“語(yǔ)言圖式”起輔助作用。相對(duì)傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解題型,它更注重對(duì)考生在語(yǔ)言輸入的基礎(chǔ)上強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)言輸出能力的考查,要求對(duì)攝取信息進(jìn)行略論、概括、整理、理解并根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行綜合應(yīng)用。只有掌握解題規(guī)律和技巧,才能逐步提高閱讀能力,快速正確地完成指定任務(wù)要求。

        任務(wù)型閱讀的考點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)為:信息篩選題(信息查找)、信息整合題(信息轉(zhuǎn)換)、信息概括題(信息概括與總結(jié))三類。而表格所要填的詞常有以下幾類:文中原詞,文中詞的詞形、詞性、詞義的變化詞,重組信息用文外的詞表述同一意義的詞,以及常見(jiàn)的歸納、概括詞。

        常見(jiàn)的表示概括性的詞匯有:

        定義:definition

        介紹:introduction, presentation

        說(shuō)明:explanation, statement, instruction, direction

        導(dǎo)致:cause, lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about

        表演:act, play, perform, give / put on a performance, play a part / role in, show

        成?。簊uccess, achievement, victory, triumph, failure, defeat

        利弊:advantage, disadvantage

        異同:difference, distinction, the same, similarity, equality

        優(yōu)點(diǎn):advantage, strong point, strength, virtue

        缺點(diǎn):disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback

        利益、好處:good, benefit, interest, profit, gain

        錯(cuò)誤:mistake, error, fault

        質(zhì)量、品質(zhì):quality, amount, number

        數(shù)量:quantity, amount, number

        目的:purpose, aim, goal, objective

        方法:way, means, method, approach, solution, manner

        措施:measure, action

        行為、活動(dòng):action, behavior, conduct, activity

        步驟:step, stage, process, procedure

        頻率、頻度:frequency, rate

        程度:degree, level, extent

        觀點(diǎn)、意見(jiàn):opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint

        想法:idea, thought, thinking

        (無(wú))意識(shí):(un)awareness, (un)consciousness

        原理、原則、規(guī)律:theory, principle, law

        意義:significance, meaning, sense

        價(jià)值:value

        態(tài)度:attitude, manner

        感覺(jué):feeling, emotion, motivation

        同意、正面:agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support

        反對(duì)、反面:disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary, opposition, objection

        要求、需要:demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim

        問(wèn)題:question, problem, issue

        答案:answer, key, solution, result

        反應(yīng):response, reaction

        變化:change

        比較:comparison, contrast

        評(píng)價(jià):feature, character, characteristic

        特點(diǎn):feature, character, characteristic

        種類:kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class

        等級(jí):grade, rank, degree, class

        風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣:custom, manner, practice, habitendprint

        主題、話題:theme, subject, topic

        標(biāo)題:title, headline, heading

        作用、功能:use, usage, function

        關(guān)系、聯(lián)系:relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact

        來(lái)源、歷史:origin, history, source

        事實(shí)、現(xiàn)實(shí):fact, reality, actuality

        規(guī)則、規(guī)定:rule, regulation

        情況、狀況:things, status, situation, condition, case, circumstance, state

        現(xiàn)象:phenomenon

        結(jié)果:result, consequence

        評(píng)述:comment, assessment

        下面我們來(lái)看看任務(wù)型閱讀題的解題步驟和技巧。

        一、略讀

        和做閱讀理解一樣,任務(wù)型閱讀也首先要理解文章大意,這是做題的第一步,也是關(guān)鍵的一步。因此,要快速瀏覽全文,尤其是每段的第一句話,即Topic sentence和首尾段落,理清文章的寫作思路和基本結(jié)構(gòu),以便加深對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的了解。同時(shí),文章的結(jié)構(gòu)往往也是很重要的設(shè)題線索。表格項(xiàng)目可能就是根據(jù)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)而設(shè)計(jì)的。只有讀懂了文章,才能順利地在表格中填出相應(yīng)的信息。

        二、掃讀

        掃讀就是快速閱讀文章后,將文后的圖表等內(nèi)容,理清其顯示的層次聯(lián)系,準(zhǔn)確定位其考查要求。要特別注意表格前的小標(biāo)題,它通常就是段落和表格的主題句。讀懂了表格標(biāo)題有助于理解短文及表格的大意,了解表格結(jié)構(gòu)和題目的設(shè)置。如捕捉信息題可以去文中查讀,其他問(wèn)題則需要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行加工處理。一般題目的結(jié)構(gòu)是:① 全文的標(biāo)題。在標(biāo)題中缺少一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,根據(jù)文章填出所缺的關(guān)鍵詞。② 各段大意。試題中給出各段大意,在給出的信息中缺少一些關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容,考生把文章的各段對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái),找準(zhǔn)信息。③ 對(duì)各段大意的詳細(xì)的闡述。從文章各段或分散在全文的對(duì)應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)出發(fā),這要求學(xué)生有高度駕馭語(yǔ)篇的能力,在文章中找到準(zhǔn)確的信息完成填空。

