魏文智 李全義 王秋蓮
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2017.21.005
腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)對腰椎間盤突出癥患者疼痛及腰椎穩(wěn)定性的影響
魏文智 李全義 王秋蓮
目的探討腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)對腰椎間盤突出癥患者疼痛及腰椎穩(wěn)定性的影響。方法選取確診治療的腰椎間盤突出癥患者140例,依據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)表法隨機(jī)分為微創(chuàng)組和傳統(tǒng)組,每組70例。微創(chuàng)組患者給予腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療,傳統(tǒng)組患者給予傳統(tǒng)開放椎板間開窗髓核摘除術(shù)治療,采用日本骨科協(xié)會(huì)(JOA)腰椎評分法評估治療療效,采用視覺模擬評分法(VAS)評估疼痛程度,隨訪6個(gè)月,分析患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、住院時(shí)間、恢復(fù)工作時(shí)間、返崗情況和治療前后腰椎穩(wěn)定性(腰椎Cobb角、腰椎曲度指數(shù)、椎間水平位移和角位移)、治療后3、6個(gè)月的治療療效、治療前、治療后1、3、6個(gè)月的疼痛程度及并發(fā)癥情況。結(jié)果微創(chuàng)組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、住院時(shí)間、恢復(fù)工作時(shí)間明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但2組患者返崗率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);微創(chuàng)組患者治療后腰椎Cobb角、椎間水平位移和角位移明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,腰椎曲度指數(shù)明顯高于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);2組患者治療后3個(gè)月優(yōu)良率和JOA得分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但微創(chuàng)組治療后6個(gè)月優(yōu)良率和JOA得分明顯高于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);微創(chuàng)組患者治療后1、3、6個(gè)月VAS得分明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);微創(chuàng)組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療可有效減少腰椎間盤突出癥患者術(shù)中創(chuàng)傷和促進(jìn)患者術(shù)后恢復(fù),可有效維持患者的腰椎穩(wěn)定性,對患者返崗和近期療效無明顯提升作用,但有利于患者早日恢復(fù)工作、緩解其疼痛癥狀和提高其遠(yuǎn)期療效,且具有更為良好的安全性,值得臨床作進(jìn)一步推廣。
腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù);腰椎間盤突出癥;疼痛;腰椎穩(wěn)定性;療效;并發(fā)癥
腰椎間盤突出癥是臨床上一種常見病和多發(fā)病,退行性改變是其基本因素,可導(dǎo)致腰部疼痛、下肢麻木、疼痛等癥狀,且近年來隨著人們生活、工作等壓力增大,長期過度勞作的反復(fù)外力易對椎間盤產(chǎn)生輕微損害并加重其退變的程度,嚴(yán)重影響患者的身體健康[1]。目前,多數(shù)腰椎間盤突出癥患者可經(jīng)絕對臥床休息、理療和推拿、按摩等非手術(shù)治療緩解或治愈,但仍有10%~20%的患者需接受手術(shù)治療方可緩解,而傳統(tǒng)開放椎板間開窗髓核摘除術(shù)是其治療的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手術(shù)方式,但其創(chuàng)傷性較大,不利于患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)[2]。有研究表明,隨著微創(chuàng)理念和技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)是目前常用的微創(chuàng)手術(shù)方式之一,具有創(chuàng)傷小、操作簡單、并發(fā)癥低等特點(diǎn),已逐漸被應(yīng)用于腰椎疾病的治療中[3]。本研究通過分別給予患者傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)和腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療,探討二者對患者疼痛及腰椎穩(wěn)定性的影響,報(bào)告如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取2013年12月至2016年12月我院確診治療的腰椎間盤突出癥患者140例,依據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)表法隨機(jī)分為微創(chuàng)組和傳統(tǒng)組,每組70例。微創(chuàng)組:年齡23~58歲,病程1~8年,體重指數(shù)(BMI)18.92~30.53 kg/m2。傳統(tǒng)組:年齡22~57歲;病程1~9年、BMI 18.88~30.61 kg/m2。2組患者性別比、BMI、病變間隙部位、病程、年齡、突出類型等資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)我院倫理委員會(huì)審批且通過。見表1。
