Role， refers to the actor in the drama stage according to the script as a particular character. In 1934， the G.H.Mead first used the concept of the role to explain the identity and behavior of individuals on the social stage. At present， most social psychologists believe that the role is the sum of the individual’s identity in a particular social relationship and the behavioral norms and behavior patterns that are defined.(邵瑞珍 《學(xué)與教的心理學(xué)》 華東師范大學(xué)出版社 1996)So， what are the roles of teacher， learner and material in foreign language teaching and learning?

As what Brown (2007， p.13) claims in his book at the very beginning: “Learning a second language is a long and complex undertaking.” Teaching is a spiritual adventure， full of chance and novelty. It is a journey of spiritual exploration，which is done by teacher and learner together， the process is both difficult and exciting.(魏勇 《教師的力量》 中國(guó)人民大學(xué)出版社 2016)The teacher is the most important motivational factor in the classroom. (D?rnyei， 2001)

In the process of foreign language teaching， teacher plays an important role in setting teaching objectives， organizing teaching process， selecting teaching strategies， teaching measurement and evaluation. Just like a chef tries to get out of his way， and finally， to make a delicious， flavorful， delicious dish， to get the attention of the diners and the anticipation of tasting it again， of course， which is the high praise for his efforts。What kind of teaching strategies are used by teachers， just like what kind of cooking methods are used by chefs， teachers as the guide， learners as the center， or individualized teaching? It is organized， implemented and realized all by teachers.

According to Bruner， in the teaching process， learners are a positive exploration， the teachers teach a subject， not to build the small library of a living， but to allow the learners to think， to participate in the process of knowledge acquisition. According to Bruner， starting from the curious， inquisitive and dynamic psychological characteristics of young learners， teachers and teaching materials provide materials for learners to find problems， answer and solve problems by themselves， so that they can become the discoverers of knowledge instead of negative receivers.(顧明遠(yuǎn) 孟繁華 國(guó)際教育新理念 海南出版社 2001) There is an old saying in China that ‘Lead the cattle to the riverside for drinking by itself’， which is why the food must be a color or fragrance that can hook up the eating of the eater. At the first glance， the first smell of the food can create a taste， rather than wait for someone else to “feed” the food.How well learners learn a language ultimately depends more on their own efforts than on the teacher’s. Thus， any attempt to understand effective language teaching must start with an understanding of language learning. Four basic realities of language learning are that a language is a tool for communication， that learning a language involves mastery of both knowledge and skill， that the struggle to learn a language is a battle of the heart as well as of the mind， and that learners differ from each other in ways that have significance for language learning. (Snow， 2007， p. 19)

I used to be upset by listening， and I overheard the advice of the teacher Lai Shixiong， “how to improve hearing， ” and his advice to the second language learner was to start listening to slow English， like the VOA， and， of course， after two months of training and hard work， I could listen to some fast English， and I was able to face the fear of hearing.

The teaching material is like the food on the tip of the tongue， according to the body condition of the eater and his digest absorb ability， it is very important for the cook to set the food material that is delicious and nutritious.For example for the baby， the food material is too hard is not advisable.Therefore， as a teacher， we should cooperate with learners’ experience， and have the ability to properly organize the teaching materials. According to the characteristics of learners’ psychological development， we should choose the material with appropriate difficulty.

To sum up， language teaching and learning are the two sides of the same process， in which the teacher must keep in mind that interest and enthusiasm of learning are the most precious factors that leads to a learner’s self-motivation to to explore and find， to share and enjoy the happiness of harvest.

References:

[1]Brown，H.(2000).Principles of Language Learning and Teaching(4th ed).New York:Addison Wesley Longman，Inc.

[2]D?rnyei，Z.(2002).Teaching and researching motivation.Pearson Education Limited.