        三、精讀

        深入理解文章內(nèi)容,精讀與空格中要填的信息有關(guān)的文段,尋找確定答案的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),或從文中進(jìn)行概括,同時(shí)仔細(xì)斟酌用詞,確保填的是最恰當(dāng)詞的最恰當(dāng)形式。如填寫時(shí)要注意所填單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式,看是否與表格中所給的格式相同,同時(shí)注意單詞的拼寫、短語(yǔ)的搭配、所填詞匯的詞性、語(yǔ)法,所填單詞是否符合題目要求,還要注意字母的大小寫。

        四、復(fù)查

        通觀全篇文章,務(wù)必再仔細(xì)核對(duì)文章和任務(wù),確保準(zhǔn)確性。

        請(qǐng)看真題和解析:

        Do you know your uneasy adolescent might be experiencing teen depression? Of course. Teen depression isnt just bad moods and occasional sadness—its a serious problem that affects every aspect of a teenagers normal life. The negative effects can lead to problems, such as smoking, violence and even suicide. But depression can be treated. So if your teens unhappiness lasts for more than two weeks and he or she displays other symptoms of depression, it may be time to seek help from a health doctor.

        There are multiple reasons why a teenager might become unhappy. For example, teens can develop feelings of worthlessness over their school performance. And unsatisfied family life can have a major effect on how a teen feels. Sometimes, teen depression may result from environmental stress. But whatever the cause, when friends or family—or things that the teen usually enjoy—dont help to improve his or her sadness or sense of isolation, theres a good chance that he or she has teen depression.

        There are certain signs when teenagers are suffering from teen depression. Often, kids with teen depression will have a noticeable change in their thinking and behavior. Kids with teen depression may have a change in eating habits. Teenagers are likely to eat too much or not to eat enough for long periods of time, which should not be mistaken for an eating disorder. Parents should distinguish this change from eating disorders.endprint

        Changing in sleeping habits is another indication of adolescent depression. All teenagers love to sleep. However, a sudden change in sleep behavior for no good reason is what parents should be paying attention to.

        A reduction of favorite activities, such as sports or chatting with friends, is another sign that cannot be neglected. If a teenager loves a sport and during the middle of the season suddenly decides to stop, there is a reason to be concerned about this change.

        When teenagers suffer from depression, they easily get annoyed or react badly to negative things. They may become defiant as there is potential depression. The depressed teenagers may get into rude or offensive remarks as well as fighting.

        Making statements of despair is another sign. They have no hope for their studies, their life and their future. This is very serious since it is estimated that every year approximately 10 teenagers from every 100,000 commit suicide.

        How is it treated? Here are methods, including medications and psychotherapy. Family therapy may be helpful if family conflict is contributing to the depression. The depressed teens will also need support from teachers. Occasionally, hospitalization may be required for teenagers with severe depression.

        【解析】

        試題分析:文章介紹了年輕人壓抑的話題,包括年輕人壓抑的起因,現(xiàn)象和如何解決。

        1. 原詞重現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第一段的句子:its a serious problem that affects every aspect of a teenagers normal life. 可知年輕人的壓力會(huì)影響他們過(guò)正常的生活,所以填normal。

        2. 句意理解題。根據(jù)第一段的句子:So if your teens unhappiness lasts for more than two weeks and he or she displays other symptoms of depression, it may be time to seek help from a health doctor.可知壓抑的狀況持續(xù)兩個(gè)星期以上的人就要去咨詢醫(yī)生或看醫(yī)生了,填consult / see。

        3. 原詞重現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第二段的句子: There are multiple reasons why a teenager might become unhappy. 可知這里講的是青少年壓抑的原因,填Causes / Reasons。

        4. 句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段的句子: Teenagers are likely to eat too much or not to eat enough for long periods of time, which should not be mistaken for an eating disorder. 可知年輕人有壓力的話,可能吃的很少或太多,而這里使用詞組tend to往往會(huì),容易做。

        5. 句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段的句子:Parents should distinguish this change from eating disorders. 可知父母應(yīng)該區(qū)分飲食疾病和壓抑的區(qū)別,填difference 。

        6. 句意理解題。根據(jù)第四段的句子:However, a sudden change in sleep behavior for no good reason is what parents should be paying attention to. 可知壓抑的年輕人會(huì)無(wú)緣無(wú)故地失眠, without a good reason.無(wú)緣無(wú)故。

        7. 原詞重現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第六段的句子:When teenagers suffer from depression, they easily get annoyed or react badly to negative things. 可知壓抑的年輕人會(huì)對(duì)事情表現(xiàn)出消極的反應(yīng):negative。

        8. 原詞重現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第六段的句子: The depressed teenagers may get into rude or offensive remarks as well as fighting. 可知壓抑的年輕人會(huì)說(shuō)一些冒犯的話,甚至和別人打架,填 remarks / comments。

        9. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)第七段的句子:They have no hope for their studies, their life and their future. 可知這些年輕人對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)生活未來(lái)都感覺(jué)沒(méi)有希望,這里需要形容詞:hopeless。

        10. 句意理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的句子:Occasionally, hospitalization may be required for teenagers with severe depression. 可知如果病情嚴(yán)重的話必須去醫(yī)院住院。填名詞:requirement / necessity / must。endprint

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