李 穎,冀 威,趙含章,陳治蘭,丁明巖,朱 芳*
(1.遼寧省人民醫(yī)院心功能科,遼寧 沈陽(yáng) 110060;2.大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)影像醫(yī)學(xué)與核醫(yī)學(xué)2015級(jí)研究生)
實(shí)時(shí)三維超聲心動(dòng)圖對(duì)慢性血栓栓塞性肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者右心室功能的評(píng)估
李 穎1,冀 威1,趙含章1,陳治蘭2,丁明巖1,朱 芳1*
(1.遼寧省人民醫(yī)院心功能科,遼寧 沈陽(yáng) 110060;2.大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)影像醫(yī)學(xué)與核醫(yī)學(xué)2015級(jí)研究生)
目的:采用實(shí)時(shí)三維超聲心動(dòng)圖(RT-3DE)研究慢性血栓栓塞性肺動(dòng)脈高壓(CTEPH)患者的心功能相關(guān)超聲參數(shù)變化與血漿N末端B型利鈉肽原(NT-proBNP)之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,探討CTEPH對(duì)右心室容積和心功能的影響。方法:選取2014年11月至2016年11月遼寧省人民醫(yī)院首診為CTEPH患者47例作為研究對(duì)象,按血漿NT-proBNP水平分為2組,A組:NT-proBNP<900 pg/ml;B組:NT-proBNP≥900 pg/ml。應(yīng)用RT-3DE檢測(cè)患者的右室舒張末期容積指數(shù)(RVEDVi)、右室收縮末期容積指數(shù)(RVESVi)、右室每搏量指數(shù)(RVSVi)、右室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(RVEF)。分析比較各參數(shù)與NT-proBNP的相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)果:與A組相比較,B組的RVEDVi、RVSVi增加,RVEF減低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);2組間的RVESVi比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。反映CTEPH患者右心室結(jié)構(gòu)、功能的三維參數(shù)RVEDVi、RVESVi與血漿NT-proBNP呈正相關(guān),RVEF與血漿NT-proBNP呈負(fù)相關(guān),而RVSVi與血漿NT-proBNP無(wú)相關(guān)性。結(jié)論:RT-3DE可準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià)CTEPH患者右心功能改變情況,為臨床治療及預(yù)后評(píng)估提供依據(jù)。
實(shí)時(shí)三維超聲心動(dòng)圖;慢性血栓栓塞性肺動(dòng)脈高壓;心室功能
慢性血栓栓塞性肺動(dòng)脈高壓(chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,CTEPH)是以呼吸困難、乏力、活動(dòng)耐力減低為主要表現(xiàn)的一組綜合征,是急性肺栓塞的遠(yuǎn)期并發(fā)癥[1]。CTEPH是肺動(dòng)脈高壓的重要原因,由于在治療策略上與其他肺動(dòng)脈高壓類型不同通常把其劃為第四種類型的肺動(dòng)脈高壓,右心室功能對(duì)CTEPH患者病情的嚴(yán)重程度、生存狀況起決定性作用[2]。近年來(lái),將實(shí)時(shí)三維超聲心動(dòng)圖(real-time three-dimensional echocardiography,RT-3DE)應(yīng)用于對(duì)右心室功能的評(píng)價(jià)得到了一致的認(rèn)可[3-4],有研究證明RT-3DE可作為一種常規(guī)檢查方法對(duì)右心室結(jié)構(gòu)及功能進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)分析,其準(zhǔn)確性和重復(fù)性都很好[5]。本研究采用RT-3DE檢測(cè)CTEPH患者右心室功能,分析探討不同血漿N末端B型利鈉肽原(N-terminal pro-BNP,NT-proBNP)水平的CTEPH患者右心室功能變化特點(diǎn)。
1.1 臨床資料 選取2014年11月至2016年11月遼寧省人民醫(yī)院首診為CTEPH患者47例作為研究對(duì)象。按血漿NT-proBNP水平分為2組,A組患者 21例,NT-proBNP<900 pg/ml;平均年齡(67.48±7.00)歲。B組患者26例,NT-proBNP≥900 pg/ml;平均年齡(66.35±7.04)歲。2組間一般資料的比較見(jiàn)表1。所有患者均符合2015年ESC肺動(dòng)脈高壓指南中肺動(dòng)脈高壓的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2];經(jīng)3個(gè)月以上抗凝治療后的CT肺動(dòng)脈造影證實(shí)存在肺動(dòng)脈血栓;排除左心系統(tǒng)疾病、腎臟疾病、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病及結(jié)締組織病等原因?qū)е碌姆蝿?dòng)脈壓力升高。
表1 A、B組間基線資料的比較s)
表1 A、B組間基線資料的比較s)
