⊙ By Victor Hugo
翻譯:李丹、方于
LES MISéRABLES
悲慘世界
⊙ By Victor Hugo
翻譯:李丹、方于
法國大文豪維克多·雨果(1802—1885)是舉世公認(rèn)的19世紀(jì)浪漫主義文學(xué)領(lǐng)袖,以一部《巴黎圣母院》奠定了他在法國文學(xué)史上的大師地位;不過,雨果在60歲那年出版的《悲慘世界》,可不能簡單地歸類為浪漫主義作品——正是從這部小說開始,親身經(jīng)歷過法國大革命以來各種風(fēng)云變幻的雨果,心境早已與以前大不相同,在創(chuàng)作上逐漸表現(xiàn)出更為強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義風(fēng)格。
《悲慘世界》的靈感來源于一件發(fā)生在1801年的真人真事:一個(gè)窮苦農(nóng)民因?yàn)轲囸I而偷了一塊面包,結(jié)果被判五年勞役,出獄后的生活處處碰壁。雨果由此決定寫一個(gè)棄惡從善的故事,這就是一部鴻篇巨制的開始。為了創(chuàng)作這部小說,雨果多年來收集各種相關(guān)資料,結(jié)合自己的見聞感受,醞釀了二十年,擱置了十二年,最后在其政治流亡期間完成此書??梢哉f,無論是主人公冉阿讓的磨難掙扎、女工芳汀的悲慘遭遇,還是馬呂斯的革命熱情、珂賽特的純真善良,在小說中出場的每一個(gè)人物都有其現(xiàn)實(shí)原型。在轟隆的革命炮火中,政治浪潮此起彼伏,社會(huì)在磨難中走向正途……即便是生活在今天的我們,依然能夠從書中真切感受到19世紀(jì)前期的法國風(fēng)貌。
本期節(jié)選出自這部小說的第一個(gè)英文譯本(Charles E. Wilbour版),整個(gè)故事要從冉阿讓的恩人——米里哀先生說起……
In 1815,1)M.Charles Franois-Bienvenu Myriel was2)BishopofD——注. He was a man of seventy-five, and had occupied the bishopric of D—— since 1806.
Although it in no manner concerns, even in the remotest degree, what we have to relate, it may not be useless, were it only for the sake of exactness in all things, to notice here the reports and gossip which had arisen on his account from the time of his arrival in the3)diocese.
Be it true or false, what is said about men often has as much influence upon their lives, and especially upon their4)destinies, as what they do.
In 1804, M. Myriel was5)curéof B——(Brignolles). He was then an old man, and lived in the deepest6)seclusion.
Near the time of the7)coronation, a8)triflingmatter of business belonging to his curacy—what it was is not now known9)precisely—took him to Paris.
Among other10)personagesof authority he went to11)CardinalFesch on behalf of his12)parishioners.
One day, when the emperor had come to visit his uncle, the worthy curé, who was waiting in the13)ante-room, happened to be on the way of His14)Majesty. Napoleon noticing that the old man looked at him with a certain curiousness, turned around and said15)brusquely:
“Who is this goodman who looks at me?”
“16)Sire,” said M. Myriel, “you17)beholda good man, and I a great man. Each of us may profit by it.”
1) M. 法語Monsieur(先生)的縮寫
2) bishop [?b???p] n. 主教,下文的bishopric(主教轄區(qū))為相關(guān)詞。
3) diocese [?da??si?s] n. 主教管區(qū)
4) destiny [?dest?n?] n. 命運(yùn),天命,定數(shù)
5) curé [kj???re?] n. 〈法〉本堂神甫,堂區(qū)牧師,下文的curacy(堂區(qū)牧師職務(wù))為相關(guān)詞。
6) seclusion [s??klu??(?)n] n. 隱居
7) coronation [?k?r??ne??(?)n] n. 加冕,加冕禮
8) trifing [?tra?fl??] adj. 無關(guān)緊要的,微不足道的
9) precisely [pr??sa?sl?] adv. 準(zhǔn)確地,明確地
10) personage [?pз?s?n?d?] n. 名流,顯貴,要人
11) cardinal [?kɑ?d?n(?)l] n. 紅衣主教,樞機(jī)主教
12) parishioner [p??r???n?(r)] n. 教區(qū)居民
13) ante-room [??nt?r?m] n. (連接正廳的)前廳,候見室
14) majesty [?m?d??st?] n. 陛下(需大寫,前面與His、Her或Your連用)
15) brusquely [?br?skl?] adv. 唐突地,突然地
16) sire [?sa??(r)] n. 陛下,閣下
17) behold [b??h??ld] v. 目睹,看見
注: 此處指Digne,即今天的迪涅萊班(Digne-les-Bains),是一個(gè)位于法國南部的重要城市。
That evening the emperor asked the cardinal the name of the curé and some time afterwards M. Myriel was18)overwhelmedwith surprise on learning that he had been appointed Bishop of D——.
