徐霞

從近幾年各省的高考試題，我們不難看出其考點(diǎn)主要分布在動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)基本用法和已混時(shí)態(tài)的比較，以及特定情景和特定句式中時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用，除了掌握時(shí)態(tài)基本概念和表現(xiàn)形式，還要特別強(qiáng)化具體語境中的活用。

時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)及高考

一、一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)比較

一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)束，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)對(duì)過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或過去某一階段持續(xù)的動(dòng)作

— Did you watch the basketball match yesterday？

— Yes， I did， You know， my brother __ in the match .

A. is play B. was playing C. has played D. had played

解讀：根據(jù)yesterday可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，答語“當(dāng)時(shí)我兄弟正在打這場(chǎng)比賽”，選B

二、一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)比較

一般過去時(shí)表過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和明確的時(shí)間狀語連用；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，即過去為因現(xiàn)在為果；而過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)某動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作前就已經(jīng)完成，即“過去的過去”。

1. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ___ each other for years.

A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know

解讀：For years 是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，know是在met前.選C

2. I dont believe youve already finished reading the book — I __ it to you this morning！

A. would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent

解讀：從句中this morning可知用過去時(shí)，表示“我今天早晨才借給你這本書”. 選D

三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；而完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到說話時(shí)停止或仍繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

1. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at a Night School， where she___ English for a year.

A. studies B. studied C .is studying D. has been studying

解讀：study動(dòng)作到目前還在進(jìn)行中，for a year又是完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語，選D

2. — Did you find the missing tourists in the mountains yesterday？

— No， but we ___ to get in touch with them ever since.

A. ha tried B. have been trying C. ha tried D. ha been trying

解讀：答語中“No”和”ever since”可知，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“一直和他們?cè)O(shè)法聯(lián)系”。選B

四、時(shí)態(tài)的特殊運(yùn)用

特殊時(shí)態(tài)和特定句型中的特定時(shí)態(tài)。條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，有時(shí)表示按日程、時(shí)刻定時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用進(jìn)行時(shí)表即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front __ to arrive

A. is expected B .is expecting C. expects D. will be expected

解讀：當(dāng)主句用了一般將來時(shí)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí).選A

2. Look at the timetable. Hurry up！ Flight 6120___ off at 18：20.

A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken

解讀：用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示定時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。選A

3. Id rather you ___ tomorrow than today.

A. come B .are coming C. came D. have come

解讀：would rather后面的從句用一般過去時(shí)，選C

類似的特殊句型還有：It is high /about time that s.b + 過去時(shí)

It is the+序數(shù)詞+time + that s.b + 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

It was the+序數(shù)詞+time + that s.b + 過去完成時(shí)

五、時(shí)態(tài)的綜合運(yùn)用及比較

1.根據(jù)對(duì)話或語境判斷時(shí)態(tài)。這一題目一般不會(huì)直接給出時(shí)間狀語，而要求考生根據(jù)具體語境或說話人意圖來判斷

時(shí)態(tài)。

— Whats that noise？

— oh， I forgot to tell you， The new machine ___

A. was tested B. will be tested

C. is being tested D. has been tested

解讀：從問句可知，指目前正在發(fā)生的事情。選C

— Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend？

— Terry？Never ！ she ___ tents and fresh air！

解讀：此情景指Terry的一貫行為，所以選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。選D

2.根據(jù)句意判斷時(shí)態(tài)。這類題目較難，考生只有理解了句子本身的含義，理清動(dòng)作內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系才能做出正確的判斷。

The telephone___， but by the time I got indoors， it stopped.

A had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung

解讀：從題干可知，描述當(dāng)時(shí)電話一直在響。選Bendprint