吳金東 高志斌 江曉暉 朱漢達(dá)
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ERAS外科理念在腹腔鏡輔助遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)中的臨床應(yīng)用研究
吳金東 高志斌 江曉暉 朱漢達(dá)
目的 研究ERAS(enhanced recovery after surgery)外科理念在腹腔鏡輔助下行遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)中的臨床實(shí)用性。方法 抽取100例胃癌患者作為此次研究對(duì)象。將100例病患隨機(jī)分為4組,分別為常規(guī)組(行傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù))、ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組(采用ERAS處理方法行傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù))、腹腔鏡組(行腹腔鏡手術(shù))、ERAS+腹腔鏡組(采用ERAS外科處理方法行腹腔鏡手術(shù)),術(shù)前分別記錄患者的一般情況(性別、體重、年齡)、術(shù)前1天(D0)ALB(血清白蛋白)水平,術(shù)后分別記錄手術(shù)指標(biāo)、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況,檢測術(shù)后第4天(D4)、第7天(D7)的ALB水平。比較4組病患的ALB水平、并發(fā)癥等情況。結(jié)果 ①術(shù)前ALB水平為ERAS+腹腔鏡組組高于另外3組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后ERAS+腹腔鏡組的ALB水平均比另外3組高,但ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組、腹腔鏡組ALB水平差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。D0~D4,ERAS+腹腔鏡組低于另外3組(P<0.05)。術(shù)后第4天、第7天腹腔鏡組病患的ALB水平明顯低于ERAS+腹腔鏡組(P<0.05);除常規(guī)組外的其他3組ALB水平明顯高于常規(guī)組(P<0.05)。②常規(guī)組、ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組不僅切口長度較腹腔鏡組、ERAS+腹腔鏡組長,而且術(shù)中出血量明顯高于腹腔鏡組、ERAS+腹腔鏡組。住院時(shí)間:常規(guī)組較其他3組時(shí)間長。③術(shù)后4組病患并發(fā)癥情況無明顯差異,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 胃癌根治術(shù)采用ERAS外科理念行腹腔鏡手術(shù)是安全可行的。
ERAS;腹腔鏡技術(shù);血清白蛋白;胃癌
(ThePracticalJournalofCancer,2017,32:421~424)
ERAS外科理念在此外科領(lǐng)域取得了巨大的成功[1]。ERAS外科理念包含術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備,獲得病患以及家屬的配合,減輕病患的心理負(fù)擔(dān)以及生理疼痛;術(shù)中操作,采用系列經(jīng)驗(yàn)證并且有效的技術(shù)及措施[2],例如外科微創(chuàng)技術(shù)等;術(shù)后治療、護(hù)理、采用早期進(jìn)食促進(jìn)腸蠕動(dòng)等行之有效的方法[3]。作為外科微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的代表,腹腔鏡技術(shù)的優(yōu)越性得到了全世界的矚目,其技術(shù)切口小、出血量少、并發(fā)癥情況少。最近幾年,在胃癌根治手術(shù)中采用ERAS外科理念下行腹腔鏡技術(shù)已逐漸被接受并應(yīng)用。本文旨在對(duì)比ERAS外科理念聯(lián)合腹腔鏡技術(shù)與開腹手術(shù)、腹腔鏡技術(shù)、ERAS+開腹手術(shù)在術(shù)前、術(shù)中以及術(shù)后的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo),為臨床治療提供可行性以及安全性實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及數(shù)據(jù)。
1.1 一般資料
自2014年1月至2015年12月在南通市腫瘤醫(yī)院確診并接受治療的患者中,抽取100例患者作為此次研究對(duì)象。將100例患者隨機(jī)分為4組,分別為常規(guī)組(n=25),采用開腹手術(shù);ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組(n=25),采用ERAS處理方法行開腹手術(shù);腹腔鏡組(n=25),行腹腔鏡手術(shù);ERAS+腹腔鏡組(n=25),采用ERAS外科處理方法行腹腔鏡手術(shù)。基本資料見表1。
表1 患者一般資料
1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
選擇患者標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡20~70歲,性別不限;排除資料不全患者;排除患者急重癥;獲得患者以及家屬的同意。
1.3 處理方法
將患者分為4組,分別為常規(guī)組、ERAS+開腹手術(shù)、腹腔鏡組、ERAS+腹腔鏡組。對(duì)照采用常規(guī)組,行開腹手術(shù);ERAS+開腹手術(shù),采用ERAS處理方法行開腹手術(shù);腹腔鏡組,行腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療。分別記錄4組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后的ALB水平(D0、D0~D4、D4、D7)、手術(shù)指標(biāo)、住院時(shí)間、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況等。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