表1 2組患者一般資料比較 n=70
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.2.1 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)臨床癥狀、病史、血尿常規(guī)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室、X線等檢查證實(shí)為腰椎間盤突出癥[4];②患者或其家屬簽署知情同意書;③股神經(jīng)或坐骨神經(jīng)牽拉試驗(yàn)陽性、影像學(xué)檢查證實(shí)單節(jié)段椎間盤突出,但非急性腰椎外傷、感染、腫瘤、畸形等所致;④無精神病病史或溝通交流障礙。
1.2.2 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①有心、肝、腎等重要器官嚴(yán)重性疾病者;②有腰椎畸形、不穩(wěn)、椎間盤鈣化、廣泛性腰椎管狹窄或多節(jié)段腰椎間盤突出者;③既往曾行腰椎手術(shù)、嚴(yán)重椎間盤炎者;④拒絕或中途退出本次研究者。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 微創(chuàng)組:患者給予腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療,即患者給予常規(guī)檢查、取俯臥位、連續(xù)硬膜外麻醉、消毒、鋪巾、屈髖屈膝腹部微懸空并盡量保證患者處于舒適體位等術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備,完畢后采用克氏針在“C”臂X線機(jī)透視下確定致病靶點(diǎn)以及穿刺治療途徑和穿刺深度,于穿刺靶點(diǎn)在正側(cè)位“C”臂X線機(jī)透視下通過18 號帶導(dǎo)絲穿刺針穿刺節(jié)段,成功后注射0.1%亞甲藍(lán)1 ml 行椎間盤染色、撤出穿刺針留置導(dǎo)絲、于穿刺點(diǎn)位置作一1.0~1.5 cm 縱形切口、沿留置導(dǎo)絲方向置入引導(dǎo)桿(直徑2 mm)直至靶點(diǎn),依次逐層切開各層皮膚、皮下組織,組織鈍性剝離至上一椎板下緣,逐級插入擴(kuò)張?zhí)坠?、工作套管,透視確定套管位置正確后,于末級套管插入Quadrant葉片將其口小底大撐開、安裝光源,自由臂固定、置入德國Joimax生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)椎間孔內(nèi)鏡脊柱系統(tǒng)配套的椎間孔鏡、連接系統(tǒng)和電視屏幕等,在連續(xù)性0.9%氯化鈉溶液沖洗下仔細(xì)辨認(rèn)鏡下病變及其周圍組織位置、大小、解剖結(jié)構(gòu)等,在顯示器監(jiān)測下突出間隙相鄰的椎板及分離、暴露黃韌帶后髓核鉗切斷黃韌帶、部分椎板及骨組織咬除,采用神經(jīng)剝離器仔細(xì)分離神經(jīng)根處粘連、內(nèi)側(cè)拉開神經(jīng)根、暴露椎間盤后通過髓核鉗、射頻消融技術(shù)等清除間隙內(nèi)染色髓核組織、摘除破碎的游離髓核,詢問患側(cè)肢體癥狀、確?;颊呋紓?cè)肢體感覺、運(yùn)動(dòng)正常、直腿抬高試驗(yàn)陰性后沖洗、止血、抽出操作器械、放置引流管、縫合、抗感染等處理,術(shù)后2 d拔除引流管、3 d后佩戴護(hù)腰(持續(xù)4~6周)輔助患者行直腿抬高活動(dòng)和踝泵練習(xí)、7 d后下地活動(dòng)和腰背肌功能鍛煉、3個(gè)月內(nèi)限制彎腰、避免重體力活動(dòng)。
1.3.2 傳統(tǒng)組:患者給予傳統(tǒng)開放椎板間開窗髓核摘除術(shù)治療,即患者術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備同微創(chuàng)組,完畢后在“C”臂X線機(jī)透視下確定病灶位置并依此椎間隙為中心作一5 cm正中切口、依次逐層切開各層皮膚及皮下組織、沿棘突及椎板剝離椎旁肌、剝離筋膜直達(dá)椎板、暴露上、下位小關(guān)節(jié)、椎板減壓后,切除患側(cè)部分椎板及關(guān)節(jié)突、顯露上、下位約1/3的椎板和黃韌帶后咬除、通過髓核鉗、射頻消融技術(shù)等摘除破碎的游離髓核、減壓神經(jīng),確認(rèn)神經(jīng)根徹底減壓(可活動(dòng)2~3 mm)后處理同微創(chuàng)組。