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1.2 心功能檢測(cè) 采用Simenos Acuson SC2000型超聲診斷儀(Siemens Medical Solutions USA,Inc.),配有4VCI探頭,所有受試者均連接體表同步心電圖,囑其于呼氣末屏氣留取清晰的心尖四腔心圖像(包括充分顯示的右心室及右心房,完整的右心室心尖部),剔除右心室心內(nèi)膜模糊圖像,啟動(dòng)并留存右室腔的全容積三維圖像以備脫機(jī)分析。
根據(jù)獲得的全容積右心三維圖像,應(yīng)用隨機(jī)配備的右室三維心功能分析軟件RVA(Siemens Medical Solutions USA,Inc.),分別于舒張末期及收縮末期描記右心內(nèi)膜邊緣,獲得右室腔的三維模式圖,并由軟件分析算出右室容積及心功能三維參數(shù):右室舒張末期容積(right ventricular end diastolic volume,RVEDV)、右室收縮末期容積(right ventricular end systolic volume,RVESV)、右室每搏量(right ventricular stroke volume,RVSV)、右室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(right ventricular ejection fraction,RVEF)。用體表面積標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后得到右室舒張末期容積指數(shù)(right ventricular end diastolic volume index,RVEDVi)、右室收縮末期容積指數(shù)(right ventricular end systolic volume index,RVESVi),右室每搏量指數(shù)(right ventricular stroke volume index,RVSVi)。同時(shí),血漿NT-proBNP經(jīng)VIDAS N末端腦鈉素原檢測(cè)試劑盒(酶聯(lián)免疫熒光法)采用VIDASPC機(jī)器檢測(cè)血漿中的NT-proBNP濃度。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 使用SPSS21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,NT-proBNP水平不滿足正態(tài)性所以用Spearman相關(guān)分析其與RVESVi、RVSVi、RVEF、RVEDVi之間相關(guān)性。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 2組間 RVEDVi、RVESVi、RVSVi、RVEF 等值比較 A、B組間RVESVi值比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),RVSVi、RVEDVi、RVEF值組間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
表2 A、B組間心功能參數(shù)差異的比較s)
表2 A、B組間心功能參數(shù)差異的比較s)
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2.2 B組NT-proBNP和RVEDVi、RVESVi、RVSVi、RVEF之間Spearman相關(guān)分析 由相關(guān)分析結(jié)果可知,NT-proBNP 與 RVESVi、RVEDVi呈正相關(guān),NT-proBNP與RVEF呈負(fù)相關(guān),NT-proBNP與RVSVi無(wú)相關(guān)關(guān)系,見(jiàn)表3、圖1-4。
表3 NT-proBNP與心功能參數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果
圖1 RVEDVi與NT-proBNP的相關(guān)關(guān)系散點(diǎn)圖
圖2 RVESVi與NT-proBNP的相關(guān)關(guān)系散點(diǎn)圖
圖3 RVSVi與NT-proBNP的相關(guān)關(guān)系散點(diǎn)圖
圖4 RVEF與NT-proBNP的相關(guān)關(guān)系散點(diǎn)圖
CTEPH患者病情的嚴(yán)重程度、生存狀況取決于右心室功能,合理評(píng)估CTEPH患者右心室大小和右心室功能對(duì)于臨床管理和預(yù)后評(píng)估有重要作用[6]。超聲心動(dòng)圖以其簡(jiǎn)單操作、無(wú)創(chuàng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)成為目前臨床的常規(guī)檢查[7]。RT-3DE作為評(píng)價(jià)右心功能的一種無(wú)創(chuàng)性方法目前已經(jīng)為臨床醫(yī)患接受[8-10]。
NT-proBNP水平是目前被公認(rèn)的可以準(zhǔn)確反映心功能的指標(biāo)[11-12],其水平升高與右心功能不全密切相關(guān),并可用于肺動(dòng)脈高壓的危險(xiǎn)程度分層[2]。研究顯示在肺血栓栓塞患者的遠(yuǎn)期隨訪中,血漿NT-proBNP水平正常,心電圖無(wú)右心室肥大的表現(xiàn)可以基本排除發(fā)展為CTEPH的可能[13]。Nagaya 等[14]的研究證明在肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者中存在右心功能障礙的患者血漿NT-proBNP水平升高。在Jone等[15]的研究中證明NT-proBNP水平升高與三維超聲測(cè)得的RVEF減低有關(guān)。研究顯示,血漿NT-prBNP水平在CTEPH中可以反映右心功能受損的嚴(yán)重程度[16-18]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在不同水平的NT-proBNP中右心室的容積和功能參數(shù)存在顯著差異,且與血漿NT-proBNP水平具有相關(guān)性。研究顯示RVEDVi水平越高右心室受損越明顯,RVEF水平越低右心室功能越差。