所有統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用SPSS20.0軟件處理,對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)處理分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 對(duì)比4組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后的ALB水平變化
手術(shù)前ERAS+腹腔鏡組的ALB水平高于另外其他3組。術(shù)后D0~D4 ERAS+腹腔鏡組與ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組無明顯差異,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),且均低于常規(guī)組;術(shù)后D4、D7 ERAS+腹腔鏡組的ALB水平明顯高于另外3組,常規(guī)組比其他另外3組ALB水平低。見表2。
2.2 對(duì)比4組手術(shù)指標(biāo)與住院時(shí)間
常規(guī)組、ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組較腹腔鏡組、ERAS+腹腔鏡組手術(shù)切口長,且出血量高;常規(guī)組與ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組相比,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;腹腔鏡組與ERAS+腹腔鏡組相比,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。術(shù)后ERAS+腹腔鏡組住院時(shí)間較另外3組短。見表3。
表2 4組患者血清白蛋白水平變化
注:a為ERAS+腹腔鏡組 VS 腹腔鏡組,b為ERAS+腹腔鏡組 VS ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組,c為ERAS+腹腔鏡組VS常規(guī)組,d腹腔鏡組 VS ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組,e為腹腔鏡組 VS 常規(guī)組,f為ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組VS常規(guī)組。
表3 患者手術(shù)指標(biāo)與住院時(shí)間
2.3 對(duì)比4組手術(shù)術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況
4組患者的并發(fā)癥情況發(fā)生率分別為20%(5/25)、24%(6/25)、28%(7/25)、16%(4/25),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。常規(guī)組、ERAS+開腹手術(shù)、腹腔鏡組、ERAS+腹腔鏡組均有嘔吐、腹脹等不良癥狀,但均在胃管被拔出后轉(zhuǎn)好。常規(guī)組、腹腔鏡組在使用止血藥物后轉(zhuǎn)好。常規(guī)組、ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組、腹腔鏡組有肺部感染患者,在施與抗感染治療后轉(zhuǎn)好。ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組、ERAS+腹腔鏡組經(jīng)腹部B超引導(dǎo)穿刺引流轉(zhuǎn)好。術(shù)后4組患者并發(fā)癥情況差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。并發(fā)癥情況對(duì)比見表4。
表4 4組并發(fā)癥情況/例
問世十幾年的ERAS外科理念是針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)處理措施的更新,而非技術(shù)革新,ERAS外科理念著重于降低病患的心理負(fù)擔(dān)以及生理疼痛,從而加速病患的康復(fù)。由于ERAS處理措施與傳統(tǒng)處理措施存在差異,使其可行性與安全性均遭遇到質(zhì)疑,從而限制了其應(yīng)用[4]。但是由于ERAS外科理念的臨床效果良好,而逐漸取得了認(rèn)同,并被不斷的推廣,至今應(yīng)用面已涉及到多個(gè)臨床領(lǐng)域,并且取得了巨大的成功。
由系列已被證實(shí)有效的措施聯(lián)合在一起協(xié)同作用而形成的ERAS外科理念,包含術(shù)前、術(shù)中、術(shù)后的營養(yǎng)支持、注重氧氣供給、早期進(jìn)食、微創(chuàng)手術(shù)等[5-7]。術(shù)前對(duì)病患進(jìn)行教育,減輕病患的心理以及生理壓力;術(shù)中選擇效果更好的麻醉處理方法,例如全麻醉時(shí)選用見效快、效用時(shí)間短的麻醉劑等,減少不適反應(yīng)。術(shù)后早期下床、早期進(jìn)食等。腹腔鏡手術(shù)指標(biāo)的優(yōu)越性有目共睹,就術(shù)中切口長度及出血量而言,其優(yōu)于開腹手術(shù),并且可多角度觀察,效果直觀,病患術(shù)后的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況都有減少,使病患更加快速的康復(fù)[8-13]。因此本文重點(diǎn)關(guān)注ERAS外科理念聯(lián)合腹腔鏡手術(shù)對(duì)胃癌根治術(shù)的治療會(huì)產(chǎn)生多大的益處。
相比于傳統(tǒng)開服手術(shù),腹腔鏡手術(shù)在術(shù)中切口長度、出血量方面都有其優(yōu)越性,并且在并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況與生存幾率上并無差別,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而且高于傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)。Kehlet經(jīng)總結(jié)分析,得出腹腔鏡技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)相比較,并發(fā)癥情況明顯減輕。本研究中ERAS+腹腔鏡組的ALB水平高于另外其他3組。術(shù)后D0~D4 ERAS+腹腔鏡組與ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),且均低于常規(guī)組;術(shù)后D4、D7的ALB水平為常規(guī)組比另外其他3組低,而ERAS+腹腔鏡組則遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于另外3組。常規(guī)組、ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組不僅切口長度較腹腔鏡組、ERAS+腹腔鏡組長,而且術(shù)中出血量明顯高于腹腔鏡組、ERAS+腹腔鏡組;腹腔鏡組、ERAS+腹腔鏡組組手術(shù)時(shí)間長于常規(guī)組、ERAS+開腹手術(shù)組;住院時(shí)間:常規(guī)組比另外3組時(shí)間長。且在臨床與手術(shù)指標(biāo)方面行開腹手術(shù)組均劣于腹腔鏡組。