1.4 指標(biāo)觀察和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5-8]所有患者于治療前、治療后3、6個(gè)月采用日本骨科協(xié)會(huì)(JOA)腰椎評分法評估腰椎功能,于治療前、治療后1、3、6個(gè)月采用視覺模擬評分法(VAS)評估疼痛程度,于治療前、治療后6個(gè)月行X線或CT檢查評估腰椎穩(wěn)定性(腰椎Cobb角、腰椎曲度指數(shù)、椎間水平位移和角位移),通過電話、復(fù)診等方式隨訪6個(gè)月,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析所有患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、住院時(shí)間、恢復(fù)工作情況和治療前后腰椎穩(wěn)定性、治療后3、6個(gè)月的治療療效、治療前、治療后1、3、6個(gè)月的疼痛程度及并發(fā)癥情況;其中JOA評分法采用4級評分法(0~3分)進(jìn)行定量劃分,包括腰痛、下肢疼痛及麻木、步行能力、直腿抬高試驗(yàn)(包括腘繩肌)、腰部感覺、腰肌力(MRC分級)等,總得分29分,得分越高表示腰部功能越良好,治療改善指數(shù)=(術(shù)后JOA評分-術(shù)前JOA評分)/(29-術(shù)前JOA評分)×100%,>75%為優(yōu),51%~75%為良,26%~50%為可,<25%為差,治療優(yōu)良率=(優(yōu)+良)/總例數(shù)×100%,經(jīng)專家評價(jià)該量表內(nèi)部一致性的Cronbach’α 信度系數(shù)為0.895,效度系數(shù)為0.843;VAS評分法分值范圍為0~10分,10分為極疼痛,0分為無痛,得分越高表示疼痛越劇烈,經(jīng)專家評價(jià)該量表內(nèi)部一致性的Cronbach’α 信度系數(shù)為0.903,效度系數(shù)為0.848;腰椎Cobb角:采用四線法測量,即分別于L1椎體上終板、L5椎體下終板畫切線,切線垂線的交角為兩椎體間所成的角為Cobb角。腰椎曲度指數(shù):L1后上角和L5腰椎后下角聯(lián)合直線,距離記為D1,L1~4后下角與直線的垂直距離分別記為 d1、d2、d3、d4,腰椎曲度指數(shù)=(d1+d2+d3+d4)/D1×100%。椎間水平位移和角位移:于腰椎動(dòng)力位測量病變間隙與其相鄰椎體的水平位移和角位移,并發(fā)癥包括麻木、馬尾神經(jīng)損傷、椎管內(nèi)血腫、切口感染等。
2.1 2組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、住院時(shí)間、恢復(fù)工作時(shí)間、返崗情況比較 微創(chuàng)組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、住院時(shí)間、恢復(fù)工作時(shí)間明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但2組患者返崗率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
組別手術(shù)時(shí)間(min)術(shù)中出血量(ml)住院時(shí)間(d)恢復(fù)工作時(shí)間(d)返崗[例(%)]傳統(tǒng)組74.12±15.7884.45±11.2412.07±2.54105.53±17.5261(87.14)微創(chuàng)組41.24±10.1832.45±5.227.53±1.8870.45±12.5764(91.43)χ2(t)值14.64935.10612.02013.6110.672P值<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.013.572
2.2 2組患者治療前后腰椎Cobb角、曲度指數(shù)和椎間水平位移、角位移比較 治療前,微創(chuàng)組和傳統(tǒng)組患者腰椎Cobb角、曲度指數(shù)基本相同,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),微創(chuàng)組患者治療后腰椎Cobb角、椎間水平位移和角位移明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,微創(chuàng)組腰椎曲度指數(shù)明顯高于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
組別腰椎Cobb角(°)治療前治療后腰椎曲度指數(shù)(%)治療前治療后椎間水平位移(mm)椎間角位移(mm)傳統(tǒng)組26.73±4.3524.02±3.1415.21±2.0322.72±3.381.44±0.156.74±1.21微創(chuàng)組26.43±4.3119.52±2.8715.51±2.0827.50±3.861.10±0.135.16±1.09t值0.4108.8500.8647.79514.3318.117P值4.714<0.012.965<0.016.125<0.01
2.3 2組患者治療后3、6個(gè)月治療療效和JOA得分比較 治療前,2組JOA得分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.431,P=4.672);治療后3個(gè)月,2組患者優(yōu)良率和JOA得分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但微創(chuàng)組治療后6個(gè)月優(yōu)良率和JOA得分明顯高于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表4。
2.4 2組患者治療前后VAS得分比較 治療前,2組患者VAS得分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),
表4 2組患者治療后3、6個(gè)月治療療效和JOA得分比較 n=70,例
微創(chuàng)組患者治療后1、3、6個(gè)月VAS得分明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表5。
表5 2組患者治療前后VAS得分比較 n=70,分,
2.5 2組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較 微創(chuàng)組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表6。
