周銅林 譚瑞 張瑜
【摘 要】利用指示扭矩能夠?qū)Πl(fā)動機實施在線控制,進行故障診斷。首先,建立發(fā)動機非線性曲軸動力學(xué)模型;其次,將曲軸角度和瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速作為控制器輸入并進行微分運算;最后,利用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對控制器參數(shù)進行在線自適應(yīng)設(shè)計。仿真結(jié)果表明,在穩(wěn)態(tài)工況下,設(shè)計的控制器對多缸發(fā)動機的指示扭矩能夠精確地進行估計,其對參數(shù)擾動具有較好的魯棒性,可以用于發(fā)動機的失火檢測和故障診斷。
【關(guān)鍵詞】滑模觀測器;BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò);發(fā)動機;指示扭矩
【Abstract】Indicated torque can be used to control of automotive engine on-line and fault diagnosis.Firstly,establish the non-linear crankshaft dynamic model;secondly,input the crankshaft angle and instantaneous engine speed to the controller and implementation differential operation;finally, take advantage of the BP neural network to design the self-adaption parameters of controller.Estimation results demonstrate that the controller can estimation the indicated torque of multi cylinder engine precisely,which presents the strongly robustness for parameters variation,and is a suitable way for misfire detection and fault diagnosis in the future.
【Key words】Sliding mode observer;BP neural network;Engine;Indicated torque
0 引言
指示扭矩作為表征發(fā)動機動力性能的一項重要參數(shù),及時可靠的獲取指示扭矩不僅可以正確地評價發(fā)動機工作性能,實時的監(jiān)測故障發(fā)生[1]。在轉(zhuǎn)速和負載變化的情況下,可以有效提高汽車的燃油經(jīng)濟性、駕駛舒適性和汽車安全性。
目前,指示扭矩的估計方法主要有三種:一是,基于速度波動的方法[2];二是,基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法[3];三是,基于觀測器的方法[4]。
隨著滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)控制技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,滑模理論常被用來設(shè)計觀測器估計指示扭矩[5]。其中,負載扭矩的獲取是一個難點[6]。本文通過引入汽車動力學(xué)方程,解決了這個問題。為了進一步提高指示扭矩的估計精度,針對系統(tǒng)中存在的不確定性和時變擾動,設(shè)計雙積分滑模觀測器對指示扭矩進行估計。
1 非線性曲軸動力學(xué)模型
3 控制器參數(shù)自適應(yīng)設(shè)計
智能雙積分滑??刂葡鄬鹘y(tǒng)的滑??刂?,由于具有Ⅰ控制特性,所以,在穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差調(diào)節(jié)方面效果更好。本文利用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對參數(shù)k1,k2,k3進行了在線自適應(yīng)設(shè)計。
4 仿真結(jié)果分析
4.1 仿真實驗
利用LMS Imagine.Lab Amesim14平臺建立發(fā)動機多缸模型,并通過Matlab/Simulink建立控制器。發(fā)動機的參數(shù)配置如表1所示:
5 結(jié)論
針對系統(tǒng)中存在的擾動問題,設(shè)計了基于非線性曲軸動力學(xué)模型的雙積分滑??刂破?,將扭矩估計問題轉(zhuǎn)換為轉(zhuǎn)速誤差跟蹤控制問題。通過Lyapunov穩(wěn)定性理論和BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計自適應(yīng)控制器增益參數(shù),實現(xiàn)了指示扭矩的精確估計。該方法具有精度高、魯棒性好和成本低等特點,且避免了利用扭矩傳感器對負載扭矩的測量。仿真結(jié)果表明,在穩(wěn)態(tài)工況下,該方法能夠較精確地估計多缸發(fā)動機指示扭矩,可用于發(fā)動機故障診斷。
【參考文獻】
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[責(zé)任編輯:田吉捷]