在ERAS外科的實(shí)施過程中要根據(jù)個(gè)體差異適當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)整方案[14-17],不能忽略個(gè)體化差異、限定在某一特定的流程,從而增加術(shù)后發(fā)生并發(fā)癥的概率[18-19]。同時(shí)不能為了追求提前出院而增加返院率。綜上所述,胃癌根治術(shù)中行腹腔鏡術(shù),同時(shí)采用ERAS外科理念在臨床應(yīng)用中是可行并且安全的。
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(編輯:甘 艷)
Application of ERAS Unite with Laparoscopic Surgery-assisted Distal Gastrostomy for Stomach Cancer
WU Jindong,GAO Zhibin,JIANG Xiaohui,et al.
Nantong Tumor Hospital,Nantong,226361
Objective To study the clinical usefulness of ERAS surgical laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrostomy for stomach cancer.Methods 100 cases of stomach cancer were randomly divided into 4 groups,conventional group (row traditional open surgery),ERAS + open surgery group (treatment using ERAS row traditional open surgery),laparoscopic group (laparoscopic surgery),ERAS + laparoscopic group (ERAS surgical treatment using laparoscopic surgery),were recorded in general patients (sex,weight,age),1 day before surgery (D0) ALB (serum albumin) levels before and after operation surgery indicators were recorded,case of complications,detect postoperative day 4 (D4),on day 7 (D7) of the ALB level.ALB level among 4 groups of patients,complications,etc.Results ① Preoperative ALB level of ERAS + laparoscopic group was higher than the other 3 groups,ERAS + open surgery group,the laparoscopic group ALB levels continue to remain at a relatively high and stable level,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05);postoperative ALB levels of ERAS + laparoscopic group was higher than the other 3 groups,ERAS + open surgery group,the laparoscopic group ALB levels continue to remain at a relatively high and stable level,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); D0 to D4,ERAS + laparoscopic group were lower than the other 3 groups,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).And postoperative day 4,day 7,ALB level of laparoscopic group was significantly lower than ERAS + laparoscopic group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);ALB level of the other 3 groups were significantly higher than the conventional group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).② Length of the incision of the conventional group,ERAS + open surgery group was longer than laparoscopic group,ERAS + laparoscopic group,and blood loss of the conventional group,ERAS + open surgery group was significantly higher than laparoscopic group,ERAS + laparoscopic group.Length of stay of the conventional group was longer than the other 3 groups.③ postoperative complications of the 4 groups had no significant difference,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion Gastrectomy using ERAS laparoscopy surgical concept is safe and feasible.
ERAS;Laparoscopy;ALB;Gastric cancer
226361 江蘇省南通市腫瘤醫(yī)院
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2017.03.022
R735.2
A
1001-5930(2017)03-0421-04
2016-05-06
2016-09-26)