表6 2組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較 n=70,例
腰椎間盤突出癥是臨床上常見的一種骨科疾病,好發(fā)于腰L4~5、L5~S1,多由椎間盤退行性改變后,在外力作用下使纖維環(huán)破裂引起髓核突出刺激或壓迫神經(jīng)根所致,多數(shù)患者雖可經(jīng)非手術(shù)治療緩解,但仍有較多患者仍需進(jìn)一步手術(shù)治療[9-11]。有研究表明,腰椎間盤突出癥的傳統(tǒng)治療術(shù)式是開放椎板間開窗髓核摘除術(shù),可通過摘除髓核可有效緩解患者的臨床癥狀,但會(huì)對患者造成較大的創(chuàng)傷,會(huì)對腰椎后部結(jié)構(gòu)、正常組織造成較大破壞,不利于患者的術(shù)后恢復(fù)[12-14]。而Adogwa等[15-17]研究表明,腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)是一種新型的內(nèi)窺鏡微創(chuàng)技術(shù),具有創(chuàng)傷小、操作簡單、并發(fā)癥低等特點(diǎn),可通過建立微創(chuàng)工作通道方式來完成手術(shù)摘除操作,可在確保解除神經(jīng)根受壓條件下,有效減少術(shù)中創(chuàng)傷性操作。而腰椎曲度指數(shù)一個(gè)衡量腰椎曲度變直程度的指標(biāo),可有效反映腰椎力學(xué)平衡程度,腰椎Cobb角是以上下彎曲最頂端的兩個(gè)椎體下緣所成角度,可作為衡量脊柱側(cè)彎的角度的一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),椎間水平位移和角位移是指腰椎前后滑移的程度,可反映椎間盤的穩(wěn)定性,故上述指標(biāo)水平可有效反映機(jī)體的腰椎穩(wěn)定性[18-20]。
本研究通過分別給予患者傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)和腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療,發(fā)現(xiàn)微創(chuàng)組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、住院、恢復(fù)工作時(shí)間和治療后腰椎Cobb角、椎間水平位移和角位移及治療后1、3、6個(gè)月的VAS得分明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,前者腰椎曲度指數(shù)明顯高于后者,表明微創(chuàng)術(shù)式可有效減少患者的術(shù)中創(chuàng)傷及可有效維持患者的腰椎穩(wěn)定性,有利于促進(jìn)患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)、早日恢復(fù)工作、緩解其疼痛癥狀;這可能是由于在開放術(shù)式中,其手術(shù)切口大,雖可營造較大的術(shù)區(qū)操作空間來徹底摘除病變組織、髓核等,但同時(shí)術(shù)中對腰椎間隙周圍軟組織、骨、關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)等創(chuàng)傷性操作較多,對患者造成較大的創(chuàng)傷而不利于患者身體恢復(fù),且會(huì)對腰椎后部結(jié)構(gòu)、正常組織造成較大破壞,不僅影響患者腰椎的穩(wěn)定性,術(shù)后還會(huì)局部瘢痕形成刺激神經(jīng)末梢,影響患者腰痛癥狀的緩解。而在本研究微創(chuàng)術(shù)式中,可能是由于其通過穿刺、建立手術(shù)通道方式進(jìn)行手術(shù)操作,有效減少了術(shù)中對患者的創(chuàng)傷性操作,且在其配有獨(dú)特的光源、顯示器監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)等輔助下,可有效清晰的辨認(rèn)出突出髓核與硬膜囊、神經(jīng)根的關(guān)系,尤其在分離粘連神經(jīng)根、擴(kuò)大神經(jīng)根管及側(cè)隱窩、椎間隙探查等方面具有明顯優(yōu)勢,進(jìn)而減少手術(shù)操作對腰椎內(nèi)組織的干擾和損傷,有利于減少對腰椎后部結(jié)構(gòu)的不良影響而保護(hù)腰椎的穩(wěn)定性,且通過射頻消融技術(shù)封閉纖維環(huán)通道,可有效消融炎性組織及局部神經(jīng),有利于減少硬膜外瘢痕術(shù)后遺留少,進(jìn)而避免硬膜纖維化使腰椎不穩(wěn)所引起的疼痛應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。
而本研究中微創(chuàng)組和傳統(tǒng)組患者返崗率和治療后3個(gè)月的優(yōu)良率、JOA得分基本相同,但前者治療后6個(gè)月上述指標(biāo)水平明顯高于后者,表明微創(chuàng)術(shù)式對患者返崗和近期療效無明顯提升作用,但有利于提高患者遠(yuǎn)期療效;這可能是由于微創(chuàng)術(shù)式雖有效減少了術(shù)中對患者的創(chuàng)傷、腰椎后部結(jié)構(gòu)的不良影響,但可能由于患者長期疾病、手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷等不良影響,加之恢復(fù)時(shí)間較低,使患者在短期內(nèi)未能有效恢復(fù)原有的腰椎功能;但隨著時(shí)間的推移,微創(chuàng)術(shù)式由于有效減少了術(shù)中對椎旁組織的損傷和保護(hù)了脊柱后方韌帶復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),為患者恢復(fù)創(chuàng)造了更為良好的條件,進(jìn)而可使患者更好、更快地恢復(fù)原有的腰椎功能,從而使患者可更好地負(fù)荷日常生命活動(dòng)。