隨著CTEPH患者病情的發(fā)展,血漿NT-proBNP水平越高,右心室容積逐漸增大,右心室功能進(jìn)一步惡化,RT-3DE技術(shù)可準(zhǔn)確反映右心室結(jié)構(gòu)及功能變化。RT-3DE技術(shù)不依賴幾何學(xué)假設(shè),對(duì)不規(guī)則的右心室結(jié)構(gòu)分析有著明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì),RT-3DE與心臟磁共振在評(píng)估右心室容積上有良好的相關(guān)性。相對(duì)于昂貴且費(fèi)時(shí)的心臟磁共振而言,RT-3DE具有方便、價(jià)格低廉及可同時(shí)評(píng)估右心室整體及節(jié)段功能的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì),在臨床上應(yīng)用較廣泛。但是,在本研究中患者量過(guò)少、血漿NT-proBNP水平并未按照年齡、性別等因素分層,我們有必要擴(kuò)大患者量的同時(shí)結(jié)合其他臨床癥狀、體征、檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果和影像學(xué)檢查等對(duì)其繼續(xù)研究。
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Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension by Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography
LIYing1,JIWei1,ZHAOHanzhang1,CHENZhilan2,DINGMingyan1,ZHUFang1*
(1.Department of Cardiac Function, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110060, China; 2.Dalian Medical University)
Objective:To study the changes of right ventricular function parameters in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH)using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE)and its relationship with N-terminal pro-BNP(NT-proBNP),and to investigate theeffect of CTEPH on right ventricular volume and cardiac function.Methods:A total of 47 patients with CTEPH were selected as subjects.All patients were divided into two groups according to serum NT-proBNP concentration,group A(NT-proBNP<900 pg/ml)and group B(NT-proBNP≥900 pg/ml).The right ventricular end diastolic volume index(RVEDVi),right ventricular end systolic volume index(RVESVi),right ventricular stroke index(RVSVi),and right ventricular ejection fraction(RVEF)were measured using RT-3DE.NT-proBNPwere also measured too.The correlations between parameters and NT-proBNPwere analyzed.Results:Compared with group A,RVEDVi and RVSViincreased in group B(P<0.05),while RVEFdecreased(P<0.05).There were no statistical differences of RVESVi between the two groups(P<0.05).In patients with CTEPH,RVEDVi and RVESVi were positively correlated with the plasma NT-proBNP,and RVEF were negatively correlated with NT-proBNP,while there were no correlation between plasma NT-proBNP and RVSVi.Conclusion:RT-3DE may accurately evaluate right ventricular function in patients with CTEPH and provide the basis for clinical treatment and prognosis.
real-time three-dimensional echocardiography; chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; ventricular function
R543.2
A
1008-2344(2017)05-0385-03
10.16753/j.cnki.1008-2344.2017.05.002
朱芳(1970—),女(漢),主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:心血管超聲.E-mail:zfmoon@126.com
2017-03-20
(吳迪編輯)