Beyond this, no one knew how much truth there was in the stories which passed current concerning the first19)portionof M. Myriel’s life. But few families had known the Myriels before the revolution.
M. Myriel had to20)submit tothe fate of every newcomer in a small town, where there are many tongues to talk, and but few heads to think. He had to submit, although he was bishop, and because he was bishop. But after all, the gossip with which his name was connected was only gossip: noise, talk, words, less than words—palabres, as they say in the21)forciblelanguage of the South.
Be that as it may, after nine years of22)episcopacy, and of23)residencein D——, all these stories, topics of talk, which24)engrossat first25)pettytowns and petty people, were entirely forgotten. Nobody would have26)daredto speak of or even to remember them.
18) overwhelm [???v??welm] v. 使不知所措
19) portion [?p???(?)n] n. 部分,一份
20) submit to (使)接受,(使)受到,(使)忍受
21) forcible [?f??s?b(?)l] adj. 強(qiáng)有力的,強(qiáng)暴的
22) episcopacy [??p?sk?p?s?] n. 主教制度,主教職位
23) residence [?rez?d?ns] n. 居住
24) engross [?n?ɡr??s] v. 吸引(注意)
25) petty [?pet?] adj. 小的,偏狹的,地位低下的
26) dare [de?] v. 敢,竟敢,膽敢
You behold a good man, and I a great man.
主教的這句巧妙答話只有十個(gè)單詞,看上去非常簡單,卻包含了三個(gè)值得大家仔細(xì)品讀的亮點(diǎn):①針對拿破侖的突然發(fā)問,主教將對方問話中的goodman(先生,古語用法)“曲解”成good man(好人),從而引出great man(偉人),成了一句非常得體的奉承話;②在結(jié)構(gòu)相同的并列句中,后一分句可以省略與前一分句重復(fù)的內(nèi)容,此處I a great man省略了謂語動(dòng)詞behold;③我們在日常生活中要表達(dá)“看”,一般根據(jù)具體意思采用look或者see,其實(shí)behold也有“看”的意思——它是一個(gè)比較正式的書面語,比look或者see的語氣更為莊重。
一八一五年,迪涅的主教是查理·佛朗沙·卞福汝·米里哀先生。他是個(gè)七十五歲左右的老人;從一八〇六年起,他已就任迪涅區(qū)主教的職位。
雖然這些小事絕不觸及我們將要敘述的故事的本題,但為了全面精確起見,在此提一提在他就任之初,人們所傳播的有關(guān)他的一些風(fēng)聞與傳說也并不是無用的。
大眾關(guān)于某些人的傳說,無論是真是假,在這些人的生活中——尤其是在他們的命運(yùn)中所占的地位,往往和他們親身所做的事是同等重要的。
一八〇四年,米里哀先生是白里尼奧爾的本堂神甫。他當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)老了,過著深居簡出的生活。
在拿破侖即將加冕時(shí),米里哀先生為了本教區(qū)的一件不知道什么小事,到巴黎去過一趟。
他代表其教區(qū)信眾向上級有所陳請,夾在一群顯要人物中去見費(fèi)什紅衣主教。
一天,皇帝來看他的費(fèi)什舅父,這位尊貴的本堂神甫正在前廳候見,皇帝恰巧走過。拿破侖看見這位老人用一雙好奇的眼睛瞧著他,便轉(zhuǎn)過身來,突然問道:
“瞧著我的那漢子是誰呀?”
“陛下,”米里哀先生說,“您瞧一個(gè)漢子,我瞧一位天子。彼此都還上算?!?/p>
皇帝在當(dāng)天晚上向紅衣主教問明了這位本堂神甫的姓名。不久以后,米里哀先生極其詫異地得知自己被任命為迪涅主教。
除此以外,人們對米里哀先生初期生活所傳述的軼事到底有多少是真實(shí)的呢?誰也不知道。很少人知道米里哀這家人在革命以前的情況。
任何人初到一個(gè)說話的嘴巴多——而思考的頭腦少的小城里,總有夠他受的,米里哀先生也不例外。盡管他是主教,并且正因?yàn)樗侵鹘蹋偷檬苤?。不過說到底,那些牽涉到他名字的談話只是一些閑談而已,內(nèi)容不過是聽來的三言兩語和捕風(fēng)捉影的東西,有時(shí)甚至連捕風(fēng)捉影也說不上,照南方人那種強(qiáng)烈的話來說,只是“胡謅”而已。
不管怎樣,他在迪涅居住并擔(dān)任圣職九年以后,當(dāng)初那些成為小城小人談話題材的閑話,早就完全被人們丟在腦后了。沒有誰再敢提到——甚至沒有誰再敢回想起那些閑話了。
(選自人民文學(xué)出版社版本,有改動(dòng))