但本研究微創(chuàng)組中,在6個(gè)月后仍有1例腰椎功能恢復(fù)差、5例恢復(fù)可,表明微創(chuàng)術(shù)式仍未能完全有效改善患者的腰椎功能,提示其存在一定的局限性,分析原因發(fā)現(xiàn),可能是由于該疾病是由腰椎生物力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)平衡紊亂、椎間盤壓力分布不平衡引起代謝平衡失調(diào)所致, 微創(chuàng)術(shù)中雖可清除病變組織和保護(hù)腰椎的穩(wěn)定性,但對恢復(fù)腰椎生物力學(xué)平衡無明顯作用,故術(shù)后應(yīng)結(jié)合患者恢復(fù)情況,盡早積極開展適當(dāng)?shù)难臣」δ苠憻拋泶龠M(jìn)腰椎腫脹部位吸收、增強(qiáng) 肌肉力量等,以促進(jìn)腰椎功能的恢復(fù),從而提升腰椎生物力學(xué)平衡的恢復(fù)。
此外,本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)微創(chuàng)組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,表明微創(chuàng)術(shù)式具有更為良好的安全性;這可能是由于開放術(shù)式中開放性切口暴露、椎旁肌肉剝離、椎板持續(xù)牽拉等創(chuàng)傷性操作,易使椎旁肌肉組織理化及缺血缺氧性損傷,增加患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而在微創(chuàng)術(shù)式中,可能由于其以微創(chuàng)小切口方式逐步擴(kuò)張和建立手術(shù)通道直達(dá)病變間隙,可有效避免開放術(shù)式中創(chuàng)傷性操作對椎旁肌肉組織的持續(xù)強(qiáng)力牽拉、損傷和避免大面積的肌肉剝離,從而有效降低患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),有利于確保手術(shù)的安全性。
綜上所述,腰椎后路鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療可有效減少腰椎間盤突出癥患者的術(shù)中創(chuàng)傷和促進(jìn)患者術(shù)后恢復(fù),及可有效維持患者的腰椎穩(wěn)定性,對患者返崗和近期療效無明顯提升作用,但有利于患者早日恢復(fù)工作、緩解其疼痛癥狀和提高其遠(yuǎn)期療效,且具有更為良好的安全性,值得臨床作進(jìn)一步推廣。
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Effectsoflumbarposteriormicroscopicallyminimallyinvasivesurgeryonthepainandlumbarstabilityinpatientswithlumbarintervertebraldiscprotrusion
WEIWenzhi,LIQuanyi,WANGQiulian.
DepartmentofPainDiseases,ShanxiProvincialPeople’sHospital,Xi’an710000,China
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of lumbar posterior microscopically minimally invasive surgery on the pain and lumbar stability in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.MethodsA total of 140 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion who were treated in our hospital were enrolled in the study. According to random number table, these patients were divided into the minimally invasive group and traditional surgery group,with 70 patients in each group.The patients in minimally invasive group were treated by lumbar posterior microscopically minimally invasive surgery,however,the patients in traditional surgery group were treated by nucleus pulposus excision via open window between lamina of vertebra.The therapeutic effects were evaluated by means of Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) lumbar score,and patient’s pain degree was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS),moreover,all the patients were followed up for 6 months,then the operation