孫艷云+郝偉
摘 要:隨著中國城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)進(jìn)程的加快,建筑垃圾的產(chǎn)量將越來越多,再生混凝土的應(yīng)用不僅能夠解決建筑廢棄物日益增多的難題,而且可以節(jié)約大量的砂石資源。為了對(duì)混凝土再生粗骨料質(zhì)量進(jìn)行排序和優(yōu)選,基于信息熵—未確知測度理論構(gòu)建了混凝土再生粗骨料質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)模型。根據(jù)《混凝土用再生骨料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》確定評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系和單指標(biāo)測度函數(shù);利用信息熵理論確定各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,依據(jù)各個(gè)指標(biāo)的樣本實(shí)測結(jié)果計(jì)算單指標(biāo)測度評(píng)價(jià)矩陣和多指標(biāo)測度評(píng)價(jià)向量;按照置信度識(shí)別準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行質(zhì)量等級(jí)評(píng)判并應(yīng)用實(shí)例分析檢驗(yàn)該方法的有效性。結(jié)果表明,信息熵未確知測度理論不僅可以對(duì)單個(gè)樣本進(jìn)行質(zhì)量等級(jí)評(píng)價(jià),還對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果處于同一級(jí)別內(nèi)的樣本質(zhì)量的好壞進(jìn)行排序。
關(guān)鍵詞:粗骨料;未確知測度理論;質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià);信息熵
中圖分類號(hào):TU528
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1674-4764(2017)05-0087-06
Abstract:With the acceleration of Chinas urbanization drive, construction wastes are on the rise. The application of recycled coarse aggregate could reduce the increasing construction wastes and save abundant sand resources. In order to sort and optimize the quality of recycled coarse aggregate, the quality evaluation model of recycled coarse aggregate is established based on the information entropy theory. The evaluation index system and single-index measurement functions are determined on the basis of Recycled Coarse Aggregate for Concrete. The weights of these indices are obtained from the information entropy theory. The evaluation matrix of single-index measurement and multiple-index evaluation vector are calculated according to the field data. The quality grade is assessed with credible recognition criteria. An analysis instance is shown, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed model. The result shows that the information entropy and uncertainty measurement theory can be applied to quality evaluation of single sample and distinguish quality of the same grade.
Keywords:coarse aggregate; uncertainty measurement theory ; quality assessment; information entropy
隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)步伐的加快,產(chǎn)生的建筑垃圾越來越多,然而這些建筑垃圾并沒有得到再利用,大多數(shù)采取填埋或堆放的處理方式,這不僅浪費(fèi)了土地資源,而且影響城市環(huán)境和衛(wèi)生質(zhì)量。從保護(hù)環(huán)境和節(jié)約資源的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā),再生混凝土粗骨料在建筑工程中的應(yīng)用受到人們?cè)絹碓綇V泛的關(guān)注[1-2]。再生混凝土粗骨料是綠色建材,不僅符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求,而且具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景,世界上許多發(fā)達(dá)國家和地區(qū)早已對(duì)利用舊混凝土生產(chǎn)再生混凝土粗骨料進(jìn)行了研究[3-8]。盡管中國對(duì)混凝土再生粗骨料的研究起步較晚,但許多高等院校和科研機(jī)構(gòu)在再生骨料方面做了很多的基礎(chǔ)研究工作,并獲得了大量的科研成果[9-13]。再生混凝土研究的一個(gè)重要方向就是再生混凝土骨料(recycled concrete aggregate, RCA)質(zhì)量等級(jí)的劃分與評(píng)判[14]。如何根據(jù)再生混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件所處環(huán)境與擬建工程類別選擇相應(yīng)等級(jí)的再生粗骨料成為一個(gè)重要的研究課題[15]。GB/T 25177—2010僅給出了微粉含量、泥塊含量、壓碎指標(biāo)、堅(jiān)固性等單指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而沒有對(duì)再生混凝土粗骨料的綜合質(zhì)量進(jìn)行等級(jí)劃分。筆者基于試驗(yàn)得出各單指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,運(yùn)用信息熵確定各單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,利用未確知測度理論建立再生混凝土粗骨料質(zhì)量等級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)模型。
1 信息熵未確知測度理論
3.6 評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果分析
從表3的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),除M1的質(zhì)量等級(jí)為C2級(jí)外,其余4個(gè)樣本的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果相同都為C1級(jí),而在C1級(jí)范圍內(nèi)M2、M3、M4、M5從好到壞的排序?yàn)椋篗3、M4、M2、M5。信息熵未確知測度理論不僅可以對(duì)單個(gè)樣本進(jìn)行質(zhì)量等級(jí)評(píng)價(jià),而且,對(duì)同一等級(jí)范圍內(nèi)的樣本質(zhì)量優(yōu)劣進(jìn)行區(qū)分。
4 結(jié)論
1)對(duì)各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重應(yīng)用信息熵理論賦權(quán),避免了人為主觀因素的影響,使評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果更具有科學(xué)性。
2)信息熵未確知測度理論通過用測度函數(shù)建立單指標(biāo)測度矩陣的方法克服了樣本位于同一評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)范圍內(nèi)時(shí)難以區(qū)分其質(zhì)量優(yōu)劣的問題,使評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果更加準(zhǔn)確。endprint
3)基于信息熵未確知測度理論,并參考中國混凝土用再生骨料標(biāo)準(zhǔn),建立再生混凝土粗骨料質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)模型,對(duì)多個(gè)樣本的質(zhì)量等級(jí)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)和排序,可以在有限的條件下實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)再生混凝土粗骨料的科學(xué)利用,為資源的節(jié)約和合理使用提供了重要依據(jù)。
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(編輯 胡玲)endprint