【摘要】在雷蒙·阿隆看來，歷史展示的是過去發(fā)生的事情和人們對過去的感覺所構(gòu)成的一種精神聯(lián)系。人們的好奇心，加之歷史意識通過敘述和重建曾經(jīng)存在過和演變的真實的集合體成為了歷史的對象，再將歷史的事件放在整體的大背景下進行思考，就形成歷史意義的多樣性理解。

【關(guān)鍵詞】歷史；好奇心；歷史的意義

【Abstract】In Raymond Aron’s view， history shows a spiritual connection between what happened in the past and how people feel about the past.People’s curiosity， coupled with historical consciousness， becomes the object of history by narrating and reconstructing the real collection that once existed and evolved， and then formate the historical significance of the diversity of understanding through thinking about historical events in the context of the whole.

【Key words】History; Curiosity; the Meaning of History

I. The relevant understanding of history

It is well known that Raymond Aron was deeply influenced by German historicism in his early days， and the German made two distinctions between the word “history”.In fact， the first definition of history is that history is the understanding about the human past.The “human past” here is seen as a whole.Aron believes that the evolutionary process of human society clearly marks the process from a single reproduction and survival to a cultural characteristic.The process of characterizing such a human past clearly does not form a biological entity， but if the “unity” here refers to methods， perspectives， or problems other than objects， we can say that the human past， as a whole， forms a unity that enables us to grasp historical knowledge.

Importantly， Aron believes that the concept of history is not necessarily associated with the whole order， but rather a consciousness of the past and a desire to understand it as a product of history.The word “history” denotes what happened in the past and how people perceive it.The existence of history is to retain， dilute and convey the judgment of the life of one’s ancestors (and other societies)， that is， history is a spiritual connection that constitutes human society.

II. The object of history

Raymond Aron has quoted a clear creed: “objectivity and correctness are absolutely irrelevant.One can conceive of a way of writing history that does not contain a little empirical truth， but it can be considered objective. “

Neither the philosophers who call themselves “idealists” nor the philosophers who call themselves “realists” have solved the object problem of historical knowledge.As for the object of history， in Aron’s study， I think three words can be used to analyze it.

First， historical consciousness.Looking at the meaning of historical consciousness narrowly.There are three special elements: the dialectical consciousness between tradition and freedom， the effort to master historical facts or historical truths， and the sense of necessity in the series of people， in other words， a sense of the other or the indifference created by human and social organizations in the past generation.Europe’s historical consciousness， consists of three elements: freedom in history， scientific transformation of the past， and the essence of evolution which is consistent with the meaning of humanity， is now divided.The differences here include two aspects. One is the science and philosophy reflected in the great division of the industrial society.Another is the understanding of the past and its expansion into the future. Aron believes that Marxism provides a sort of， of course， fictional harmony for the scientific retrospect of history and the expectations of revolution: all the past will lead to revolution， as a result of revolution， the history before revolution is over and mankind will complete an unprecedented adventure.

Secondly， curiosity.As time and space expand， people try to understand all aspects of historical reality， including tools， art， and even human souls.However， these increasingly broad objects will attract the attention of historians， to whom they will never give up the study of all aspects of the past society.Thus， they indefatigably explored possible data and social relations in all the past cases.Aron believes that what historians want to dig into is the prehistory of these phenomena， and our ancestors spent it in habit or indifference.And what we call curiosity here is the exploration and study of things that once existed but do not exist now.

Finally， the truth.History exists， and historical knowledge is never a fiction. It narrates and rebuilds what once existed and evolved. The present day we live in will become history tomorrow， but we are convinced that the world in which we live today is real although it will become a part of history and be described or resurrected by historians in the future.It is worth noting that the truth here does not refer simply to the real individual.

III. The significance of history

Mr. Aron believes that there are two categories of people who hold a positive attitude towards the question of “ whether history is meaningful “. One category is that history can be understood， and this understanding is the same as the understanding of human behavior and work.Of course， the understanding of history is based on the discovery of a common mode of thinking and reaction.The other is the belief that history must be meaningful， They think and understand the historical events under the background of the whole. At this time， the understanding is the extraction of the event itself or its intrinsic meaning， which is simply to admit the diversity， and to think that the meaning of history is also multifaceted.

As for the diversity that man should overcome， Aron believes that it is composed of three parts， namely， the diversity of civilization， the diversity of polity and the diversity of human activities.In order to overcome this diversity， it is necessary to establish a unified society， life order that taking full consideration of individual differences to “plan” a collective， and explore a philosophy that is generally applicable to guide the fate of human beings in turn.So can man finally build a country that is consistent with lasting demands?The answer is uncertain. In Aron’s words， “the answer depends on future events.”Because if a person is determined to have a duty， Society will show a kind of normality rather than social change in turn， and the final history needs only one kind of meaning.

At its root， Aron believes that history has the significance given to it by philosophy.If man is the builder of a memorial building， and is tired of creating unpredictable， lofty forms and images， then history is the “museum of imagination.” Through the exploration of the thought， the philosopher made the history of the time “progressive”， but the progress was very short， not enough to determine the future.

References:

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[2]雷蒙·阿隆.歷史講演錄[M].上海:上海譯文出版社，2016.

[3]雷蒙·阿隆.王養(yǎng)沖，譯.歷史的對象[C].法蘭西大百科全書，1959，20.