duration,intraoperative hemorrhage volume,length of staying in hospital,recovery work time,time of returning to work,lumbar spinal stability before and after treatment (lumbar Cobb angle,lumbar curvature index,intervertebral level displacement and angular displacement),the therapeutic effects on 3,6 months after treatment, pain degree before treatment and on 1,3,6 months after treatment,the incidence rates of complications were observed and compared between two groups.ResultsThe operation duration, intraoperative hemorrhage volume,length of staying in hospital,recovery work time in minimally invasive group were significantly lower than those in traditional surgery group (P<0.05), however,there were no significant differences in return to original position rates between two groups (P>0.05). The lumbar Cobb angle,intervertebral level displacement and angular displacement in minimally invasive group were significantly lower than those in traditional surgery group,and the lumbar curvature indexes in the former were significantly higher than those in the latter (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the excellence rates on 3 months after treatment and JOA scores between minimally invasive group and traditional surgery group (P>0.05),however, the excellence rates on 6 months after treatment and JOA scores in the former were significantly higher than those in the latter (P<0.05).The VAS scores on 1,3,6 months after treatment in minimally invasive group were significantly lower than those in traditional surgery group (P<0.05).The incidence rates ofcomplication in minimally invasive group were significantly lower than those in traditional surgery group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe lumbar posterior microscopically minimally invasive surgery can effectively decrease the intraoperative trauma of patients with lumbar disc prolapse and can promote postoperative recovery,which can effectively maintain the stability of lumbar spine,however, which has no obvious effects on return to original position rate of patients and on short-term curative effects,but which can alleviate the symptoms of pain and can effectively improve long-term curative effects,with better safety, therefor, which is worth using widely in clinical practice.
lumbar posterior microscopically minimally invasive surgery;lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion;pain;lumbar spinal stability;curative effects; complications
R 681.533.1
A
1002-7386(2017)21-3221-05
2017-05-28)
710000 西安市,陜西省人民醫(yī)院疼痛科
王秋蓮,710000 西安市,陜西省人民醫(yī)院疼痛科;
E-mail:2821430553@qq.com